231 lines
20 KiB
XML
231 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sasm</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sasm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d1788e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sasm</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sans</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1788e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>клей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>glue</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sasmæxsīdæn</w> |
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<w>sæsmæxsīdæn</w>
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<gloss><q>посуда, в которой варят (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīdyn"><w>æxsīdæn</w></ref>) клей</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sasmæxsīdæn</w> |
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<w>sæsmæxsīdæn</w>
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<gloss><q>dish which is used for preparing (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æxsīdyn"><w>æxsīdæn</w></ref>) glue</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæskard æmæ myn <oRef>sasm</oRef>
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rarvīt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пришли мне ножницы и клей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">send me scissors and glue</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>193</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ zærdætæ warzonʒīnady <oRef>sasmæj</oRef>
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banyxæstysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их сердца (как бы) склеились клеем любви</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their hearts are stuck together with the glue
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of love</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">... <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">sansi</oRef>
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duǧosug æxseduncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...варят котел клея</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...[they] prepare a boiler of glue</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sansi mæ nittolæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">окуни меня в клей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dip me into glue</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ænædon <oRef>sasm</oRef></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">безводный
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клей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" rendition="#rend_doublequotes">glue without
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water</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (так называется в сказках чудесный клей, которым
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герой обмазывает своего коня, чтобы сделать его неуязвимым для коня противника)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (it is the name of wonderful glue from fairy tales, a
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hero usually coats his horse with it to make it invulnerable for an enemy's
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horse)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Отношение между иронской и дигорской формой такое же, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><w>casm</w> | <w>cans</w></ref> (из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>časman-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsm"><w>fæsm</w> | <w>fans</w></ref> (из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">pasman-</w></mentioned>) и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>379</biblScope></bibl>). Во всех этих случаях этимологически полезной формой
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является иронская как более архаичная. Дигорская форма — результат метатезы <c>sm</c> →
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<c>ms</c> и обычного перебоя сонантов <c>m</c> → <c>n</c>. Начальный <c>s-</c> восходит
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здесь закономерно к <c>sr-</c>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w>sīn</w> |
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<w>sujnæ</w>
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<gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srauni-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>asin</w>
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<gloss><q>лестница</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">ā-srin-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sy"/>
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<gloss><q>рог</q></gloss> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sru-</w></mentioned>.
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Восстанавливаемое таким образом <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srāšm-</w></mentioned> сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sⁱrīsᶸm</w>
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<gloss><q>клей</q></gloss></mentioned>. Персидская форма восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">sraišman</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ṡleşman-</w>
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<gloss><q>клейкое вещество</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>слизь</q></gloss>;</mentioned><note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Параллельно в <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang>персидском</lang> бытует <w>sirīš</w>, <w>sirēš</w></mentioned>. По словарю
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<name>Гаффарова</name>
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sirīš</w></mentioned> означает <gloss><q>растительный клей,
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употребляемый преимущественно сапожниками</q></gloss>, а <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sirīšum</w> 1. <gloss n="1"><q>рыбий клей</q></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>клей,
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добываемый из кожи</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>strišam</w>
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<gloss><q>клей</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
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<biblScope>813</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
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<biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>).</note> ос. <oRef/> (<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srāšm-</w></mentioned>) возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srāⁱšman-</w></mentioned>, где вторая, слабая часть дифтонга (<c>ⁱ</c>)
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была <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">поглощена</q> первой, сильной частью; ср.
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аналогичное явление: ос. и. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ran"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">rāᶸn</w></mentioned> (д. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ran"><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>rawæn</w></mentioned></ref>) или перс. <w>J̌amšad
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</w> (рядом с <w>J̌amīd </w>) из <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Yama-xšaita-</w></mentioned>. Др.иран. <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">srǎišman-</w></mentioned> представляет отглагольное имя на <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><m>-man-</m></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
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<biblScope>II 1 232 sqq</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
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<biblScope>II 2 754 sqq.</biblScope></bibl>) от <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">sriš</w>, <w type="rec">sraiš</w>
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<gloss><q>приставать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прилипать</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>приклеивать(ся)</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sirištan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>srištan</w></mentioned> : <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>srēš-</w>
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<gloss><q>смешивать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>sraiš-</w>
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<gloss><q>приставать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ṡleṣ-</w>, <w>ṡliṣ-</w>, <w>ṡriṣ-</w>
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<gloss><q>приставать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>прикрепляться</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда
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же <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ṣaiṣṭa</w>
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<gloss><q>прикрепленный</q></gloss>, <w type="rec">šemāna-</w>
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<gloss><q>липкий</q></gloss></mentioned>. Базу <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">ṡriš-</w></mentioned> справедливо считают производной от <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">sri-</w></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ṡri-</w>, <w>ṡriṇāti</w>, <w>ṡtrayatī</w>
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<gloss><q>смешивать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>варить</q></gloss></mentioned> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">клей</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">варево</q>,
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ср. выше ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sasmæxsīdæn</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">клееварка</q></gloss>), куда и <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>χρᾱσις</w>
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<gloss><q>смешение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>смесь</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр.
