148 lines
15 KiB
XML
148 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nymætkʼ˳y</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_nymætkʼ0y" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5937e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>nymætkʼ˳y</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5937e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>nimætkʼu</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5937e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5937e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>гордовина</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gordovina</q>
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</abv:tr><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (разновидность калины)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (variety of viburnum)</note></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5937e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Viburnum Lantana</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Viburnum Lantana</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5937e96">
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<example xml:id="example_d5937e98">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xorz galæn cydæn <oRef>nymætkʼ˳yjy</oRef> wīs
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je raǧæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хорошему быку (нужен) на каждый выход прут из
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гордовины (для ударов) по спине</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for each exit, a good bull (needs) a viburnum
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rod (for blows) on the back</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 231</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5937e123">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nymætkʼ˳yjæ</oRef> kænync jæxsy
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qædtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из гордовины делают ручки для плеток</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lash handles are made from viburnum</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
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</bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <w>nimæt-tkʼu</w>; ср. для первой части <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e365" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e151" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>nәmata-</w>, <w>nәmәδkā-</w>
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<gloss>название растения</gloss>, возможно <gloss><q>калина</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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Вторая часть <c>tkʼu</c> (<c>ckʼu</c>, <c>tkæ</c>) представляет <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">детерминатив</q> со значением <q>куст</q>, <q>дерево</q>
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(ср. по функции <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e391" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e177" xml:lang="de"><c>-der</c></mentioned> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e394" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e180" xml:lang="de"><lang>нем.</lang>
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<w>Wachol-der</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e399" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e185" xml:lang="de"><w>Holun-der</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e403" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e189" xml:lang="de"><w>Masshol-der</w></mentioned>). Этот элемент (по-видимому,
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кавказского происхождения, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e406" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e192" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>mar-cʼqu-</w>
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<gloss><q>земляника</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e414" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e200" xml:lang="ka"><w>tqe</w>
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<gloss><q>лес</q></gloss></mentioned>) распознается еще в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fætkʼ0y"><w>fæ-tkʼu</w>
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<gloss><q>яблоня</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>яблоко</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e429" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e215" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fæl-tkʼu</w></mentioned>, где <c>fæl</c> из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e436" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e222" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(a)pal</w></mentioned> [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e440" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e226" xml:lang="cy"><lang/>
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<w>afal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e445" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e231" xml:lang="got-x-crm"><lang/>
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<w>apel</w>
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<gloss><q>яблоко</q></gloss></mentioned>], в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæckʼ0y"><w>mæ-ckʼu</w>
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<gloss><q>брусника</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myrtkæ"><w>myr-tkæ</w>
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<gloss><q>калина</q></gloss></ref>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e465" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e251" xml:lang="ira"><lang>Иран.</lang>
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<w type="rec">namata-</w>
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<gloss><q>калина</q></gloss></mentioned> этимологически связывают с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e475" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e261" xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220620T140358+0300" comment="Иранское?"?>nam<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w>
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<gloss><q>гнуться</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Bartholomae</author>,
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
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<biblScope>1068</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e494" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e280" xml:lang="ira"><w>nam-</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næmyn"/>)</note>
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<gloss><q>бить</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1957 XIX 52—55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. То и другое с
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семантической стороны уязвимо. Может быть, следует вспомнить о третьей омонимичной основе
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— <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e514" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e300" xml:lang="fa"><w>nam-</w>
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<gloss><q>влажный</q><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220620T140707+0300" comment="Иранское?"?></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>
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(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e522" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e308" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nam</w></mentioned> и пр.): калина любит хорошо увлажненную почву
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(<bibl><title>Ботанический атлас</title>. <pubPlace>М. — Л.</pubPlace>,
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<date>1963</date>, <biblScope>стр. 244</biblScope></bibl>). Поскольку <c>-tkʼu</c>
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выделяется как самостоятельный компонент, прямое отождествление ос. <w>nimætkʼu</w> с
