340 lines
24 KiB
XML
340 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">sym</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_sym" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d1772e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>sym</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>sum</orth></form>
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<sense n="1">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1772e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>звук</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sound</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>шум</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>noise</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense/>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ænæsym</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænæsum</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">без звука</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">without sound</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>беззвучный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>soundless</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бесшумный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>noiseless</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang xml:lang="os-x-digor"/></usg>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>молчание</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>silence</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>sumæj</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">молча</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">silently</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бессловесно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>wordlessly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в иронском отдельно мало употребительно, но обычно в
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сочетании </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in Iron, it is rarely used separately, but usually in
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combination </note>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>qyp-syp</orth></form>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qyp-sym</hi> для
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ассонанса)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qyp-sym</hi> for
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assonance)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qyp-syp dær nal yskodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он не издал больше ни звука</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he didnʼt make a sound any more</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">babadtæncæ ænæ <oRef>sum</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они сели без шума</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sat quietly</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/>
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<biblScope>II 1139</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ razæj cæwuj ænæ qīp, ænæ
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<oRef>sumæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он идет впереди меня без звука, без шума</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he walks ahead of me without a sound, without a
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noise</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1956 VII 51</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o, mæ rajguræn ǧæwbæstæ, o, mæ warzon cardi
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kʼum, ʒægærægæftud bælæstæ æd siftærti fælmæn <oRef>sum</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о мое родное село, о мой любимый в жизни
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уголок, покрытые цветом деревья с нежным шумом листвы!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh my native village, oh my favourite corner in
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life, trees covered with colours and a gentle rustle of leaves!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Ӕмдз."/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæm næbal cæruncæ kurmæj, — es alke æ fagæ
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baræ; næbal istuj næ kizgæ <oRef>sumæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">люди больше не живут вслепую, — у каждого есть
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достаточно прав; и наша дочь не остается больше бессловесной</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">people no longer live blindly — everyone has
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enough rights; and our daughter is no longer speechless</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">sraw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w>ḱleu-</w>
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<gloss><q>слышать</q></gloss>, медиально <gloss><q>быть слышным</q></gloss></mentioned>;
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<c>s</c> из <c>sr</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sīn</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
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<gloss><q>бедро</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauni-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sy</w>
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<gloss><q>рог</q></gloss></mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="ine">sru-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syg_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</w>
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<gloss><q>слеза</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">asruka-</w></mentioned> и др.; дифтонг <c>au</c> перед носовым сужается
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и дает <c>y</c> | <c>u</c>, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
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<gloss><q>шерсть</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">x˳ym(ællæg)</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xum(ællæg)</w>
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<gloss><q>хмель</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">hauma(aryaka-)</w></mentioned> и др. Арийские отглагольные образования
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на <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><c>-ma-</c></mentioned>, как и балтийские и славянские на
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<mentioned xml:lang="bat" extralang="sla"><c>-mo-</c></mentioned>, имеют нередко
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значение пассивных причастий: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>hauma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>soma-</w>
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<gloss>название напитка, добываемого из растения путем выжимания</gloss>, <note type="comment">от корня <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hu-</w>, <w>sa-</w>
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<gloss><q>выжимать</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, т. е. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">выжимаемое</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣāma-</w>
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<gloss><q>обугленный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>спаленный</q></gloss></mentioned> от
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<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣā-</w>
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<gloss><q>гореть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>vẽžamas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>vezomъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>везомый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>несомый</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>чтимый</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>видимый</w></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
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<biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 232</biblScope></bibl>). Стало быть,
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned>, ос.