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
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<biblScope>320</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>582</biblScope></bibl>). — Из иранского идут <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>širiš</w>, <w>čiriš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>cziriz</w>
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<gloss><q>клей</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>клейстер</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>448</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl> (относит сюда и <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>nṣ̂atəl</w>
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<gloss><q>приклеиваться</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>приклеить</q></gloss></mentioned>).</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The relation between Iron and Digor forms is the same as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_casm"><w>casm</w> | <w>cans</w></ref> (from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>časman-</w></mentioned>), <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæsm"><w>fæsm</w> | <w>fans</w></ref> (from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">pasman-</w></mentioned>) etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>379</biblScope></bibl>). In all these cases, etymologically useful is the
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Iron form as more archaic one. The Digor form is the result of the methathesis <c>sm</c> →
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<c>ms</c> and the regular sound change <c>m</c> → <c>n</c>. The initial consonant
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<c>s-</c> there regularly corresponds to <c>sr-</c>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w>sīn</w> | <w>sujnæ</w>
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<gloss><q>hip</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srauni-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>asin</w>
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<gloss><q>ladder</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">ā-srin-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sy"/>
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<gloss><q>horn</q></gloss> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sru-</w></mentioned>. The form <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srāšm-</w></mentioned> reconstructed that way is brought together with <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sⁱrīsᶸm</w>
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<gloss><q>glue</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Persian form goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">sraišman</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>ṡleşman-</w>
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<gloss><q>adhesive substance</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mucus</q></gloss>;
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</mentioned><note type="footnote">Simultaneously, in <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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the word <w>sirīš</w>, <w>sirēš</w></mentioned> is common. According to the dictionary
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of <name>Gaffarov</name>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sirīš</w></mentioned> means
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<gloss><q>vegetable glue used mostly by shoemakers</q></gloss>, whereas <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sirīšum</w> has the meanings 1. <gloss n="1"><q>fish
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glue</q></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>glue extracted from leather</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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The cognate is <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>strišam</w>
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<gloss><q>glue</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Tomaschek"/>
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<biblScope>813</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/>
|
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<biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>).</note> Ossetic <oRef/> (<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srāšm-</w></mentioned>) is traced to <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">srāⁱšman-</w></mentioned>, in that form the second, weak part of the
|
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diphthong (<c>ⁱ</c>) was <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">absorbed</q> by the first,
|
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strong one; cf. the same phenomenon: Iron <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ran"/> from
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">rāᶸn</w></mentioned> (Digor <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ran"><mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>rawæn</w></mentioned></ref>) or
|
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Persian <w>J̌amšad </w> (along with <w>J̌amīd </w>) from <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Yama-xšaita-</w></mentioned>. Old Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">srǎišman-</w></mentioned> is a deverbal noun formed by <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><m>-man-</m></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
|
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<biblScope>II 1 232 sqq</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Wackernagel-Debrunner"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>II 2 754 sqq.</biblScope></bibl>) from <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">sriš</w>, <w type="rec">sraiš</w>
|
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<gloss><q>stick</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>adhere</q></gloss>,
|
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|
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<gloss><q>glue</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w>sirištan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>srištan</w></mentioned> : <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>srēš-</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>mix</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>sraiš-</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>stick</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>ṡleṣ-</w>, <w>ṡliṣ-</w>, <w>ṡriṣ-</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>stick</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>attach</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. also
|
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|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>ṣaiṣṭa</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>attached</q></gloss>, <w type="rec">šemāna-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sticky</q></gloss></mentioned>. The base <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">ṡriš-</w></mentioned> are correctly considered to be derived from
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w type="rec">sri-</w></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>ṡri-</w>, <w>ṡriṇāti</w>, <w>ṡtrayatī</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mix</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>boil</q></gloss></mentioned> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">glue</q> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">concoction</q>, cf. above Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sasmæxsīdæn</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">dish which is used for preparing
|
|||
|
|
glue</q></gloss>), the cognate is <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>χρᾱσις</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>mixing</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mixture</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>320</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>582</biblScope></bibl>). — <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>širiš</w>, <w>čiriš</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>cziriz</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>glue</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>flour paste</q></gloss></mentioned> go back to
|
|||
|
|
Iranian (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>448</biblScope></bibl>). <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl> (the author also includes <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nṣ̂atəl</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stick</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>glue</q></gloss></mentioned>).</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|