143 lines
11 KiB
XML
143 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qazaq(q)</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_qazaq6q9" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d2347e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qazaq(q)</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2347e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>qazax</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2347e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>казаки</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cossacks</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d2347e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d2347e84" type="lemma"><orth>qazaqqag</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2347e87"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">казак</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cossack</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2347e100">
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<example xml:id="example_d2347e102">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gævzykk adæmy rastyn kodta donag qazaqqag
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Stepan Razin</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бедняков поднял на восстание донской казак
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Степан Разин"</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the poor were raised to revolt by the Don
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Cossack Stepan Razin</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><title>SSRC-y istorijy cybyr kurs</title>.
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<biblScope>Tskhinvali, 1938, p. 66</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2347e125">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn ūcy bæx k˳y næ wa, wæd mæ card nīcy ū,
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ærcaxsʒysty mæ qazaqq</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если у меня не будет того коня, то моя жизнь
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ничего не стоит, казаки меня поймают</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if I don’t have that horse, then my life is
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worthless, the Cossacks will catch me</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>147</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Тюркское слово <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e275" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e152" xml:lang="trk"><w>qazaq</w></mentioned>
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выступает в нескольких значениях: 1. <q>вольный крестьянин</q>, 2. <q>наемный работник</q>
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(в этом значении и в древнерусском), 3. <q>воин-бродяга</q>, <q>разбойник</q>, 4.
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<q>вольный поселенец южнорусских степей</q>, <q>казак</q>, 5. племенное название
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(казах). (Об этом слове см.: <bibl><author>Самойлович</author>. <title>О слове <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">казак</q></title>. <biblScope> В сб.: Казахи.
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Антропологические очерки, Л., 1927, стр. 5—16</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Дмитриев</author>. <title>Строй тюркских языков</title>. <biblScope>М.,
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1962, стр. 496, 535</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
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<biblScope>168—169</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
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<biblScope>III 462—468</biblScope></bibl>). Ос. <oRef>qazaqq</oRef> по значению
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примыкает к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e321" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e198" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>казак</w></mentioned>, но сохраняет тюркское произношение (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e326" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e203" xml:lang="ru"><lang>русск.</lang>
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<c>к</c></mentioned> не дает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e331" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e208" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>q</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e336" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e213" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>картофель</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kartof" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>kartof</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e347" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e224" xml:lang="ru"><lang>русск.</lang>
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<c>копейка</c></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>kapek</w></ref> и др.). В языках Кавказа мы находим наше слово не только в значении
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<q>казак</q>, но кое-где и в исходном значении <q>вольный крестьянин</q>: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e361" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e238" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>qazaxi</w>
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<gloss><q>крестьянин</q>, также <q>молодец</q>, <q>герой</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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Значение <q>наемный работник</q> или <q>наемный воин</q> удержалось в осетинской
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поговорке: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d2347e255" xml:lang="os">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæmyzd qazaqq īs, fælæ ænæxælc qazaqq
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næj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">есть казаки без жалованья, но нет казаков без
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кормежки</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 235</biblScope></bibl>
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</example> .</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A Turkic word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e152" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e275" xml:lang="trk"><w>qazaq</w></mentioned> has
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several meanings: 1. <q>free peasant</q>, 2. <q>employee</q> (in this meaning also in Old
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Russian), 3. <q>rogue warrior</q>, <q>outlaw</q>, 4. <q>a free settler of the southern
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Russian steppes</q>, <q>Cossack</q>, 5. tribal name (Kazakh). (Further information about
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this word see in: <bibl><author>Samoilovich</author>. <title>About the word <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">cossack</q></title>. <biblScope> In the collection:
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Kazakhs. Anthropological essays, L., 1927, p. 5—16</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><author>Dmitriev</author>. <title>The structure of the Turkic languages</title>.
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<biblScope>M., 1962, p. 496, 535</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
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<biblScope>168—169</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
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<biblScope>III 462—468</biblScope></bibl>). Ossetic <oRef>qazaqq</oRef> is close to
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e198" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e321" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>kazak</w></mentioned> by its meaning, but retains the Turkic pronunciation
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(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e203" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e326" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<c>k</c></mentioned> does not reflect in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e208" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e331" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>q</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e213" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e336" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>kartofelʼ</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kartof" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>kartof</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e224" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e347" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<c>kopejka</c></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kapek6k9" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>kapek</w></ref> etc.). In the languages of the Caucasus we find our word not only in
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the meaning <q>cossack</q>, but somewhere in the initial meaning <q>free peasant</q>:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2347e238" xml:id="mentioned_d2347e361" xml:lang="xmf"><lang/>
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<w>qazaxi</w>
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<gloss><q>peasant</q>, also <q>fellow</q>, <q>hero</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning
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<q>employee</q> or <q>mercenary warrior</q> was retained in the Ossetic proverb:
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="example_d2347e378" xml:lang="os">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæmyzd qazaqq īs, fælæ ænæxælc qazaqq
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næj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there are Cossacks without pay, but there are
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no Cossacks without food</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 235</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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