355 lines
26 KiB
XML
355 lines
26 KiB
XML
|
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|||
|
|
<teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">swadon</hi></title>
|
|||
|
|
</titleStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
|||
|
|
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
|||
|
|
<sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
|||
|
|
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</sourceDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</fileDesc>
|
|||
|
|
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
|||
|
|
<tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
|||
|
|
</tagsDecl>
|
|||
|
|
</encodingDesc>
|
|||
|
|
</teiHeader>
|
|||
|
|
<text>
|
|||
|
|
<body>
|
|||
|
|
<entry xml:id="entry_swadon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:id="form_d2902e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>swadon</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sawædon(æ)</orth></form>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense xml:id="sense_d2902e69">
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>источник</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>source</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>родник</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>spring</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>ключ</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>well</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<sense>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q>ручей</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q>brook</q>
|
|||
|
|
</abv:tr>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
</sense>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Родники пользовались в прошлом почитанием; с некоторыми
|
|||
|
|
родниками были связаны легенды. Существовал обычай посвящать родник покойнику; роднику
|
|||
|
|
присваивалось его имя</note>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. Springs were revered in the past; legends were
|
|||
|
|
associated with some springs. There was a custom to dedicate a spring to the deceased; the
|
|||
|
|
spring was given his name</note>
|
|||
|
|
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donʒaw ḱyzǵytæ sæ gogontīmæ
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>swadonmæ</oRef> fæcæjcydysty</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девушки-водоноски со своими <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gogon">гогонами</ref> направлялись к роднику</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the water-carrying girls with their <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gogon">gogons</ref> were heading to the spring</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saw <oRef>swadættæ</oRef> xælxælgængæ
|
|||
|
|
denǵyzmæ tynʒync</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">черные ручьи с шумом спешат к морю</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">black streams rush noisily to the sea</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>swadony</oRef> donaw syǧdæg dæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты чиста, как ключевая вода</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you are as pure as spring water</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1967 II 39</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz cʼītījy ‘rdæg ratydta æmæ jæ jæ særyl
|
|||
|
|
cæværdta; ...jæ særæn jæ dywwæ fæjnæ farsæj <oRef>swadætty</oRef> x˳yzæn don
|
|||
|
|
taǧdīs</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Батраз оторвал половину глетчера и положил ее
|
|||
|
|
себе на голову; с головы его с двух сторон вода текла ручьями</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batraz tore off half of the glacier and put it
|
|||
|
|
on his head; water flowed from his head on both sides in streams</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 26, 28</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zauri <oRef>sawædonæ</oRef>... arf komi
|
|||
|
|
narægi kæmidær ræsogæj igurdæj zænxi bunæj, ʒæbæx særsær kodta æ guræni; ...bonigon
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sawædonæn</oRef> æ sursur, æ zard otæ ʒæbæx næ feǧusuj, ...æxsævæ ba... æ
|
|||
|
|
zællang sursur in idardmæ fæxxæssuj sabur aquz</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Зауровский источник прозрачным рождался где-то
|
|||
|
|
в глубине тесного ущелья из-под земли, он приятно журчал у истока (<q>рождения</q>);
|
|||
|
|
днем журчание, пение родника было не так хорошо слышно, но ночью его звонкое
|
|||
|
|
журчанье далеко разносил тихий ветерок</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">The Zaurovsky spring was born transparent
|
|||
|
|
somewhere in the depths of a narrow gorge from under the ground, it murmured
|
|||
|
|
pleasantly at its beginig part (<q>birth</q>); during the day, the murmur, the
|
|||
|
|
singing of the spring was not so well heard, but at night its sonorous murmur was
|
|||
|
|
carried far by a quiet breeze</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1956 VII 52, 56</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">i ǧæwgoni zurzurgængæ kæmi leʒuj
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sawædon</oRef>, æristadæncæ donʒawtæ æd kʼusteltæ sæwmigon</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на околице, где журча бежит родник, утром
|
|||
|
|
остановились водоноски с кадушками</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">on the outskirts, where the spring runs
|
|||
|
|
murmuring, water carriers with tubs stopped in the morning</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xonxæj... ǧæwærdæmæ, xormæ ærttevæntægængæ
|
|||
|
|
wadæj sawædon</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с горы в сторону аула, сверкая на солнце, бежал
|
|||
|
|
родник</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a spring ran from the mountain towards the
|
|||
|
|
village, sparkling in the sun</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>125</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wazaj bunæj togi sawædonæ cæwun ku bajdaja,
|
|||
|
|
wæd min ew mæ mælæt omæj bazonetæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда из-под (горы) Уаза потечет кровавый
|
|||
|
|
родник, то по этому (признаку) вы узнаете о моей смерти</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when a bloody spring flows from under (the
|
|||
|
|
mountain) of the Uaz, then by this (sign) you will know about my death</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>10<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1—2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">duwwæ xonxi kæmi toxuncæ, omi ci sawædonæ es,
|
|||
|
|
omæj sin ærxasta, ba-sin-niwazun kodta, ma duwwæ zærondi, ficcag sæ læqwæni kud
|
|||
|
|
adtæncæ, otæ festadæncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из родника, который находится там, где
|
|||
|
|
сталкиваются две горы, он принес им (воды), напоил их, и двое старых (старик и
|
|||
|
|
старуха) вновь стали такими, какими были прежде в юности</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the spring, which is located where two
