276 lines
20 KiB
XML
276 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīstær</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xīstær" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2636e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīstær</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xestær</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2636e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>старший</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>senior</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"><w>kæstær</w>
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<gloss><q>младший</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"><w>kæstær</w>
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<gloss><q>junior</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīstær kʼūx</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xīstær
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æng˳ylʒ</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большой палец</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thumb</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kæstær kʼūx</phr>
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<gloss><q>мизинец</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>kæstær kʼūx</phr>
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<gloss><q>little finger</q></gloss></mentioned>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wællag wazægdony badtysty
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<oRef>xīstærtæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в верхней кунацкой сидели старшие</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the elders sat in the upper kunak room</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xīstærty</oRef> raz mæ bon næw
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ʒūryn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">перед старшими я не могу говорить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I canʼt speak in front of elders</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>227</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæstæræj, <oRef>xīstæræj</oRef>, syxagæj,
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bæstagæj næ ʒyrd kæræʒījyl nal bady</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будь то младшие, (или) старшие, (или) соседи,
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(или) земляки, мы уже не находим общего языка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">whether they are younger, (or) older, (or)
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neighbors, (or) countrymen, we no longer find a common language</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>233</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...Barsægaty myggaǵy <oRef>xīstær</oRef>,
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dunejyl kadǵyn Bætæg</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...старший в фамилии Башаговых, всесветно
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чтимый Батаг</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...the eldest in the Bashagov family,
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universally revered Batag</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">myggægty <oRef>xīstærtæm</oRef>
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arvītæd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть пошлет к родовым старейшинам</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let him send to the tribal elders</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>234</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aka jyn wyd fyd, mad æmæ <oRef>xīstær</oRef>
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ævsymæry bæsty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ака был для него за отца, за мать, за старшего
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брата</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aka was for him a father, a mother, an older
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brother</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
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<biblScope>278</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xestær</oRef> (wæjug) kæstærmæ
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ʒoruj...</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старший (великан) говорит младшему...</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the elder (giant) says to the younger...</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>4<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">orssær Tætærtup — sæ kʼwari
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<oRef>xestær</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">седоглавый Татартуп — старший в их группе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">grey-headed Tatartup is the oldest in their
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group</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>58<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">175</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læqwan... bacudæj avd wæjugemæ ma sin
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<oRef>xestærgaj</oRef> sæ særtæ avdemæn dar rakʼwardta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша... пошел к семи великанам и, в порядке
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старшинства, у всех семерых отрубил головы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the young man... went to the seven giants and,
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in order of seniority, cut off the heads of all seven</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>28<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">13—14</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Исходная иранская модель — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-tara-</w></mentioned> (сравнительная степень от превосходной!). Суперлатив
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-</w></mentioned> предполагает позитив
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hū-</w>
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<gloss><q>приводить в движение, в действие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sū-</w>, <w>suva-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
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<biblScope>1560 —1561</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvašta-</w> означало, стало быть, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">главный деятель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">главный участник какого-либо действия (например,
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культового)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">spiritus
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inovens</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">старший (по положению
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или по возрасту)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><lang/>
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<w>xuški</w>, <w>xušči</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>старший</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><w>xušči-ё
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vrai</w>
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<gloss><q>старший брат</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xwēštak</w> (<w>γwyštk</w>)<note type="comment"> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xwēštar</w> (<w>γwyštar</w>) <gloss><q>глава</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>старший</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>наставник</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>учитель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-chr"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xwištart</w> (<w>xwšṯrṯ</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">οἱ
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ἄρχοντες</q></gloss></mentioned> = ос. <oRef>xīstærtæ</oRef> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
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<biblScope>§ 230</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>hvāṣṭa-</w>, <w>(Maralbaši) hveṣta-</w>
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<gloss><q>главный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>глава</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
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<biblScope>1942 X 599</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
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<biblScope>491</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The
