734 lines
52 KiB
XML
734 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tærxon</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tærxon" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230212T141111+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d1170e66" type="lemma"><orth>tærxon</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1170e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>суждение</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>judgment</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>обсуждение</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>discussion</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>решение</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>decision</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>судебное решение</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>adjudication </q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>суд</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>trial</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (процесс)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (process)</note>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>judicium</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>judicium</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tærxon kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">judicare</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">judicare</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tærxættæ kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">судить-рядить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T130147+0300" comment="такой перевод судить-рядить в мультитране"?>haggle<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">рассуждать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">argue</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tærxongænæg</orth><form type="variant"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230207T101350+0300" comment="ok что это вариант?" id="mqv_dcg_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230212T133547+0300" parentID="mqv_dcg_mwb" comment="что делать…" flag="done" mid="3"?><orth>tærxony
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læg</orth><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">судья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">judge</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">judex</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">judex</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth><ref type="xr" target="#entry_tærxondon"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">суд</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">court</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (учреждение)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (institution)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
|
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
|
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Nartæ... sæxī mīdæg <oRef>tærxon</oRef>
|
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kænync</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Нарты между собой рассуждают</q>
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</tr>
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Narts talk
|
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T130251+0300" comment="??"?>among<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
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themselves</q>
|
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</tr>
|
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
|||
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<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
|||
|
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<example>
|
|||
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sælavyr... argævstoj, jæ fyd yn baxordtoj, jæ
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carmyl ta jyn <oRef>tærxon</oRef> kodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">куницу зарезали, мясо ее съели, а о шкуре стали
|
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судить</q>
|
|||
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</tr>
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they slaughtered the marten, ate its meat, and
|
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began to talk about its skin</q>
|
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</tr>
|
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
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<biblScope>I 52</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
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<example>
|
|||
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xalon... zærdæqælʒægæn <oRef>tærxættæ</oRef>
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kodta</quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ворона для услады сердца предавалась
|
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рассуждениям (размышлениям)</q>
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</tr>
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the crow indulged in meditation for the delight
|
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of the heart</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
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<biblScope>82</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
|||
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<example>
|
|||
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyllæw nyn <oRef>tærxony</oRef></quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">стань нам судьей</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be our judge</q>
|
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
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<biblScope>88</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
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<example>
|
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adon... sæ <oRef>tærxony</oRef> arxajdtoj
|
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rastyl</quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">эти (люди) в своем суде держались
|
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справедливости</q>
|
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</tr>
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">these (people) held justice in their court</q>
|
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</tr>
|
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
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<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
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</example>
|
|||
|
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<example>
|
|||
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbaddysty æmæ <oRef>tærxon</oRef> kænyn
|
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rajdydtoj</quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они уселись и стали вершить суд</q>
|
|||
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</tr>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sat down and began to judge</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
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<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mælæty <oRef>tærxonæj</oRef> x˳ycawy æǧdaw
|
|||
|
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xalæm</quote>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">смертным приговором мы нарушаем божье
|
|||
|
|
установление</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with a death sentence, we violate God’s
|
|||
|
|
decree</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tærxon</oRef> acy nalættæn!</quote>
|
|||
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(да свершится) суд над этими негодяями!</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(let) judgment (be) upon these scoundrels!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we ʽvzag — wæ <oRef>tærxon</oRef>,
|
|||
|
|
bafīdawæm</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть ваш язык (ваше слово) будет вашим судом,
|
|||
|
|
помиримся</q>
|
|||
|
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</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let your tongue (your word) be your judgment,
|
|||
|
|
let us make peace</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>66</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæxī ʒyxæj dyn <oRef>ystærxon</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
kænʒynæn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">твоими устами буду судить тебя</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">out of thine own mouth will I judge thee</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">19</hi> 22</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr ū <oRef>tærxony</oRef> afon acy
|
|||
|
|
dunejæn</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ныне суд миру сему</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now is the judgment of this world</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">12</hi> 31</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zæj wæ fælasa, næ <oRef>tærxony</oRef>
|
|||
|
|
lægtæ!</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">да унесет вас лавина, наши судьи!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may the avalanche carry you away, our
|
|||
|
|
judges!</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tærxony</oRef> lægtæ īw ævzærst
|
|||
|
|
ærcydysty sæ æǧdaw, sæ zond, sæ ʒyxy wagy fædyl</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">судей выбирали по их (примерному) поведению, по
|
|||
|
|
их уму, по их красноречию (<q>настрою уст</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">judges were chosen according to their
|
|||
|
|
(exemplary) behavior, according to their intelligence, according to their eloquence
|
|||
|
|
(<q>mood of the mouth</q>)</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из материалов Е.