|
|||
|
|
mountains collide, he brought them (water), watered them, and the two old ones (the
|
|||
|
|
old man and the old woman) became the same again as they were before in their
|
|||
|
|
youth</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>15<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2—4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru"><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 121</biblScope>)</bibl> полагал, что <oRef>swadon</oRef> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"><w>don</w></ref>
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">черная вода</q>. Такой анализ как будто подтверждается
|
|||
|
|
сочетанием <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/>
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>swadættæ</oRef></phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">черные родники</q></gloss></mentioned>, которое
|
|||
|
|
встречается у классика осетинской прозы <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
(см. выше), а также тюркским <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><phr><w>qara</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w>su</w></phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>родник</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">черная вода</q></note></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 133</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Поводом к такому наименованию послужило, видимо, то, что сквозь
|
|||
|
|
прозрачную воду видно темное дно и родник на более светлом окружающем фоне кажется
|
|||
|
|
черной лентой.</note> Тем не менее от такого толкования приходится отказаться. Слово
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"><w>saw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>черный</q></ref> участвует в качестве первого компонента во множестве сложных слов —
|
|||
|
|
и ни в одном случае оно не принимает форму <w>swa</w> в иронском и <w>sawæ</w> в
|
|||
|
|
дигорском: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sawbon</w>, <w>sawcæst</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawdar6æg9"><w>sawdar</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawgænd"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sawk˳yʒ</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawmær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawxīl"/> и др. К тому
|
|||
|
|
же <oRef>swadon</oRef> | <oRef>sawædon</oRef> нельзя отделять от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-swar</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawær</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>минеральный источник</q></ref>, где уж никак нельзя распознать <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"><w>saw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>черный</q></ref>. Мы рассматриваем <oRef>swadon</oRef> | <oRef>sawædon</oRef> как
|
|||
|
|
скифо-европейскую изоглоссу и возводим закономерно к
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230116T143103+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srāwa-dānu-</w> (<w type="rec">strāwa-dānu-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>текущая вода</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<c>sr</c> и
|
|||
|
|
<c>str</c> одинаково дают <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<c>s</c></mentioned>) из <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">sreu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течь</q></gloss></mentioned> с сохранением ареального европейского <c>s</c> (=
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<c>h</c></mentioned>). Об ареальных скифо-европейских схождениях в фонетике см.:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>33—52</biblScope></bibl>. — Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>srav-</w>, <w>sravati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течь</q></gloss>, <w>srāva-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течение</q>, <q>истечение</q></gloss>, <w>sravat-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>река</q></gloss>, <w>srotas-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течение</q>, <q>русло</q>, <q>река</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>struja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>струя</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang>лит.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sravė́ti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течь</q>, <q>струиться</q>, <q>сочиться</q></gloss>, <w>sravà</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течение</q>, <q>истечение</q></gloss>, <w>sraũtas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>поток</q>, <q>ручей</q></gloss>, <w>srovė̃</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>поток</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>stràva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>straumr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Strom</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>поток</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Στρυμών</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>название реки</gloss>, <w>Στραυος</w>, <w>Τραυος</w> id. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen Sprachreste</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>стр. 483—485,
|
|||
|
|
521</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sruaim</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>река</q>, <q>поток</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ῤέω</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>течь</q>, <q>литься</q>, <q>струиться</q></gloss>, <w>ῤέος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>поток</q></gloss></mentioned>. На иранской почве: <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>rautah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>река</q></gloss></mentioned> (← <w type="rec">hrautah</w> ← <w type="rec">srautas-</w> = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>srotas-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sraũtas</w></mentioned>). — Для второй части см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"><w>don</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>вода</q>, <q>река</q></ref>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-swar</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawær</w></ref>
|
|||
|
|
(<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230116T145132+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">srāvara-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>). — Из осетинского идут <mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šovda</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(мн. ч. <w>šovdanaš</w>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>родник</q>, <q>родниковая вода</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šawdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>родник</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в топонимии)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Šawdanla</w>, <w>Raxaj Šawdan</w>, <w>Šoxaj Šawdan</w>, <w>Qajsən Šawdanə</w> и др.