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e541" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e327" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>nәmәδkā-</w></mentioned> невозможно. Быть может, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e546" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e332" xml:lang="ae"><w>nәmәδkā-</w></mentioned> вообще следует отделять от <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e549" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e335" xml:lang="ae"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220620T141026+0300" comment="Выше слово написано без макрона"?>nәmatā<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>
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и переводить не <q>растение для топлива</q>, а <q>соль</q>, кидаемая в огонь в
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определенном ритуале (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/>
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<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>; но cp.: <bibl>
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<author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IIJ"/><biblScope>1969 XI
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292</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <w>nimæt-tkʼu</w>; for the first part, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e151" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e365" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>nәmata-</w>, <w>nәmәδkā-</w>
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<gloss>plant name</gloss>, probably <gloss><q>viburnum</q></gloss></mentioned>. The
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second part <c>tkʼu</c> (<c>ckʼu</c>, <c>tkæ</c>) is a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">determinative</q> with the meaning <q>bush</q>, <q>tree</q> (cf. functionally
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e177" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e391" xml:lang="de"><c>-der</c></mentioned> in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e180" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e394" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Wachol-der</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e185" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e399" xml:lang="de"><w>Holun-der</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e189" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e403" xml:lang="de"><w>Masshol-der</w></mentioned>). This element (presumably of
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Caucasian origin, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e192" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e406" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>mar-cʼqu-</w>
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<gloss><q>strawberry</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e200" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e414" xml:lang="ka"><w>tqe</w>
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<gloss><q>forest</q></gloss></mentioned>) is also recognized in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fætkʼ0y"><w>fæ-tkʼu</w>
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<gloss><q>apple tree</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>apple</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e215" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e429" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">fæl-tkʼu</w></mentioned>, where <c>fæl</c> is from
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e222" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e436" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">(a)pal</w></mentioned> [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e226" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e440" xml:lang="cy"><lang/>
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<w>afal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e231" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e445" xml:lang="got-x-crm"><lang/>
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<w>apel</w>
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<gloss><q>apple</q></gloss></mentioned>], in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mæckʼ0y"><w>mæ-ckʼu</w>
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<gloss><q>cowberry</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myrtkæ"><w>myr-tkæ</w>
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<gloss><q>viburnum</q></gloss></ref>. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e251" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e465" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">namata-</w>
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<gloss><q>viburnum</q></gloss></mentioned> is ethymologically associated with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e261" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e475" xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220620T140358+0300" comment="Иранское?"?>nam<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w>
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<gloss><q>bend</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Bartholomae</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
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<biblScope>1068</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e280" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e494" xml:lang="ira"><w>nam-</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næmyn"/>)</note>
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<gloss><q>hit</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1957 XIX 52—55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Both are
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semantically vulnerable. Maybe one should recall the third homonymous stem — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e300" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e514" xml:lang="fa"><w>nam-</w>
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<gloss><q>wet</q><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220620T140707+0300" comment="Иранское?"?></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>
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(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e308" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e522" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nam</w></mentioned> etc.): viburnum favours well-moistened soil
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(<bibl><title>Botanicheskij atlas</title> [Botanical atlas]. <pubPlace>Moscow,
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Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>p. 244</biblScope></bibl>). Since
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<c>-tkʼu</c> stands out as an independent component, direct identification of Ossetic
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<w>nimætkʼu</w> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e327" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e541" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>nәmәδkā-</w></mentioned> is impossible. Perhaps, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e332" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e546" xml:lang="ae"><w>nәmәδkā-</w></mentioned> should be generally separated from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5937e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5937e549" xml:lang="ae"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20220620T141026+0300" comment="Выше слово написано без макрона"?>nәmatā<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>
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and translated not as <q>fuel plant</q> but as <q>salt</q>, thrown into the fire during a
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certain ritual (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Sogd."/>
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<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>; but see also <bibl>
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<author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IIJ"/><biblScope>1969 XI
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292</biblScope></bibl>).</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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