|
|||
|
|
<name>Бараковой</name></biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from the materials of
|
|||
|
|
<name>E. Barakova</name></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tærxoni</oRef> badæg adæm adtæncæ,
|
|||
|
|
rastæn xæran <oRef>tærxon</oRef> kodtoncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они восседали в качестве судей (и) правому
|
|||
|
|
выносили неправый приговор</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sat as judges and judged the right
|
|||
|
|
wrong</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 112</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæn mæ fændæ, mæ <oRef>tærxon</oRef> fedar
|
|||
|
|
ku æncæ kud ændon</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя воля, мое решение крепки, как сталь</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my will, my decision is strong as steel</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>65</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">beræ ʒubanditæj pajda næ es, fal esti
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tærxon</oRef> raxæssun ǧæwuj</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от многих разговоров нет пользы, надо вынести
|
|||
|
|
какое-то решение</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">many conversations are of no use, some decision
|
|||
|
|
must be made</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1949 II 38</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærbaduncæ <oRef>tærxoni</oRef> æd læʒgutæ æd
|
|||
|
|
qæmatæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они усаживаются для суда с палками, с
|
|||
|
|
кинжалами</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sit down for court with sticks, with
|
|||
|
|
daggers</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ænæ æ madi <oRef>istærxonæj</oRef> Zæle ne
|
|||
|
|
ʽskænʒænæj sankʼex</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">без (раз)решения матери Зале не сделает и
|
|||
|
|
шага</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">without the permission (decision) of his
|
|||
|
|
mother, Zale will not take a step</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_зӕрд."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>48</biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
|||
|
|
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
|||
|
|
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ <oRef>tærxonbæl</oRef> ewguræj dær isarazi
|
|||
|
|
æncæ</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с твоим решением все согласились</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
|||
|
|
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">everyone agrees with your decision.</q>
|
|||
|
|
</tr>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из материалов Г.
|
|||
|
|
<name>Кокиева</name></biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from the materials of
|
|||
|
|
<name>G. Kokiev</name></biblScope></bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</example>
|
|||
|
|
</exampleGrp>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">tṛkāna-</w>, <w type="rec">tarkāna-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarkaṇa-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>суждение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>предположение</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>догадка</q></gloss></mentioned> от глагола <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>tark-</w>, <w>tarkayati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>иметь суждение</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>делать предположение</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>размышлять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>думать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>делать
|
|||
|
|
заключение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>pari-tark-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>допрашивать на суде</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vi-tark-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>размышлять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>выяснять</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlъkъ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толкователь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>толк</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>толковать</w></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(устар.)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>толковник</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(диал.)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>талакать</w>, <w>таракать</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>болтать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>беседовать</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>толковать</q></gloss></mentioned>; далее: <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talk</w> (<w>thalk</w>)</mentioned> в личных именах <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>Roeme-talces</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>Si-talces</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen
|
|||
|
|
Sprachresle</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
400, 450, 488</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Георгиев</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>Тракийският език</title>. <pubPlace>София</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>стр. 63</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Russu</author>. <title>Die
|
|||
|
|
Sprache der Thrako-Daker</title>. <pubPlace>Bukurešti</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1969</date>, <biblScope>стр. 142</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tark-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to interpret</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(? <bibl><title>Language</title>, <date>1933, March</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>стр. 17</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Значения <q>судья</q> и
|
|||
|
|
