141 lines
14 KiB
XML
141 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iǧændun</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_iǧændun" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form xml:id="form_d1828e66" type="lemma"><orth>iǧændun</orth><form xml:id="form_d1828e68" type="participle"><orth>iǧæst</orth></form></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1828e74"><sense xml:id="sense_d1828e75"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пачкать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to dirty</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1828e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>марать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to soil</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1828e93"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осквернять</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to desecrate</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1828e103">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1828e105">
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<quote>togæj nijǧændæn æj æ ros</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кровью запачкалась его щека</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>his cheek was stained with blood</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к *иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-gand-</hi>, сращение преверба <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-</hi> с
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основой <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gand-</hi> ‘осквернять’ и пр. Та же основа сохранилась в сращении с
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другим превербом: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-ǧændun</hi> (← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">pari-gand</hi>) ‘окрашивать’. —
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Лексикализованное прош. причастие имеем в <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæstæ</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iǧæstæ</hi> ‘осквернение’ и
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пр. Глагол <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ga(n)d-</hi>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gasta-</hi> является общеиранским, восходит к и.е.
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*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g˳edh-</hi> (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g˳endh-</hi>). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e261" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e127" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>gand</w>
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<gloss><q>вонь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e269" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e135" xml:lang="fa"><w>ganda</w>
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<gloss><q>зловонный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e275" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e141" xml:lang="fa"><w>gandīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>вонять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e281" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e147" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>gandag</w>
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<gloss><q>скверный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e289" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e155" xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
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<w>valagandan</w>
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<gloss><q>запачкать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e298" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e164" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ɣandəl</w>
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<gloss><q>чувствовать отвращение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e306" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e172" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>ɣond</w>
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<gloss><q>дурной</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e314" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e180" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*ɣandak(ɣndʼk, ɣntʼk)</w>
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<gloss><q>дурной</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e322" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e188" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>зло</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e328" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e194" xml:lang="sog"><w>*ɣaδken
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(ɣδkʼyn)</w>
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<gloss><q>гадкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e334" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e200" xml:lang="sog"><w>ɣanč
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(← *ganti-)</w>
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<gloss><q>смрад</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e341" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e207" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>ganti-</w>
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<gloss><q>смрад</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e349" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e215" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>gasta-</w>
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<gloss><q>дурной</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e357" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e223" xml:lang="peo"><w/>
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<gloss><q>зло</q></gloss></mentioned> (=ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧæstæ</hi>, прош. причастие от
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*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gand-</hi>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e363" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e229" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>gandha-</w>
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<gloss><q>запах</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение ‘дурной’ развилось из
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значения ‘смрад’, ср. ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi>
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‘дурной’, ‘зло’ из *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">puta-</hi> ‘гнилой’, ‘смрадный’. За пределами иранских языков
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всего ближе по значению стоит к осетинскому славянская группа: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e373" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e239" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">гадь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e379" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e246" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>гад, гадить, гадкий, гадость</w></mentioned> и пр. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_falǧændun"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæstæ"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">iǧæstæ</hi>.%n<bibl/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to *Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-gand-</hi>, the fusion of the preverb
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-</hi> with the stem <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gand-</hi> ‘to desecrate’ etc. The same stem is retained in
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the fusion of another preverb: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæl-ǧændun</hi> (← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">pari-gand</hi>) ‘to paint’. —
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The lexicalized past participle is present in <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæstæ</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">iǧæstæ</hi>
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‘desecration’ etc. The verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ga(n)d-</hi>: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">gasta-</hi> is Pan-Iranian, it traces
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back to Indo-European *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g˳edh-</hi> (*<hi rendition="#rend_italic">g˳endh-</hi>). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e127" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e261" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>gand</w>
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<gloss><q>stench</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e135" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e269" xml:lang="fa"><w>ganda</w>
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<gloss><q>stinking</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e141" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e275" xml:lang="fa"><w>gandīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>to stink</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e147" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e281" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>gandag</w>
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<gloss><q>nasty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e155" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e289" xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
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<w>valagandan</w>
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<gloss><q>to dirty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e164" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e298" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ɣandəl</w>
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<gloss><q>to revolt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e172" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e306" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>ɣond</w>
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<gloss><q>bad</q></gloss></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e180" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e314" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>*ɣandak(ɣndʼk, ɣntʼk)</w>
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<gloss><q>bad</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e188" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e322" xml:lang="sog"><w/>
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<gloss><q>evil</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e194" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e328" xml:lang="sog"><w>*ɣaδken
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(ɣδkʼyn)</w>
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<gloss><q>nasty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e200" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e334" xml:lang="sog"><w>ɣanč
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(← *ganti-)</w>
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<gloss><q>stink</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e207" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e341" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>ganti-</w>
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<gloss><q>stink</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e349" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
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<w>gasta-</w>
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<gloss><q>nasty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e223" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e357" xml:lang="peo"><w/>
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<gloss><q>evil</q></gloss></mentioned> (= Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ǧæstæ</hi>, past participle
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from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">gand-</hi>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e229" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e363" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>gandha-</w>
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<gloss><q>smell</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning ‘nasty’ developed from
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the meaning ‘stench’, cf. Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fud</hi>
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‘nasty’, ‘evil’ from *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">puta-</hi> ‘rotten’, ‘stinkinh’. Beyond the bound of
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Iranian languages the Slavic group is the closest semantically to Ossetic:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e239" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e373" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>gadь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1828e246" xml:id="mentioned_d1828e379" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>gad</w>
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<gloss><q>vermin</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1828e387" xml:lang="ru"><w>gaditʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>to make dirty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1828e393" xml:lang="ru"><w>gadkij</w>
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<gloss><q>nasty</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d1828e399" xml:lang="ru"><w>gadostʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>nasty thing</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_falǧændun"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæstæ"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">iǧæstæ</hi>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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