197 lines
14 KiB
XML
197 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pajda</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
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<p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
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</publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_pajda" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d1379e68" type="lemma"><orth>pajda</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1379e71"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>польза</q>
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</abv:tr><sense xml:id="sense_d1379e76"><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>benefit</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1379e81"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>выгода</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>profit</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1379e90"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>барыш</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>gain</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1379e99"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>проценты</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>percentage</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; близко по значению <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftiag"/></note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; its meaning is
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close to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æftiag"/></note></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1379e115">
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<form xml:id="form_d1379e117" type="lemma"><orth>pajda kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1379e120"><sense xml:id="sense_d1379e121"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>извлекать выгоду, пользу</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>take advantage</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1379e130"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>давать барыш</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>give a profit</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1379e141">
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<form xml:id="form_d1379e143" type="lemma"><orth>pajdagyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1379e146"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">выгодный</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beneficial</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d1379e159">
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<example xml:id="example_d1379e161">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">henyr wyn mænæj pajda nal īs</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь вам от меня нет больше пользы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I’m no longer of any use to you now</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1379e184">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz am amælʒynæn æmæ bambiʒynæn, ūmæj cy pajda
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īs mælikkæn?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какая выгода князю, если я умру и сгнию
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здесь?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">What is the benefit to the prince if I die and
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rot here?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1379e207">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cy pajda ū adæjmagæn, ægas dune jæxī k˳y
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bakæna, fælæ jæ adæn k˳y bazian kæna?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какая польза человеку, если он приобретет весь
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мир, а душе своей повредит?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">For what is a man profited, if he shall gain
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the whole world, and lose his own soul?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">16</hi> 26</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1379e233">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">pajda æmæ zian — ævsymærtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">барыш и убыток — братья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">profit and loss are brothers</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">поговорка</note><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">proverb</note></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1379e257">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">… aly bon tuman pajda k˳yd kænoj…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…чтобы каждый день давали один туман
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процентов…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…to give a huge amount of percents every
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day…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d1379e281" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…næ es tuxʒurdæj pajda</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нет пользы препираться (спорить)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there’s no point in arguing</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e430" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e311" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>fāida</w>
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<gloss><q>польза</q>, <q>барыш</q></gloss></mentioned>. Заимствовано через посредство
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одного из севернотюркских языков, которым чужда фонема <c>f</c>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e442" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e323" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>paida</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>IV 1123</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Как и другие слова с
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начальным <c>p</c>, вошло в осетинский в тот относительно поздний период, когда в этом
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языке утратил силу закон перехода <c>p</c> в <c>f</c>; см. об этом под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændyr"/>. — Усвоено во многие языки: иранские — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e464" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e345" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>paida</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e469" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e350" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>paydā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e474" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e355" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>fāida</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e479" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e360" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">fāidak</w> (<w>fʽydk</w>)</mentioned>; кавказские — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e489" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e370" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<m>pajda</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e494" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e375" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>pajda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e499" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e380" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>pajda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e504" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e385" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>. <w>pajda</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e509" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e390" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>fajdä</w></mentioned> и др.; славянские — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e514" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e395" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>фaйдa</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e520" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e401" xml:lang="sr" extralang="hr"><lang/>
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<w>fajda.</w></mentioned>
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<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi>. ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>II 84</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>129</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e311" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e430" xml:lang="ar" extralang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>fāida</w>
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<gloss><q>benefit</q>, <q>gain</q></gloss></mentioned>. It was borrowed from one of
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North-Turkic languages which did not have a phoneme <c>f</c>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e323" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e442" xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>paida</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>IV 1123</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. As other words with an
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initial <c>p</c>, it entered Ossetic at a relatively late period when the law of
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transition <c>p</c> to <c>f</c> lost its force in this language; see more information
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under the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændyr"/>. — It was learned by many
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languages: Iranian — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e464" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>paida</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e350" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e469" xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>paydā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e355" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e474" xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>fāida</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e360" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e479" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">fāidak</w> (<w>fʽydk</w>)</mentioned>; Caucasian — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e370" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e489" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<m>pajda</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e375" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e494" xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>pajda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e380" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e499" xml:lang="ani"><lang/>
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<w>pajda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e385" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e504" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>pajda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e390" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e509" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>fajdä</w></mentioned> etc.; Slavic — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e395" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e514" xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>fajda</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1379e401" xml:id="mentioned_d1379e520" xml:lang="sr" extralang="hr"><lang/>
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<w>fajda.</w></mentioned>
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<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 84</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>9</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>129</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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