115 lines
8.5 KiB
XML
115 lines
8.5 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tamada</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tamada" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d540e66" type="lemma"><orth>tamada</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d540e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>распорядитель пирушки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>feast planner</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тамада</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>toastmaster</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tamada ræǧ rawaǧta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тамада провозгласил тост</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">toastmaster proclaimed a toast</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Через ряд промежуточных инстанций восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dāmād</w>
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<gloss><q>зять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жених</q></gloss></mentioned>. На Кавказе жениху
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охотно поручают организационные и распорядительские хлопоты на пирушках (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хочешь получить девушку — покажи, на что ты
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способен</q>). Отсюда развитие значения <q>жених</q> → <q>распорядитель пирушки</q>. Слово
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вошло сперва в адыгские языки (через <mentioned xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>damat</w>
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<gloss><q>зять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>жених</q></gloss></mentioned>): <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>tẖāmadā</w> 1. <gloss n="1"><q>старший</q></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>жених</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>ухажер</q></gloss><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Очерки кабардино-черкесской диалектологии</title>.
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<pubPlace>Нальчик</pubPlace>, <date>1969</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
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52</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <gloss><q>глава семейства</q><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><author>Лопатинский</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">СМК</title>
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<biblScope>XII 31</biblScope></bibl>)</note></gloss>, 1.
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<gloss><q>свекор</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отец мужа</q></gloss>, 2.
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<gloss><q>тамада</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Каб.-русск.
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сл.</title>
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<pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 349</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, 1. <gloss><q>старшина</q></gloss>, 2.
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<gloss><q>председатель аулсовета</q></gloss>, 2.
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<gloss><q>тамада</q></gloss></mentioned>. Из адыгского идет <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>tamada</w>
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<gloss><q>распорядитель пирушки</q></gloss></mentioned>; из грузинского — <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>тамада</w></mentioned> и ос. <oRef>tamada</oRef>. Значения <q>старший</q>,
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<q>старшина</q>, <q>отец мужа</q> развились на адыгской почве несомненно потому, что
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вторая часть слова <c>-adā</c> стала осмысляться как <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><w>adā</w>
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<gloss><q>отец</q></gloss></mentioned>. Однако исходное значение <q>жених</q> не было
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забыто; оно сохранилось в говорах.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
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<biblScope>8—10</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Through a series of intermediate stages, it goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dāmād</w>
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<gloss><q>son-in-law</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>groom</q></gloss></mentioned>. In the
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Caucasus, the groom is willingly entrusted with organizational and managerial chores at
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feasts (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">if you want to get a girl, show what you are
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capable of</q>). Hence the development of the meaning <q>groom</q> → <gloss><q>feast
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planner</q></gloss>. The word was first adopted in Adyghe languages (via <mentioned xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>damat</w>
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<gloss><q>son-in-law</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>groom</q></gloss></mentioned>): <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>tẖāmadā</w> 1. <gloss n="1"><q>senior</q></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>groom</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>admirer</q></gloss><note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Essays on Kabardian-Circassian dialectology</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Nalchik</pubPlace>, <date>1969</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
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52</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <gloss><q>head of the family</q><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">
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(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Lopatinskiy</author>, <title xml:lang="en">SMK</title>
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<biblScope>XII 31</biblScope></bibl>)</note></gloss>, 1.
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<gloss><q>father-in-law</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>husband's father</q></gloss>, 2.
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<gloss><q>toastmaster</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Kabardian-Russian dictionary</title>
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<pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 349</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, 1. <gloss><q>elder</q></gloss>,
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2. <gloss><q>village council chairman</q></gloss>, 2.
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<gloss><q>toastmaster</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is from Adyghe that <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>tamada</w>
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<gloss><q>toastmaster</q></gloss></mentioned> comes from; from Georgian were loaned
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>tamada</w></mentioned> and Ossetic <oRef>tamada</oRef>. The meanings <q>senior</q>,
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<q>older</q>, <q>husband's father</q> developed on Adyghe basis, undoubtedly because the
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second part of the word <c>-adā</c> was reinterpreted as <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><w>adā</w>
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<gloss><q>father</q></gloss></mentioned>. However, the original meaning <q>groom</q> was
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not forgotten; it was preserved in dialects.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
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<biblScope>8—10</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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