<q>переводчик</q> представляются одинаково древними. Связующим семантическим звеном
|
|||
|
|
является значение <q>толкователь</q>, <q>интерпретатор</q>: толкователь обычного права или
|
|||
|
|
закона → <q>судья</q>, толкователь чужой речи или текста → <q>переводчик</q>. Как особо
|
|||
|
|
ценные люди, эти <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">интеллектуалы</q> получали от
|
|||
|
|
правителей разные привилегии и прежде всего освобождались от налогов и повинностей. В
|
|||
|
|
результате <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">tarxān</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>судья</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>переводчик</q></gloss></mentioned> продвинулось в
|
|||
|
|
своей семантике в сторону более общего значения: <q>лицо, принадлежащее к группе или
|
|||
|
|
категории свободных от налогов и повинностей</q>, вообще <q>привилегированное лицо</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>господин</q> и т. п. В этом значении оно вошло в тюркские языки:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">свидетельствуется с VII в. как
|
|||
|
|
апеллатив</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>человек, свободный от налогов и повинностей</q></gloss></mentioned> и как
|
|||
|
|
собственное имя, например у хазар <mentioned xml:lang="zkz"><w>Tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>имя некоторых правителей</gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><note type="bibl">у <bibl>Махмуда <author>Кашгарского</author>
|
|||
|
|
(<biblScope>1074</biblScope>)</bibl></note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarchan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>эмир</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>князь</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 851 сл., 854</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Шапшал</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>К вопросу о тарханных ярлыках</title>. В сб.: <bibl type="m"><title>Академику Гордлевскому</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1953</date></bibl>, <biblScope>стр. 302–316</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Minorsky</author>. <title>А history of Sharvān and Darband</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>, <biblScope>стр. 50, 99, 147</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>464</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 460–474</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Из тюркских идет
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tärxan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxani</w>, <w>Tarqan xazari</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Kartlis cxovreba</title>, <date>1942</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>стр. 99<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>darxan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>тархан</w></mentioned>; вошло и в ряд других языков. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang>Венг.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarchan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>olim judex</q></gloss></mentioned> по значению примыкает к осетинскому
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>). Отложилось в топонимии: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Тьмуторокань</w></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="grc-x-byz"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Ταματαρχα</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>taman-tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 851, 996</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 111</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Несколько иначе — <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><note type="bibl"><bibl><author>Vernadsky</author> (<title>The Eurasian Nomads...</title>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Spoleto</pubPlace>, <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
9</biblScope></bibl>:</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tūman tarkhan</w></mentioned>).</note>
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Астрахань</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Aštarxan</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="trk" extralang="zkz"><lang>тюрк.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(хазар.?)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>As-tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">резиденция асского (аланского)
|
|||
|
|
начальника</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<cit>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><title>Артамонов</title>. <title>История хазар</title>.
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
|||
|
|
357</biblScope>:</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
<quote><q>Тархан асов занимал видное положение в Хазарском государстве и участвовал
|
|||
|
|
в войнах хазар с арабами</q></quote>
|
|||
|
|
</cit>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Тарханы</w>, <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">село Чембарского уезда Пензенской
|
|||
|
|
губ., где прошло детство М. Ю. Лермонтова</note></mentioned>. Опыты истолкования слова из тюркского, монгольского и
|
|||
|
|
китайского (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 460–474</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>539–540</biblScope></bibl>) мало убедительны. <name>Шапшал</name> приходит к
|
|||
|
|
выводу: <quote><q>Термин <foreign>тархан</foreign> весьма древнего, но невыясненного
|
|||
|
|
происхождения</q></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl>(<title><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230207T113000+0300" comment="и что за цит. соч.?.." id="ovz_p2g_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230212T135435+0300" parentID="ovz_p2g_mwb" comment="это типа ибид. (выше там было "к вопросу о тарханных ярлыках")" mid="6"?><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T125933+0300" parentID="ovz_p2g_mwb" comment="а точно мы не хотим повторять?" mid="7"?>цит.
