169 lines
11 KiB
XML
169 lines
11 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tamako</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tamako" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d921e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tamako</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tamaku</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d921e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>табак</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>tobacco</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tamako dymyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">курить табак</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to smoke tobacco</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tamakodon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">табакерка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">snuffbox</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qævdyn obawyl ærbadtī, ærnadta lulæjy
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<oRef>tamako</oRef> æmæ dymy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Кавдын сел на бугор, набил в трубку табак и
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курит</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kavdyn sat on a hill, stuffed tobacco in his
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pipe, and smokes</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Arsen"/>
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<biblScope>11</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">saxary cy xabar īs? — cy xabar īs, cy,
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<oRef>tamakojyl</oRef> art ænʒarync, sækær dony kalync</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какие новости в городе? новости такие: табак
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жгут, сахар кидают в воду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what's the news in town? the news is that
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tobacco is being burnt, sugar is being thrown in the water</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>tamako</oRef> xæjræǵy xollag ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">табак — корм дьявола</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tobacco is the devil's food</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">proverb; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qazar st’ambojlag <oRef>tamaku</oRef> darǧ
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lolæj dundta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он курил из длинной трубки дорогой стамбульский
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табак</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he smoked from a long pipe expensive Istanbul
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tobacco</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<date>1940</date>
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<biblScope>III 51</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Табак ввезен в Европу в XVI в. из Америки, где его курили задолго до
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прихода европейцев. На одном из индейских наречий (карибском) <w>tabaco</w> означало
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<gloss><q>свернутые в трубку табачные листья</q></gloss>. Отсюда <mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
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<w>tabaco</w></mentioned> и примыкающие к нему названия в языках Европы и Азии, в том
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числе <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>табак</w></mentioned>. Осетинская форма примыкает к <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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(в частности, кум.) <w>tamaku</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 994</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>459</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
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<biblScope>308, 311</biblScope></bibl>). На иранской почве ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>tambakū</w>, <w>tumbakū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>tamoku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
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<w>tämākū</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope>Abt.
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III, Bd. II, стр. 285</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>tammak</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Elfenbein"/>
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<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>). На Кавказе: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>tambako</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>tamax́o</w>, <w>tamax́u</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
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<w>tammaku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>tomka</w>, <w>tonka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>tx́amka</w></mentioned>. В некоторых языках Кавказа вошло в употребление <mentioned xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>tütün</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>tutun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>tütün</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>tutən</w></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 16th century from America, where
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it had been smoked long before Europeans arrived. In one Native American (Caribbean)
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dialect, <w>tabaco</w> meant <gloss><q>leaves rolled up into a pipe</q></gloss>. Hence
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<mentioned xml:lang="es"><lang/>
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<w>tabaco</w></mentioned> and its cognates in the languages of Europe and Asia,
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including <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>tabak</w></mentioned>. The Ossetic form is related to <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/> (in particular Kumyk) <w>tamaku</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>III 994</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
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<biblScope>459</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/>
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<biblScope>308, 311</biblScope></bibl>). In Iranian languages <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>tambakū</w>, <w>tumbakū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<w>tamoku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hac"><lang/>
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<w>tämākū</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope>Abt.
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III, Bd. II, p. 285</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>tammak</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Elfenbein"/>
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<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>). In Caucasian languages: <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>tambako</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>tamax́o</w>, <w>tamax́u</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="aqc"><lang/>
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<w>tammaku</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>tomka</w>, <w>tonka</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>tx́amka</w></mentioned>. In some of the languages of the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>tütün</w></mentioned>: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>tutun</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>tütün</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>tutən</w></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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