530 lines
41 KiB
XML
530 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kom_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kom_1" n="1" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e66" type="lemma"><orth>kom</orth></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_kom_1.1"><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>рот</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mouth</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отверстие</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hole</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e88"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пасть</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>jaws</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_kom_1.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ущелье</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gorge</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="3" xml:id="sense_kom_1.3"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>острие</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>point</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e118">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">ср.</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">cf.</note>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e126">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e128" type="lemma"><orth>cæskom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e131"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лицо</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>face</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e142">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e144" type="lemma"><orth>komaryng</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e147"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>нёбо</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>palate</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/><biblScope>113</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e165">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e167" type="lemma"><orth>komykʼūl</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e170"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>внутренняя поверхность щек</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>inner surface of cheeks</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e182">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e184" type="lemma"><orth>komydon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e187"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слюна</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>saliva</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e198">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e200" type="lemma"><orth>komʒag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e203"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кус</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>morsel</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e214">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e216" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>komytæf</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e219" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>komitulfæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e222"><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e223"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дыхание</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>breath</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e232"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>выходящий изо рта воздух</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>air coming out of the mouth</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II 125</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e252">
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e254">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e256" type="lemma"><orth>wælgom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e259"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вверх лицом</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>face up</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e270">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e272" type="lemma"><orth>dælgom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e275"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вниз лицом</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>face down</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e286">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e288" type="lemma"><orth>komkommæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e291"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>напротив</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>opposite</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e302">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e304" type="lemma"><orth>ængom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e307"><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e308"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тесно</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tight</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e317"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>вплотную</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>right up against</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e329">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e331" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>gom</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e334" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>igon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e337"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>открытый</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>open</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e348">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e350" type="lemma"><orth>komævgænæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e353"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>воронка</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>funnel</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e364">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e366" type="lemma"><orth>komgæs</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e369"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охотник, сидящий в засаде у выхода из ущелья</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hunter, lying in ambush at the exit of the gorge</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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21</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e387">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e389" type="lemma"><orth>ægomyg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e392"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>немой</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mute</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e403">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e405" type="lemma"><orth>gojmag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e408"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>личность</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>personality</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">и др.</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">etc.</note>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e426">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">ср. также</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">cf. also</note>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e434">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e436" type="lemma"><orth>kom daryn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e439"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поститься</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fast</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e450">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e452" type="lemma"><orth>kom bæddyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e455"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>начинать пост</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>start the fast</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e466">
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e468" type="lemma"><orth>kom waʒyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e471"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кончать пост</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>finish the fast</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; ср. аналогичные грузинские выражения
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e483" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>p’iris dacʼera</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/><biblScope>Хеви
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196</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e492" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>p’iris daxsna</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1918, стр.
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2075</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1918, p.
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2075</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e504" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>k’al-kkvej</w>
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<gloss><q>пост</q></gloss></mentioned> („держание рта“)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; cf. similar Georgian expressions
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<mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e515" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>p’iris dacʼera</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/><biblScope>Хеви
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196</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e524" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>p’iris daxsna</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИАН"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1918, стр.
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2075</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1918, p.
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2075</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e536" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>k’al-kkvej</w>
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<gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned> (”mouth holding”)</note>
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</re>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4239e547">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">—</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">—</note>
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<form xml:id="form_d4239e555" type="lemma"><orth>kommæ kæsyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4239e558"><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e559"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>слушаться</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>listen</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d4239e568"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>повиноваться</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>obey</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">. — Значение ‘ущелье’ — переносное (‘пасть’ —