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<oRef>sum</oRef> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слышимое</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слышное</q>, <q>звук</q>, <q>шум</q>. База <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ḱleu-</w></mentioned>- обильно представлена в индоевропейских языках
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(см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>605—607</biblScope></bibl>). Приведем только несколько семантически более
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близких фактов: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sarāyīdan</w>
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<gloss><q>петь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sarāyīš</w>
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<gloss><q>пение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разговор</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>беседа</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>sraoθra-</w>
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<gloss><q>пение (гат)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>sravah-</w>
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<gloss><q>слово</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>slovo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><w>slava</w></mentioned>; особенно же
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германские формы, восходящие к пассивному причастию <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ḱluto-</w></mentioned>, — <mentioned xml:lang="ofs" extralang="ang osx"><lang/>
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<w>hlūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>loud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>laut</w>
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<gloss><q>громкий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шумный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hlūtī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>lūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Laut</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>звук</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>голос</q></gloss></mentioned>. Возникшее в
|
|||
|
|
результате семантической поляризации значение <q>молчание</q> также сближает осетинский с
|
|||
|
|
германскими: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hljōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ljud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ljod</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>молчание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>тишина</q></gloss></mentioned>. — От
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sym</oRef> | <oRef>sum</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>звук</q></gloss> следует отделять звукоподражательное <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sym-sym</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>сопение</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>§ 149, стр. 93</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Из
|
|||
|
|
скифо-сарматского идет, по-видимому, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šumъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>шум</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Данные осетинского языка приводят к выводу,
|
|||
|
|
что иран. <c>s</c> и <c>š</c> уже в сарматском совпали в один сибилянт, имевший, во
|
|||
|
|
всяком случае в некоторых наречиях, шипящее произношение. В пользу этого говорят
|
|||
|
|
некоторые старые заимствования из осетинского в другие языки, например ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/> → <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šavi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>черный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Такое же соотношение ос. <oRef>sum</oRef> →
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šumъ</w></mentioned>.</note> — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyp-syp"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Going back regularly to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">sraw-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ḱleu-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hear</q></gloss>, middle <gloss><q>be heard</q></gloss></mentioned>; <c>s</c>
|
|||
|
|
is from <c>sr</c>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_sīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">sīn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sujnæ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hip</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauni-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sy</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>horn</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w xml:lang="ine">sru-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syg_1"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syg</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sug</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">asruka-</w></mentioned> etc.; the diphthong <c>au</c> before the nasal
|
|||
|
|
is narrowed and gives <c>y</c> | <c>u</c>, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">q˳yn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧun</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>wool</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">gauna-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymællæg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">x˳ym(ællæg)</w>
|
|||
|
|
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">xum(ællæg)</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>hop</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">hauma(aryaka-)</w></mentioned> etc. Aryan deverbal derivations with
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="iir"><c>-ma-</c></mentioned>, as well as Baltic and Slavic ones
|
|||
|
|
with <mentioned xml:lang="bat" extralang="sla"><c>-mo-</c></mentioned>, often have the
|
|||
|
|
meaning of passive participles: <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hauma-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>soma-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>the name of a drink extracted from a plant by squeezing</gloss>, <note type="comment">from the root <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>hu-</w>, <w>sa-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>squeeze</q></gloss></mentioned></note>, i.e. <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">squeezed</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣāma-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>charred</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>burned</q></gloss></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>kṣā-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>burn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vẽžamas</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vezomъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>vezomyj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>carried</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>nesomyj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>brought</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>čtimyj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>respected</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>vidimyj</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>visible</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Brugmann"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 232</biblScope></bibl>). Therefore,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec" xml:lang="ine">srauma-</w></mentioned>, Ossetic
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sum</oRef> = <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">heard</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">audible</q>, <q>sound</q>, <q>noise</q>. The base
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>ḱleu-</w></mentioned>- is abundantly represented in the
|
|||
|
|
Indo-European languages (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>605—607</biblScope></bibl>). We will mention only a few semantically closer
|
|||
|
|
facts: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sarāyīdan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sing</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>sarāyīš</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>singing</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>talk</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>conversation</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>sraoθra-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>singing (gat)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>sravah-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>word</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>slovo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><w>slava</w></mentioned>; especially
|
|||
|
|
the Germanic forms, going back to passive participles, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ḱluto-</w></mentioned>, — <mentioned xml:lang="ofs" extralang="ang osx"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hlūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>loud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>laut</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>loud</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>noisy</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hlūtī</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>lūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Laut</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sound</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>voice</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning
|
|||
|
|
<q>silence</q> resulting from semantic polarization also brings Ossetic closer to
|
|||
|
|
Germanic: <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>hljōd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ljud</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ljod</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>silence</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>quietness</q></gloss></mentioned>. —
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sym</oRef> | <oRef>sum</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sound</q></gloss> should be separated from onomatopoeic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>sym-sym</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sniffle</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="en">§ 149, p. 93</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. —
|
|||
|
|
Apparently, Scythian-Sarmatian is the source of <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šumъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šum</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>noise</q></gloss></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The Ossetic data lead to
|
|||
|
|
the conclusion that Iranian <c>s</c> and <c>š</c> converged into a single sibilant
|
|||
|
|
already in Sarmatian, which, at least in some dialects, had a hissing pronunciation.
|
|||
|
|
This is supported by some old borrowings from Ossetic into other languages, for example,
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saw"/> → <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šavi</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>black</q></gloss></mentioned>. The same correspondence is found in Ossetic
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>sum</oRef> → <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>šumъ</w></mentioned>.</note> — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyp-syp"/>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|