242 lines
17 KiB
XML
242 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæltʼamæ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml">
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<p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p>
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</publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xæltʼamæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231024T222407+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d835e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xæltʼamæ</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xaltʼama</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>xælpʼanæ</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>xælpʼamæ</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>xæmpʼalæ</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xaltʼama</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d835e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кукурузные галушки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cornflour dumplings</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæltʼamadon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">похлебка, в которой варились кукурузное
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галушки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145349+0300" comment="похлёбка"?>soup
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<?oxy_comment_end ?>in which cornflour dumplings were cooked</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nartxory ‘ssad cæmæj tajændær wydaid, ūj
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tyxxæj ʒy fyxtoj <oRef>xæltʼamætæ</oRef>; xyssæjæ īw armyʒag sīstoj, balqyvtoj īw æj,
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æmæ īw æj nyppærstoj fycgæ basy kænæ æxsīdgæ dony</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чтобы кукурузная мука была более переваримой,
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из нее варили <emph>xæltʼamæ</emph>; из теста брали горсть, мяли его и бросали в
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кипящий бульон или кипящую воду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for cornflour to be more digestible, they used
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to cook <emph>xæltʼamæ</emph> from it; took a handful from the dough,
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145534+0300" comment="мяли"?>pressed
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<?oxy_comment_end ?>it and threw it into boiling stock or boiling water</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<date>1969</date>
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<biblScope>I 82—83</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūm wazægæn qælʒæg æværync jæ razy je wazal
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<oRef/> je sūʒgæ næmyg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">там гостю весело предлагают или холодные
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галушки, или жгучую пулю</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there they merrily offer the guest either cold
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dumplings or a burning bullet</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Куб."/>
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<biblScope>187</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xaltʼama</oRef> xsiri xæccæ
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xwærun</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ем галушки с молоком</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I eat dumplings with milk</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
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<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(xwæræ) je ‘nsuværtæn isxasta xaltʼamadon ma
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sin sæ razi nivvardta ma randæj; raburdæj æ cʼasæj saw zærinsær xelagæ, agi medægæ
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<oRef>xaltʼamadoni</oRef> wældaj bastæruj æ buntæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(сестра) своим братьям принесла (котел)
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кукурузной похлебки, поставила перед ними и ушла; выползла из норы черная с
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золотистой головой змея, вылизывает до дна из котла остатки кукурузной похлебки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(sister) brought her brothers (a cauldron) of
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cornflour
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145737+0300" comment="похлёбка"?>soup<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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put it in front of them and left; a black golden-headed snake crawled out of the
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hole, it licks out of the cauldron the leftovers of the cornflour soup down to the
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bottom</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>204</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsijnæ sin æxe kʼoxæj
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<oRef>xaltʼamadon</oRef> fællævardta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахсина из собственной руки давала им кукурузную
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похлебку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsinæ gave them cornflour soup from her own
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hand</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 36</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>qatlama</w>
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<gloss><q>толстые слоеные лепешки, жареные в масле</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>II 300</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
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<biblScope>II 4</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><note type="comment">Для турецкого
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дается также значение <gloss><q>хлеб</q></gloss>:</note>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
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<biblScope>II 675</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(из узб.)</note>
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<w>qatlama</w>
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<gloss><q>сдобная слоеная лепешка</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Тадж.-русск. сл.</title>
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<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>x́älʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>x́aləpʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><w>x́alpʼam</w></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Шагиров</author>. <title>Этим. сл.</title>
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<biblScope>II 118—119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang/>
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<w>xampʼala</w></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/>
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<biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>x́oltʼam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>x́altʼam</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>галушка</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Чеч.-инг.-русск. сл.</title>
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<pubPlace>Грозный</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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167</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>x́altʼam</w>
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<gloss><q>галушки из кукурузной муки</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Перебой <c>tʼ</c> || <c>pʼ</c>
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мог произойти на осетинской почве, ср. такие пары как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntʼūxyn"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmpʼūxyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætʼūzyn"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmpʼūzyn"/>. — Тюркское
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слово производят от <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
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<gloss><q>слой</q>, <q>ярус</q> и пр. (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слоеная
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лепешка</q>)</gloss></mentioned>. Если учесть, однако, что <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">слоеность</q> налицо только в некоторых тюркских языках и
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полностью отсутствует во всех других случаях, связь c <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
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<gloss><q>слой</q></gloss></mentioned> может быть результатом позднейшего осмысления. В
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действительности же мы имеем дело с древним странствующим кулинарным термином типа
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<w>xltm</w> ‖ <w>xlmt</w> ‖ <w>slmt</w>, который распознается также в <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>саламата</w>
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<gloss><q>жидкая каша</q> и пр.</gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>II 571</biblScope><note type="comment">: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Unklar</q></note></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <mentioned xml:lang="trk"><lang/>
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<w>qatlama</w>
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<gloss><q>thick
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T145950+0300" comment="слоёный"?>layered<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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flatbread fried in oil</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
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<biblScope>II 300</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
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<biblScope>II 4</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><note type="comment">For Turkic the
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meaning <gloss><q>bread</q></gloss> is also attested:</note>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Zenker"/>
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<biblScope>II 675</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Also <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(from Uzbek)</note>
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<w>qatlama</w>
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T150125+0300" comment="сдобный"?>sweet<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T150119+0300" comment="слоёный"?>layered<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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flatbread</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Tadžiksko-russkij slovarʼ</title>
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<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1954</date>, <biblScope>p.
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487</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>x́älʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>x́aləpʼamä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><w>x́alpʼam</w></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Šagirov</author>.
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<title><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T150224+0300" comment="title is incomplete"?>Ètimologičeskij
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slovarʼ<?oxy_comment_end ?></title> [Etymological dictionary] <biblScope>II
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118—119</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>x́ampʼal</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-mokhev"><lang>Georgian</lang>
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<note type="comment">(Mokhevian)</note>
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<w>xampʼala</w></mentioned>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Макалатия"/>
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<biblScope>108</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>x́oltʼam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>x́altʼam</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>dumpling</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Čečensko-ingušsko-russkij slovarʼ</title>
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[Chechen-Ingush-Russian dictionary]. <pubPlace>Grozny</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>,
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<biblScope>p. 167</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe"><lang/>
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<w>x́altʼam</w>
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<gloss><q>cornflour dumplings</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The alternation <c>tʼ</c> ||
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<c>pʼ</c> could have occurred in Ossetic, cf. such doublets as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æntʼūxyn"/> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmpʼūxyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rætʼūzyn"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræmpʼūzyn"/>. — The Turkic
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word is usually derived from
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231031T154409+0300" comment="NB: xæccæ??"?><mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
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<gloss><q>layer</q>, <q>tier</q> etc. (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">layered
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flatbread</q>)</gloss></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. However, if one considers
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that the <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">layering</q> meaning is only found in some
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Turkic language and is completely absent in all other cases, the connection with
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<mentioned xml:lang="trk"><w>qat</w>
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<gloss><q>layer</q></gloss></mentioned> may be the result of later reanalysis. We are in
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fact dealing with an ancient wandering culinary term of the type <w>xltm</w> ‖ <w>xlmt</w>
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‖ <w>slmt</w>, which is also recognized in <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>salamata</w>
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<gloss><q>watery porridge</q> etc.</gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>II 571</biblScope><note type="comment">: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Unklar</q></note></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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