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Коков</author>, <author>Шахмурзаев</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Балк. топоним. сл.</title>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>стр. 73,
|
|||
|
|
418</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en"><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 121</biblScope>)</bibl> assumed that <oRef>swadon</oRef> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/>-<ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"><w>don</w></ref>
|
|||
|
|
<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">black water</q>. Such an analysis seems to be confirmed
|
|||
|
|
by a combination of <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/>
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>swadættæ</oRef></phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">black springs</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is
|
|||
|
|
encountered in the works of the classic Ossetian prose writer <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/></bibl> (see above), and also by the Turkic <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><phr><w>qara</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w>su</w></phr>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spring</q><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, literally <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">black water</q></note></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 133</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The
|
|||
|
|
reason for this name was, apparently, the fact that a dark bottom can be seen through
|
|||
|
|
the transparent water and the spring looks like a black ribbon on a lighter surrounding
|
|||
|
|
background.</note> Nevertheless, such an interpretation has to be abandoned. The word
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"><w>saw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>black</q></ref> is attested as a first part in many compounds — and in no case does
|
|||
|
|
it take the form of <w>swa</w> in Iron and <w>sawæ</w> in Digor: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sawbon</w>, <w>sawcæst</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawdar6æg9"><w>sawdar</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawgænd"/>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Sawk˳yʒ</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawmær"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sawxīl"/> etc. Moreover, <oRef>swadon</oRef> |
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sawædon</oRef> cannot be separated from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-swar</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawær</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>mineral spring</q></ref>, where it is absolutely impossible to see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"><w>saw</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>black</q></ref>. We consider <oRef>swadon</oRef> | <oRef>sawædon</oRef> to be a
|
|||
|
|
Scythian-European isogloss, and regularly trace it back to
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230116T143103+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">srāwa-dānu-</w> (<w type="rec">strāwa-dānu-</w>)
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>running water</q></gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?> (<c>sr</c> and
|
|||
|
|
<c>str</c> equally give <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<c>s</c></mentioned>) from <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">sreu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flow</q></gloss></mentioned> conserving the areal European <c>s</c> (=
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<c>h</c></mentioned>). For the areal Scythian-European similarities in phonetics, see:
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>33—52</biblScope></bibl>. — Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>srav-</w>, <w>sravati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flow</q></gloss>, <w>srāva-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stream</q>, <q>outflow</q></gloss>, <w>sravat-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q></gloss>, <w>srotas-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stream</q>, <q>streambed</q>, <q>river</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>struja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>struja</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sravė́ti</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flow</q>, <q>stream</q>, <q>drain</q></gloss>, <w>sravà</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stream</q>, <q>outflow</q></gloss>, <w>sraũtas</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flood</q>, <q>brook</q></gloss>, <w>srovė̃</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stream</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>stràva</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>straumr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Strom</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stream</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Στρυμών</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>the name of a river</gloss>, <w>Στραυος</w>, <w>Τραυος</w> id. <note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen
|
|||
|
|
Sprachreste</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
483—485, 521</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sruaim</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q>, <q>stream</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ῤέω</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>flow</q>, <q>rain</q>, <q>stream</q></gloss>, <w>ῤέος</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>stream</q></gloss></mentioned>. In Iranian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>rautah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>river</q></gloss></mentioned> (← <w type="rec">hrautah</w> ← <w type="rec">srautas-</w> = <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>srotas-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sraũtas</w></mentioned>). — For the second part see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_don_1"><w>don</w>
|
|||
|
|
<q>water</q>, <q>river</q></ref>. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">-swar</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sawær</w></ref>
|
|||
|
|
(<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230116T145132+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">srāvara-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>). — The following words go from Ossetic:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ce" extralang="inh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šovda</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(plural <w>šovdanaš</w>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spring</q>, <q>spring water</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šawdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in toponymy)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Šawdanla</w>, <w>Raxaj Šawdan</w>, <w>Šoxaj Šawdan</w>, <w>Qajsən Šawdanə</w> etc.
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Kokov</author>,
|
|||
|
|
<author>Shakhmurzaev</author>. <title>Balkarskij toponimičeskij slovarʼ</title> [Balkar toponymic
|
|||
|
|
dictionary]
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1970</date>, <biblScope>pp. 73,
|
|||
|
|
418</biblScope></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|