151 lines
13 KiB
XML
151 lines
13 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kærdyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kærdyn" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4199e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>kærdyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d4199e68" type="participle"><orth>karst</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4199e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kærdun</orth><form xml:id="form_d4199e73" type="participle"><orth>karst</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4199e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d4199e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>резать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to cut</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4199e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>рубить (на куски)</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to chop (into pieces)</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4199e95"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кроить</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to cut out</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4199e105">
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<re xml:id="re_d4199e107">
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<form xml:id="form_d4199e109" type="lemma"><orth>xos kærdyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4199e112"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>косить сено</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to mow hay</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4199e123">
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<form xml:id="form_d4199e125" type="lemma"><orth>x˳ym kærdyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4199e128"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жать хлеб</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to cut grain</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4199e140">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4199e142">
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<quote>fydǵynæn fyd lystæg kærdyn qæwy</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>для мясного пирога мясо надо рубить мелко</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>meat should be chopped finely for a meat pie</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4199e157">
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<quote>næ ḱynʒ kærdyn æmæ x˳yjynmæ dæsny ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>наша невестка кроить и шить искусна</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our daughter-in-law is good at cutting and sewing</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4199e172">
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<quote>mæ ḱyzgytæ avd æddægwælæjy šarynč, sæ kæræzījy rūxsmæ ūm
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kærdgæ-xujgæ kænync</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мои дочери живут в семиэтажном (замке), при свете друг друга они
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кроят-шьют</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my daughters live in a seven-story (castle), in the light of each
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other they cut, sew</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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58</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4199e191">
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<quote>ærkarstam, ærlastam næ xortæ, næ xos</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мы скосили, привезли наш хлеб, наше сено</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we mowed grain, we brought our bread, our hay</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4199e210">
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<quote>xorz kard ændon warty dær akærdy fælmæn cyxtaw</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хорошая шашка рассекает и стальной щит, как свежий сыр</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a good sabre cuts also a steel shield like fresh cheese</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kart-</hi>, и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳ert-</hi> (и.е.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*(s)k˳er-</hi> ‘резать’ с наращением <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-t</hi>). Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e308" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e233" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>’krt’nt</w>
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<gloss><q>они режут</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e316" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e241" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>karət-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">:</hi> kərəsta-</w>
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<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e324" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e249" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṛt-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e329" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e254" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w><hi rendition="#rend_italic">(</hi>kṛntati</w>
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<gloss><q>он режет</q></gloss></mentioned>). Сюда же относят <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e335" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e260" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>skaštəl<hi rendition="#rend_italic">:</hi> skaṇ(uz-kṛnt-?)</w>
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<gloss><q>отрезать</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Глагол сохранился в осетинском
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также в сращении с превербами: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gærdyn"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">igærdun</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*vi-kart-</hi>) ‘рассекать’; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærgævdyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævgærdun</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*abi-kart-</hi>) ‘закалывать (животное)’; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lægærdyn"/> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fra-kart-</hi>) ‘пробиваться через что-либо’.
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См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/> 'ножʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdīx"/> ‘кусок’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæg"/>
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‘трава’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdcyg"/> ‘стерня травы’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ugærdæn"/> ‘покос’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ugard"/>
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‘зарубка’, %r1%r<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæn"/> ‘платок’, %r2%r<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæn"/> ‘ножницы’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæskard"/> ‘ножницы’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævgærdæn"/> ‘шея’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III
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143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kart-</hi>, Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳ert-</hi>
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(Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*(s)k˳er-</hi> ‘to cut’ with an augment <hi rendition="#rend_italic">-t</hi>). Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e233" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e308" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>’krt’nt</w>
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<gloss><q>they are cutting</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e241" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e316" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>karət-<hi rendition="#rend_italic">:</hi> kərəsta-</w>
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<gloss><q>to cut</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e249" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e324" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṛt-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e254" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e329" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w><hi rendition="#rend_italic">(</hi>kṛntati</w>
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<gloss><q>he is cutting</q></gloss></mentioned>). This word is also related
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to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4199e260" xml:id="mentioned_d4199e335" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>skaštəl<hi rendition="#rend_italic">:</hi> skaṇ(uz-kṛnt-?)</w>
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<gloss><q>to cut off</q></gloss></mentioned>. — In Ossetic the verb is
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attested in combination with preverbs as well: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gærdyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">igærdun</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*vi-kart-</hi>) ‘to cut up’; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærgævdyn"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ævgærdun</hi> (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*abi-kart-</hi>) ‘to
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slaughter (an animal)’; <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lægærdyn"/>
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(<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*fra-kart-</hi>) ‘to make one's way through something’. See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kard"/> 'knifeʼ, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdīx"/>
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‘piece’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæg"/> ‘grass’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdcyg"/> ‘grass stuble’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ugærdæn"/> ‘hay mowing’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ugard"/> ‘incision’, %r1%r<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæn"/> ‘headscarf’,
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%r2%r<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kærdæn"/> ‘scissors’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæskard"/> ‘scissors’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævgærdæn"/> ‘neck’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>;
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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