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‘ущелье’), ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e580" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
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<w>gorge</w>
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<gloss><q>глотка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e588" xml:lang="fr"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ущелье</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e594" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>auz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e602" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ущелье</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>); также
|
|||
|
|
‘острие’, ср. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e613" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>στόμα</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e618" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>p’iri</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e626" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>острие</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">. — The meaning ‘gorge’ is metaphorical
|
|||
|
|
(‘jaws’ — ‘gorge’), cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e635" xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gorge</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e643" xml:lang="fr"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>gorge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e649" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>auz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e657" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>gorge</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>286</biblScope></bibl>); also
|
|||
|
|
‘point’, cf. <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e668" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>στόμα</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e673" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>p’iri</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e681" xml:lang="ka"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>point</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
</re>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4239e688">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e690">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>dæ arm æxsad, dæ kom ænqævzt</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>(да будет) твоя рука умытой, твой рот ополощенным</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>Let your hand be washed, let your mouth be rinsed</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из напутствия покойнику</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">some parting words to the dead</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e711">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>wad dær æmæ furd dær jæ kommæ kæsync</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>и ветер, и море повинуются ему</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>Even the wind and the waves obey him</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">4</hi>
|
|||
|
|
41</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e730">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>gollagy komyl myn fæxæc</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>подержи мне отверстие мешка</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>hold the opening of a bag for me</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4239e746">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e748">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>æfcægæj kommæ wad ʒynazy</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>с перевала в ущелье стонет вьюга</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>a blizzard groans from a pass into the gorge</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e767">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>ærtæ komy ærx˳ydta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>пригласил (жителей) трех ущелий</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>invited the (residents of) three gorges</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/><biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e786">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>komæj ḱīdær zary</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>из ущелья кто-то поет</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>someone is singing from the gorge</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e805">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>Wællaǵyry kommæ ḱynʒy ta fæcyd</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>она снова вышла замуж в Алагирское ущелье</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>she married again in the Alagir Gorge</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e824" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote>bajergæf kænæn næ kom!</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>отстоим наше ущелье!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>let's defend our gorge!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e847" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote>dalæ komi es xuggojnæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>вон в ущелье есть берлога</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>there is a den in the gorge</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e869" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote>ærbaqærtuj Digorgommæ æveppajdi fud xabar</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>достигла Дигорского ущелья неожиданно дурная весть</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>unexpectedly bad news reached Digor gorge</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/><biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4239e892">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e894">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>æmæ caǧd fæwyʒysty cyrǧaǵy komæj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>и падут от острия меча („στόματι μαχαίρης“)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>and they will fall by the edge of the sword (“στόματι μαχαίρης”)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/><biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">21</hi>
|
|||
|
|
24</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e913">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>(Mæxæmæt) kardy kom wælæmæ saræzta</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>(Махамат) направил острие шашки вверх</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>(Mahamat) directed the tip of his sabre up</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/><biblScope>92</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:example xml:id="example_d4239e932">
|
|||
|
|
<quote>kardy komæj jæm xīd</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>туда (ведет) мост (в виде) острия ножа</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>a knife-shaped bridge leads there</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:example>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиранское слово. Хотя прямых древнеиранских соответствий не
|
|||
|
|
видно, можно возводить к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kahman-</hi>, от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kah-</hi>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1153" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e954" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kas-(ud-kas-, vi-kas-)</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>открываться</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:id="mentioned_d4239e962" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>отверзаться</q></gloss></mentioned>. Такая этимология позволяет
|
|||
|
|
связать <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1161" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e968" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>k’ɣk (← *kahaka), k’k</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нёбо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1169" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e976" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kahī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1174" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e981" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kaɣəko</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>глотка</q></gloss></mentioned> с осетинской и другими
|
|||
|
|
новоиранскими формами: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1182" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e990" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kam</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нёбо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1191" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e998" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пасть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1197" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1004" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kumai</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нёбо</q></gloss></mentioned>,[[Сюда ли <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1205" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1012" xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ɣem</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1213" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1020" xml:lang="x-rushani"><w/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>вход</q></gloss></mentioned>? (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Барт."/><biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_РТ"/><biblScope>13, 19, 23,
|
|||
|
|
30</biblScope></bibl>).]] <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1228" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1035" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kamā</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>глотка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/><biblScope>5-6</biblScope></bibl>).[[По
|
|||
|
|
образованию <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kahman-</hi> относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kahaka-</hi>, как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čašman-</hi> ‘глаз’ к
|
|||
|
|
др.перс. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kasaka-</hi> ‘ драгоценный камень’, от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kas-</hi> ‘смотреть’, ‘сиять’. При
|
|||
|
|
данной этимологии отпадает сближение с и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳em</hi>, др.инд. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čam-</hi>
|
|||
|
|
‘хлебать’ (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Lidеn</hi>. Armenische Studien, стр.