|
|||
|
|
соч.<?oxy_comment_end mid="7"?><?oxy_comment_end mid="6"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></title>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>стр. 316</biblScope>)</bibl>. <name>Doerfer</name> справедливо замечает: <cit>
|
|||
|
|
<quote><q>Offensichtlich handelt es sich bei tarxan im Türkischen um ein
|
|||
|
|
Lehnwort</q></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 472</biblScope>)</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</cit>. Речь может идти только о заимствовании из северноиранского. Вопреки Штакельбергу
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>), возможность обратного заимствования — из тюркского в
|
|||
|
|
осетинский — придется исключить. Значение <gloss><q>суд</q></gloss>, основное в
|
|||
|
|
современном осетинском языке, никак нельзя вывести из значения <gloss><q>человек,
|
|||
|
|
свободный от налогов</q></gloss>. На иранской почве следует отметить еще <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ttarkana-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>pγʼtrxʼn</w></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1939, стр. 91</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">Tarxūn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>trγwn</w>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>имя царя, правившего в начале VIII в. н. э.</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 43 сл., 61 сл.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Henning</author>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1965 CXIV 78</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Нельзя обойти
|
|||
|
|
молчанием и этрусское имя <mentioned xml:lang="ett"><w>Tarchon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<title>Энеида</title></note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ett"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в других латинских источниках</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarchon</w>, <w>Tarcho</w>, <w>Tarcon</w>, <w>Tarquinnius</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><author>Энман</author>. <title>Легенда о римских царях</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЖМНП"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1896, март, стр. 70, 97 и особенно
|
|||
|
|
98</biblScope></bibl></note>)</mentioned>. <bibl><author>Thomas</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/><biblScope>1918, стр. 122 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl> и
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Beveridge</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1918, стр. 314–316</biblScope>)</bibl> в статьях, озаглавленных <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tarkhan and Tarquiniuss</q>, сближали этрусско-латинское
|
|||
|
|
имя с термином <w>tarchan</w>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="xld"><w>Ταρχων</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>имя лидийца, прибывшего в Этрурию</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Zgusta</author>. <title>Kleinasiatische
|
|||
|
|
Personennamen</title>. <pubPlace>Prag</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>стр. 489</biblScope></bibl>, со ссылкой: <bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>5, 219</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Конечно, приходится
|
|||
|
|
считаться и с возможностью случайного созвучия. Но если учесть, что использование данной
|
|||
|
|
лексемы в личных именах имеет давнюю традицию (фракийский, согдийский, хазарский и др.;
|
|||
|
|
ср. еще фамильные имена — <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarxnišvili</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Тарханов</w></mentioned>),<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Qāẓī</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>судья</q></gloss></mentioned> как личное имя или <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Richter</w></mentioned> как фамильное имя.</note> если вспомнить о древних связях
|
|||
|
|
скифов с <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">италиками</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>27–29, 86–97, 129–131</biblScope></bibl>), то соответствие ос.
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tærxon</oRef> || <mentioned xml:lang="ett" extralang="la"><lang>этрусско-лат.</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarchon</w></mentioned> оказывается в том же ряду, что ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærgon"/> || <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Volcanus</w></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
<etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">tṛkāna-</w>, <w type="rec">tarkāna-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarkaṇa-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>judgment</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>assumption</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>guess</q></gloss></mentioned> from the verb <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>tark-</w>, <w>tarkayati</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>have a judgment</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>guess</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>meditate</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>think</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>conclude</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>pari-tark-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>interrogate in court</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vi-tark-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>meditate</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>find out</q></gloss></mentioned>. See also
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tlъkъ</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>commentator</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>interpreter</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolk</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>sense</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><w>tolkovat'</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>interpret</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(obsolete)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tolkovnik</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>interpreter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talakat'</w>, <w>tarakat'</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>chat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>talk</q></gloss></mentioned>;
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T131743+0300" comment="здесь "далее" но хз как перевести"?>see
|
|||
|
|
also<?oxy_comment_end ?>: <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>talk</w> (<w>thalk</w>)</mentioned> in personal names <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>Roeme-talces</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txh"><w>Si-talces</w></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Detschew</author>. <title>Die thrakischen
|
|||
|
|
Sprachresle</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
400, 450, 488</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Georgiev</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T131837+0300" comment="абаев на русский это не переводил"?><title>Trakijskiyat
|
|||
|
|
ezik</title><?oxy_comment_end ?>. <pubPlace>Sofia</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>p. 63</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Russu</author>. <title>Die
|
|||
|
|
