372 lines
20 KiB
XML
372 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">safyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_safyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3581e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>safyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>sæft</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>isafyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>isavd</orth></form><form type="lemma"><orth> (isaft-)</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3581e69" n="1">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>терять</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to lose</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense n="2">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>губить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to ruin</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>уничтожать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to destroy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сводить на нет</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to nullify</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>засылать куда-нибудь (в виде наказания)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to exile somewhere (as punishment)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>портить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to spoil</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>пачкать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to dirty</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ qūscæǵytæj īw
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<oRef>fesædton</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я потеряла одну из своих сережек</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have lost one of my earrings</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">de ‘xcadon kæm <oRef>fesæftaj</oRef>?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где ты потерял свой кошелек?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where did you lose your purse?</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wærdon mijjag k˳y asædda, wæddær cy
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<oRef>safy</oRef>: sūgæn yn babæzʒæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если даже поломается его арба, и тогда что он
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теряет: пригодится ему на дрова</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even if his araba breaks down, he loses
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nothing: it can be used as firewood</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">farisejtæ ta... tærxon kodtoi jæ nyxmæ, k˳yd
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æj <oRef>fesafoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">фарисеи же... имели совещание против него, как
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бы погубить его</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">but the Pharisees … conspired against him, how
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to destroy him</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">12</hi> 14</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmy arazgæ dær warzonʒīnad kæny,
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<oRef>safgæ</oRef> dær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">любовь и образует людей, и губит (их)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">love forms people, but also destroys (them)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma kæn, Tajmuraz, dæxī ma
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<oRef>saf</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не делай (этого), Таймураз, не губи себя!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't do (that), Tajmuraz, don't ruin
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yourself!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ sær <oRef>safyn</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хочу загубить себя (<q>свою голову</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I want to ruin myself (<q>my head</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 40</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ardygæj dæ sær <oRef>fesaf</oRef>, dæ koj mæm
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mak˳ycæj q˳ysa</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пропади отсюда, чтобы и слуха твоего до меня не
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доходило</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">go away from here, don't let me ever hear a
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word from you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 237</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cy x˳ycaw, cy zæd dæ, ma næ
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<oRef>fesaf</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">божество ты или ангел, не погуби нас!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">either you are god or angel, don't destroy
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us!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr mæn dær <oRef>safʒænī</oRef> æmæ smax
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dær</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь он и меня погубит, и вас</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now he will destroy me and you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>152</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyng... wazægæn jæ fællad
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<oRef>safy</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(накрытый) стол сводит на нет усталость
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гостя</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a (laid) table nullifies a tiredness of a
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guest</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>105</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sybyrmæ jæ <oRef>fesæftoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его заслали в Сибирь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he was exiled to Siberia</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dardmæ jæ ma <oRef>fesaf</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не засылай ее далеко</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't exile her far away</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>90</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rygæj dæxī kæm <oRef>fesæftaj</oRef>?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где ты так запылился?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where did you get so dusty?</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qæræmi xantæ næbæl <oRef>isafuni </oRef>fændæ
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iskodtoncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">крымские ханы задумали уничтожить нас</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the Crimean Khans conceived to destroy us</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xīnæ osæ zelun bajdædta, ci amalæj æj
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>fesafon</oRef>, zæggæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">коварная женщина стала строить козни, каким бы
|
|||
|
|
способом погубить его, говоря</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">an insidious woman started to plot against him,
|
|||
|
|
saying: which way it could be possible to destroy him</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>8₃</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æz <oRef>fesafton</oRef> Ʒanʒiraqi eske
|
|||
|
|
ardud, eske lazæj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я погубил Дзандзирак по чужому навету, по чужой
|
|||
|
|
вине</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I killed Dzandziraqi because of someone else's
|
|||
|
|
slander, by someone else's fault</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæmæn <oRef>isafis</oRef> mæ?</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему ты меня губишь?</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why are you destroying me?</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nurtækkæ næ cæǧduj, <oRef>isafuj</oRef> næ,
|
|||
|
|
isavdi rawænmæ mæ ku ærbaxudtajtæ </quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сейчас он нас истребит, погубит нас, вы
|
|||
|
|
пригласили меня в гибельное место</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now he will exterminate, destroy us, you have
|
|||
|
|
invited me into the disastrous place</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">max ʒurd ravardtan, næxe kæʒos ke darʒinan,
|
|||
|
|
kʼelatæ cʼifæj næ <oRef>isafʒinan</oRef></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы (школьники) дали слово, что будем содержать
|
|||
|
|
себя в чистоте, не будем пачкать парты</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we (schoolers) promised that we will keep
|
|||
|
|
ourselves cleen, won't dirty the desks</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_FS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 106</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vi-šāp-</w></mentioned> и сопоставляется с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<m>kṣ̌ap-</m>, <w>kṣ̌apayati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>губить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>уничтожать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сводить на
|
|||
|
|
нет</q></gloss></mentioned>. Мы имеем здесь один из тех случаев, когда
|
|||
|
|
древнеиндийскому <c>kş</c> отвечает в иранском <c>ş</c>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>kşudh- </m>‖<m>šud-</m>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>голод</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syd_1" xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sud</w></ref>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>ṛkṣa-</m> ‖
|
|||
|
|
<m>arsa-</m><gloss><q>медведь</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ars"/>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>dakṣina-</w>
|
|||
|
|
| <w>dašina-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>искусный</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæsny"/>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>čakṣus-</w> ‖ <w>čašman-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>глаз</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>) и др. — Активному глаголу <oRef>safyn</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
соответствует медиальный <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæfyn"/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>пропадать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>гибнуть</q></gloss> с закономерным ослаблением
|
|||
|
|
гласного <c>a</c> → <c>æ</c>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope> II 82</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">It is traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">vi-šāp-</w></mentioned> and compared with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<m>kṣ̌ap-</m>, <w>kṣ̌apayati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to destroy</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to ruin</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to
|
|||
|
|
nullify</q></gloss></mentioned>. We have here one of the cases where the Old Indic
|
|||
|
|
<c>kş</c> corresponds to Iranian <c>ş</c>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>kşudh- </m>‖<m>šud-</m>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>a hunger</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syd_1" xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sud</w></ref>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><m>ṛkṣa-</m> ‖ <m>arsa-</m><gloss><q>a
|
|||
|
|
bear</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ars"/>),
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>dakṣina-</w> | <w>dašina-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>skillful</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dæsny"/>), <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="ira"><w>čakṣus-</w> ‖ <w>čašman-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>an eye</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"/>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæst"/>) and others. — To the verb <oRef>safyn</oRef> in
|
|||
|
|
the active voice corresponds <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sæfyn"/>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to ruin</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to destroy</q></gloss> in the middle voice with a
|
|||
|
|
regular vowel weakening <c>a</c> → <c>æ</c>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope> II 82</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|