|
|||
|
|
19—20</biblScope></bibl>).]] Из персидского идут <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1244" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1051" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kōm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нёбо</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1252" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1059" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kōm</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>десны</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1260" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1068" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kām</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нёбо</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. О <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1269" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1076" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kamä</w></mentioned> в значении ‘рана’ (← ‘отверстие’) см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_komraz"/> ‘тампон’. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1276" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1083" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>an-kam-ān (’nkm’ny)</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>открыто</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/><biblScope xml:lang="ru">1936, стр. 202
|
|||
|
|
сл.</biblScope></bibl>) содержит, против ожидания, краткий <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>. Германская
|
|||
|
|
группа — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1289" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1096" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>gōma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1294" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1102" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Gaumen</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>нёбо</q></gloss></mentioned>, — по-видимому, не имеет сюда
|
|||
|
|
отношения, вопреки <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>. — Староосетинская форма <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kam</hi>
|
|||
|
|
отложилась в названиях ущелий горной Кабарды: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sau-kam</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Məstə-kam</hi>,
|
|||
|
|
<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ullu-kam</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dani-kam</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dələ-kam</hi> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>). Связано ли с
|
|||
|
|
осетинским <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1311" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1118" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>kam</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>ущелье</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Услар"/><biblScope>VI 406</biblScope></bibl>) ? — Старые
|
|||
|
|
иранские <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kom</hi> ‘рот’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘рука’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘нога’ частично вытеснены синонимами
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кавказского происхождения: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/>; см. эти слова.
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— Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gom"/> | <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kwaʒæn"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>5, 28, 90</biblScope></bibl>.—
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>78, 118, 169,
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318</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A general Iranian word. Althought there are no straight Old
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Iranian parallels, it can be traced back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kahman-</hi>, from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kah-</hi>, cf.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e954" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1153" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kas-(ud-kas-, vi-kas-)</w>
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<gloss><q>open (intr.)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Such etymology allows to
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connect <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e968" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1161" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>k’ɣk (← *kahaka), k’k</w>
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<gloss><q>palate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e976" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1169" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>kahī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e981" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1174" xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
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<w>kaɣəko</w>
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<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss></mentioned> to Ossetic and other new Iranian
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forms: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e990" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1182" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kam</w>
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<gloss><q>palate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e998" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1191" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>jaws</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1004" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1197" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>kumai</w>
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<gloss><q>palate</q></gloss></mentioned>,[[Is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1012" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1205" xml:lang="x-rushani"><lang/>
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<w>ɣem</w>
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<gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1020" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1213" xml:lang="x-rushani"><w/>
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<gloss><q>entrance</q></gloss></mentioned>connected to this word?
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Барт."/><biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_РТ"/><biblScope>13, 19, 23, 30</biblScope></bibl>).]]
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1035" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1228" xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
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<w>kamā</w>
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<gloss><q>throat</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/><biblScope>5-6</biblScope></bibl>).[[Derivationally <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kahman-</hi> is related to
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kahaka-</hi>, as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čašman-</hi> ‘eye’ is related to Old Persian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kasaka-</hi>
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‘jewel’, from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kas-</hi> ‘look’, ‘shine’. This etymology eliminates the connection
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to Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳em</hi>, Old Indian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čam-</hi> ‘sup’ (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Lidеn</hi>. Armenische Studien,
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pp. 19—20</biblScope></bibl>).]] <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1051" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1244" xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>kōm</w>
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<gloss><q>palate</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1059" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1252" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>kōm</w>
|
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<gloss><q>gums</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1068" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1260" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>kām</w>
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<gloss><q>palate</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. come from Persian. About
|
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1076" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1269" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>kamä</w></mentioned> in the meaning ‘wound’ (← ‘hole’) see under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_komraz"/> ‘tampon’. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1083" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1276" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
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<w>an-kam-ān (’nkm’ny)</w>
|
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<gloss><q>open</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JA"/><biblScope xml:lang="en">1936, p. 202
|
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ff.</biblScope></bibl>) unexpectedly contains short <hi rendition="#rend_italic">а</hi>. Germanic group —
|
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1096" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1289" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
|
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<w>gōma</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1102" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1294" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
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<w>Gaumen</w>
|
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<gloss><q>palate</q></gloss></mentioned>, — apparently is not connected to
|
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this word, contrary to <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>. — The old Ossetic form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kam</hi> is
|
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reflected in the names of the gorges of mountain Kabarda: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Sau-kam</hi>,
|
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">Məstə-kam</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Ullu-kam</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dani-kam</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Dələ-kam</hi> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>). Is
|
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4239e1118" xml:id="mentioned_d4239e1311" xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
|
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<w>kam</w>
|
|||
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|
<gloss><q>gorge</q></gloss></mentioned> connected to Ossetic (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Услар"/><biblScope>VI 406</biblScope></bibl>)?
|
|||
|
|
— Old Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kom</hi> ‘mouth’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> ‘arm’, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fad"/> ‘foot’ are partly extruded by synonyms of
|
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Caucasian origin: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼax"/>; see these words. — Cf.
|
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|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_gom"/> | <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kwaʒæn"/>.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>5,
|
|||
|
|
28, 90</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>78, 118, 169, 318</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
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</entry>
|
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
|