Sprache der Thrako-Daker</title>. <pubPlace>Bukurešti</pubPlace>,
|
|||
|
|
<date>1969</date>, <biblScope>p. 142</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tark-</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>to interpret</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(? <bibl><title>Language</title>, <date>1933, March</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>p. 17</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The meanings <q>judge</q>
|
|||
|
|
and <q>interpreter</q> appear to be equally ancient. The connecting semantic link is the
|
|||
|
|
meaning <q>commentator</q>, <q>interpreter</q>: the interpreter of customary law or law →
|
|||
|
|
<q>judge</q>, the interpreter of someone else’s speech or text → <q>translator</q>. As
|
|||
|
|
especially valuable people, these <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">intellectuals</q>
|
|||
|
|
received various privileges from the rulers and, above all, were exempted from taxes and
|
|||
|
|
duties. As a result <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">tarxān</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>judge</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>interpreter</q></gloss></mentioned> has advanced
|
|||
|
|
in its semantics towards a more general meaning: <q>a person belonging to a group or
|
|||
|
|
category free from taxes and duties</q>, in general, <q>a privileged person</q>,
|
|||
|
|
<q>master</q>, etc. In this sense, it entered the Turkic languages:
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">is attested since the 7th century as an
|
|||
|
|
appellative</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tax-exempt person</q></gloss></mentioned> and as a proper name, for example,
|
|||
|
|
among the Khazars <mentioned xml:lang="zkz"><w>Tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>the name of some rulers</gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><note type="bibl">according to <bibl>Makhmud <author>Kashgarskij</author>
|
|||
|
|
(<biblScope>1074</biblScope>)</bibl></note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarchan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>emir</q></gloss>,
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T132401+0300" comment="князь"?>prince<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 851 ff., 854</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Shapshal</author>.
|
|||
|
|
<title>K voprosu o tarxannyx jarlykax</title> [On the Tarkhan diplomas]. In: <bibl type="m"><title>Akademiku Gordlevskomu</title> [To Academician Gordlevsky],
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1953</date></bibl>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
302–316</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Minorsky</author>. <title>A history of
|
|||
|
|
Sharvān and Darband</title>. <pubPlace>Cambridge</pubPlace>, <biblScope>p. 50, 99,
|
|||
|
|
147</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>464</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 460–474</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. From Turkic there is
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tärxan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxān</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarxani</w>, <w>Tarqan xazari</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><title>Kartlis cxovreba</title>, <date>1942</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>p. 99<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">11</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>darxan</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarkhan</w></mentioned>; it entered also a number of other languages. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tarchan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>olim judex</q></gloss></mentioned> is adjacent to Ossetic in meaning
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>). It is present in toponymy: <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>T'mutorokan'</w></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="grc-x-byz"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Ταματαρχα</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>taman-tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 851, 996</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>III 111</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">Somewhat different: <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><note type="bibl"><bibl><author>Vernadsky</author> (<title>The Eurasian Nomads...</title>
|
|||
|
|
<pubPlace>Spoleto</pubPlace>, <date>1963</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
9</biblScope></bibl>:</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>tūman tarkhan</w></mentioned>).</note>
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Astrahan'</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cv"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Aštarxan</w></mentioned> = <mentioned xml:lang="trk" extralang="zkz"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230320T002318+0300" comment="а здесь правильно lang стоит?"?><lang>Turkic</lang><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(Khazar?)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>As-tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">residence of the
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T132745+0300" comment="?"?>As
|
|||
|
|
(Alanian)<?oxy_comment_end ?> chief</q></gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<cit>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><title>Artamonov</title>. <title>Istoriya xazar</title> [History of the
|
|||
|
|
Khazars]. <pubPlace>Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>,
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>p. 357</biblScope>:</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
<quote><q>Tarkhan Asov occupied a prominent position in the Khazar state and
|
|||
|
|
participated in the wars of the Khazars with the Arabs</q></quote>
|
|||
|
|
</cit>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarhany</w>, <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">village of Chembarsky district, Penza
|
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|
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province, where Lermontov spent his childhood</note></mentioned>. Experiences in
|
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|
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interpreting a word from Turkic, Mongolian and Chinese (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>II 460–474</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Clauson"/>
|
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|
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<biblScope>539–540</biblScope></bibl>) are not very convincing. <name>Shapshal</name>
|
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|
|
comes to the conclusion: <quote><q>The term <w>tarkhan</w> is of very ancient but unclear
|
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|
|
origin</q></quote>
|
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|
|
<bibl>(<title><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230207T113000+0300" comment="и что за цит. соч.?.." id="ovz_p2g_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230212T135435+0300" parentID="ovz_p2g_mwb" comment="это типа ибид. (выше там было "к вопросу о тарханных ярлыках")" mid="14"?><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T125933+0300" parentID="ovz_p2g_mwb" comment="а точно мы не хотим повторять?" mid="15"?>cit.
