173 lines
14 KiB
XML
173 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tomar</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tomar" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d3343e66" type="lemma"><orth>tomar</orth></form>
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tomar kænun</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">устремляться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">strive</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ratomar kænun</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">устремиться</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rush</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ринуться</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>dart</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl> — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>465<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">802</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mænæ aci marǧ kʼwar xatti
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<oRef>ærbatomar</oRef> kodta ʒæxæramæ, ma neci</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вот эта птица несколько раз устремлялась в сад,
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но неудачно</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">this bird rushed into the garden several times,
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but unsuccessfully</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сл."/></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">taumara-</w>
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<gloss><q>стрела</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дротик</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>копье</q></gloss></mentioned>:
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<phr><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T123327+0300" comment="так ок?" id="krb_wzb_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T210910+0300" parentID="krb_wzb_rwb" comment="я бы всё сделал oRef'ом, но н принципиально" flag="done" mid="1"?><oRef>tomar</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?>
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kænun</phr>
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<q>устремляться</q> означало собственно <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">уподобляться
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стреле</q>. Полную семантическую параллель находим в самом осетинском: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>nyjjarc wyn</phr>
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<gloss><q>устремиться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ринуться</q></gloss>, <note type="comment">буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">уподобиться
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дротику</q></note></mentioned>, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arc"><w>arc</w>
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<gloss><q>дротик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>копье</q></gloss></ref>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tomara-</w>
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<gloss><q>дротик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>копье</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же
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<mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>томара</w>
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<gloss><q>стрела</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
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<biblScope>III 976</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-sib"><lang/>
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<w>томар</w>, <w>томарка</w>
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<gloss><q>стрела с костяным тупым наконечником для боя соболя</q></gloss></mentioned>;
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-sib"><phr>томарóм побежал</phr>
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<gloss><q>бегом, лётом, сломя голову</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
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<biblScope>IV 414</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>III 118</biblScope></bibl>: <q>Unklar</q>.</note> выражение <phr>томаром
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побежал</phr> соответствует <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>ratomar kodta</phr>
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<gloss><q>устремился</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. далее <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">tomār</w>, <note type="comment">имен. падеж мн. ч. <w>tomāri</w></note>
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<gloss><q>дротик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>копье</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Poucha</author>. <title>Institutiones linguae
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tocharicae, I</title>. <pubPlace>Praha</pubPlace>, <date>955</date>,
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<biblScope>стр. 128</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Вполне убедительного
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этимологического анализа не существует. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
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(<biblScope>117</biblScope>)</bibl> сближал по корню с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T123842+0300" comment="иран?" id="nnn_11c_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T211028+0300" parentID="nnn_11c_rwb" comment="по форме скорее др.инд." mid="3"?><w>tuǰati</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?>
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<gloss><q>напирает</q></gloss>. <gloss><q>толкает</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T123842+0300" comment="иран?" id="wcb_b1c_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T211037+0300" parentID="wcb_b1c_rwb" comment="по форме скорее др.инд., надо проверить" mid="5"?><w>tudati</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="5"?>
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<gloss><q>колет</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">(s)teu-</w></mentioned>). В русском слово не может быть оригинальным: из
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">teumero-</w></mentioned> ожидали бы <w type="rec">тумеръ</w>. Поэтому
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приходится думать о заимствовании из скифского или сарматского. <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang>Тохар.</lang>
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<w>tomār</w></mentioned> усвоено, видимо, из санскрита.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">taumara-</w>
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<gloss><q>arrow</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dart</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>spear</q></gloss></mentioned>:
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<phr><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T123327+0300" comment="так ок?" id="krb_wzb_rwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T210910+0300" parentID="krb_wzb_rwb" comment="я бы всё сделал oRef'ом, но н принципиально" flag="done" mid="7"?><oRef>tomar</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="7"?>
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kænun</phr>
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<q>strive</q> meant <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">be like an arrow</q>. We find a
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complete semantic parallel in Ossetic itself: <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>nyjjarc wyn</phr>
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<gloss><q>strive</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rush</q></gloss>, <note type="comment">literally
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<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">be like a dart</q></note></mentioned>, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arc"><w>arc</w>
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<gloss><q>dart</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spear</q></gloss></ref>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>tomara-</w>
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<gloss><q>dart</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spear</q></gloss></mentioned>. See also <mentioned xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>tomara</w>
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<gloss><q>arrow</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
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<biblScope>III 976</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-sib"><lang/>
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<w>tomar</w>, <w>tomarka</w>
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<gloss><q>arrow with a bone blunt tip for sable
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T124648+0300" comment="?"?>hunting<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>;
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<mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-sib"><phr>tomaróm pobezhal</phr>
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T124738+0300" comment="??"?>running,
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flying, headlong<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
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<biblScope>IV 414</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;<note type="footnote"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>III 118</biblScope></bibl>: <q>Unklar</q>.</note> the expression
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<phr>tomarom pobezhal</phr> corresponds to <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>ratomar kodta</phr>
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<gloss><q>rushed</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. further <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">tomār</w>, <note type="comment">nom. pl. <w>tomāri</w></note>
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<gloss><q>dart</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>spear</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Poucha</author>. <title>Institutiones linguae
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tocharicae, I</title>. <pubPlace>Praha</pubPlace>, <date>955</date>, <biblScope>p.
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128</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. There is no completely convincing
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etymological analysis. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
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(<biblScope>117</biblScope>)</bibl>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T124952+0300" comment="???"?>brought
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its root close to<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T123842+0300" comment="иран?" id="nnn_11c_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T211028+0300" parentID="nnn_11c_rwb" comment="по форме скорее др.инд." mid="12"?><w>tuǰati</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="12"?>
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230308T125029+0300" comment="???"?>(s/he)
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presses<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>. <gloss><q>(s/he)
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pushes</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230202T123842+0300" comment="иран?" id="wcb_b1c_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230301T211037+0300" parentID="wcb_b1c_rwb" comment="по форме скорее др.инд., надо проверить" mid="15"?><w>tudati</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="15"?>
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<gloss><q>(s/he) stabs</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">(s)teu-</w></mentioned>). In Russian, the word cannot be original: from
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">teumero-</w></mentioned> we would expect <w type="rec">tymerъ</w>.
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Therefore, one has to think about borrowing from Scythian or Sarmatian. <mentioned xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>tomār</w></mentioned> acquired, apparently, from Sanskrit.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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