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Khotanese Bhadracaryādeṣanā</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>,
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<date>1961</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="rus">стр. 61</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 61</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
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<biblScope>1933</biblScope>, <biblScope>стр. 44—60</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>hvōīšta-</w><gloss><q>старший</q><note type="comment"> (по возрасту или
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положению)</note></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi>
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относит сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>имя <hi rendition="#rend_bold">кушанского</hi> царя</gloss>
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<w>Haviṣka</w><gloss><q/></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(из <w type="rec">hvištaka-</w></note></mentioned>, как <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>имя другого кушанского царя</gloss>
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<w>Kaniṣka</w>
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<note type="comment">из <w type="rec">kaništaka-</w></note></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
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<biblScope>6—7</biblScope></bibl>). — От базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> могла существовать также форма сравн. степени <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvatara-</w></mentioned>; отсюда <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>xidīr</w> (м. род), <w>xidār</w> (ж. род) <gloss><q>старший</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><phr>xidār angix̌t </phr>
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<gloss><q>большой палец</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Слово характерно для
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восточноиранского ареала, и наличие его в Авесте может служить одним из указаний на
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восточноиранскую основу этого памятника. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
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<biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
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<biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
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<biblScope>507</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The original Iranian model is <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-tara-</w></mentioned> (comparative degree from superlative!). The superlative
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hva-šta-</w></mentioned> implies the positive
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>hū-</w>
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<gloss><q>set in motion, put into action</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sū-</w>, <w>suva-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
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<biblScope>1560 —1561</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvašta-</w> meant, therefore, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">main figure</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the main participant in some action (for example, a
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cult one)</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">spiritus
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inovens</q></gloss>, <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">senior (by position or
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by age)</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><lang/>
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<w>xuški</w>, <w>xušči</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>senior</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-pamir"><w>xušči-ё
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vrai</w>
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<gloss><q>older brother</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-mugh"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xwēštak</w> (<w>γwyštk</w>)<note type="comment"> (from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvaištaka-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-budd"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xwēštar</w> (<w>γwyštar</w>) <gloss><q>chief</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>older</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>mentor</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>teacher</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog-x-chr"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">xwištart</w> (<w>xwšṯrṯ</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">οἱ
|
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ἄρχοντες</q></gloss></mentioned> = Ossetic <oRef>xīstærtæ</oRef> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gershevitch"/>
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<biblScope>§ 230</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>hvāṣṭa-</w>, <w>(Maralbaši) hveṣta-</w>
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<gloss><q>main</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>chief</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOS"/>
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<biblScope>1942 X 599</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Jatakastava"/>
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<biblScope>491</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Asmussen</author>. <title>The
|
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Khotanese Bhadracaryādeṣanā</title>. <pubPlace>København</pubPlace>,
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<date>1961</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 61</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
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<biblScope>1933</biblScope>, <biblScope xml:lang="eng">pp. 44—60</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>hvōīšta-</w>
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<gloss><q>senior</q>
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<note type="comment"> (by age or position)</note></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bailey</hi> relates here also <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>the name of the <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Kushan</hi> king</gloss>
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<w>Haviṣka</w>
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<note type="comment">(from <w type="rec">hvištaka-</w></note></mentioned>, likewise
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<mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><gloss>the name of another Kushan king </gloss>
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<w>Kaniṣka</w>
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<note type="comment">from <w type="rec">kaništaka-</w></note></mentioned>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mélanges_Benveniste"/>
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<biblScope>6—7</biblScope></bibl>). — The base <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">huva-</w></mentioned> could have giben rise to another comparative form <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hvatara-</w></mentioned>; thence <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>xidīr</w> (masculine), <w>xidār</w> (feminine)
|
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<gloss><q>senior</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><phr>xidār angix̌t </phr>
|
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<gloss><q>thumb</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The word is typical of the Eastern Iranian
|
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area, and its presence in Avesta can serve as one of the indications of its Eastern
|
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|
Iranian source. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæstær"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
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|
|
<biblScope>507</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
|
</entry>
|
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</body>
|
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</text>
|
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</TEI>
|