|
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|
|
op.<?oxy_comment_end mid="15"?><?oxy_comment_end mid="14"?><?oxy_comment_end ?></title>,
|
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|
|
<biblScope>p. 316</biblScope>)</bibl>. <name>Doerfer</name> rightly remarks: <cit>
|
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|
|
<quote><q>Offensichtlich handelt es sich bei tarxan im Türkischen um ein
|
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|
|
Lehnwort</q></quote>
|
|||
|
|
<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Doerfer"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 472</biblScope>)</bibl>
|
|||
|
|
</cit>. We can only talk about borrowing from Northern Iranian. Contrary to Stackelberg
|
|||
|
|
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>), the possibility of reverse borrowing – from Turkic to
|
|||
|
|
Ossetic – will have to be excluded. The meaning <gloss><q>trial</q></gloss>, the main
|
|||
|
|
meaning in the modern Ossetic language cannot be deduced from the meaning
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>tax-exempt person</q></gloss>. In Iranian
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230213T133314+0300" comment="почва"?>context<?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
|||
|
|
there is also worth noting <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>ttarkana-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w type="rec">tarxan</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>pγʼtrxʼn</w></mentioned></note>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1939, p. 91</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">Tarxūn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>trγwn</w>)</note>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>the name of a king who ruled at the beginning of the 8th century AD</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Муг"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>I 43 ff., 61 ff.</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Henning</author>,
|
|||
|
|
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1965 CXIV 78</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is also
|
|||
|
|
impossible to pass over the Etruscan name <mentioned xml:lang="ett"><w>Tarchon</w>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<title>Aeneid</title></note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ett"><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in other Latin sources</note>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarchon</w>, <w>Tarcho</w>, <w>Tarcon</w>, <w>Tarquinnius</w>: <note type="bibl"><bibl><author>Enman</author>. <title>Legenda o rimskix carjax [The legend of the
|
|||
|
|
Roman kings]</title>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЖМНП"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1896, March, p. 70, 97 and especially
|
|||
|
|
98</biblScope></bibl></note>)</mentioned>. <bibl><author>Thomas</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/><biblScope>1918, p. 122 ff.</biblScope>)</bibl> and
|
|||
|
|
<bibl><author>Beveridge</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>1918, p. 314–316</biblScope>)</bibl> in articles titled <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tarkhan and Tarquiniuss</q>, brought together the
|
|||
|
|
Etruscan-Latin name with the term <w>tarchan</w>. See also <mentioned xml:lang="xld"><w>Ταρχων</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss>name of a Lydian who arrived in Etruria</gloss>
|
|||
|
|
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Zgusta</author>. <title>Kleinasiatische
|
|||
|
|
Personennamen</title>. <pubPlace>Prag</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
|
489</biblScope></bibl>, with the reference: <bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>5, 219</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Of course, one has to
|
|||
|
|
reckon with the possibility of accidental consonance. But if we take into account that the
|
|||
|
|
use of this lexeme in personal names has a long tradition (Thracian, Sogdian, Khazar,
|
|||
|
|
etc.; cf. also family names <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarxnišvili</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarkhanov</w></mentioned>),<note type="footnote">Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Qāẓī</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>judge</q></gloss></mentioned> as a personal name or <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Richter</w></mentioned> as a surname.</note> if we recall the ancient connections
|
|||
|
|
of the Scythians with the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Italics</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>27–29, 86–97, 129–131</biblScope></bibl>), then the correspondence Ossetic
|
|||
|
|
<oRef>tærxon</oRef> || <mentioned xml:lang="ett" extralang="la"><lang>Etruscan-Latin</lang>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Tarchon</w></mentioned> turns out to be in the same line as Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Wærgon"/> || <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>Volcanus</w></mentioned>.</etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|