233 lines
16 KiB
XML
233 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zæppaʒ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zæppaʒ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d4370e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zæppaʒ</orth><form type="variant"><orth>zæppaz</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒæppazæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4370e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>надземный или полуподземный каменный могильный склеп</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>above-ground or semi-underground stone grave crypt</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в дигорском в этом значении чаще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_obaj"/> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
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<biblScope>223</biblScope></bibl>). <oRef>Заппадзы</oRef> разбросаны по всей Осетии.
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Особенно известен <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">город мертвых</q> — обширное склеповое
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кладбище близ аула Даргавс в Кобанском ущелье, включающее более 90 монументальных склепов.
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Датируются <oRef>заппадзы</oRef> XVII–XIX вв. н. э. Типичные <oRef>заппадзы</oRef>
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представляют <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">прямоугольные камеры, сложенные из
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больших, грубо обработанных плит и камней; стены на высоте примерно полутора метров
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начинают переходить в ложный свод, характерный для горнокавказского строительства. В
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продольных стенах делались пазы, в которые вставлялись деревянные балки. На них клался
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настил из досок. Через узкий квадратный лаз в фасадной стене вносили умерших и
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укладывали их на настиле. Затем лаз закрывался деревянной дверцей с задвижкой. Так
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склеп с течением времени становился коллективной усыпальницей для нескольких поколений
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людей, принадлежащих к одной фамилии</q> (<bibl><author>Кузнецов</author>.
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<title>Путешествие в древний Иристон</title>. <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>,
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<date>1974</date>, <biblScope>стр. 97–116</biblScope></bibl>)</quote></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; in Digor in this meaning <ref type="xr" target="#entry_obaj"/> is used more often (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_II"/>
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<biblScope>223</biblScope></bibl>). <oRef>Zæppadz</oRef>es are scattered throughout
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Ossetia. Especially famous is <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the city of the dead</q> –
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an extensive crypt cemetery near the village of Dargavs in the Koban Gorge, including more
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than 90 monumental crypts. <oRef>Zæppadz</oRef>es date back to the 17th–19th centuries AD.
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Typical <oRef>zæppadz</oRef>es look like <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rectangular chambers made of large, roughly processed slabs and stones; the walls at
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a height of about one and a half meters begin to turn into a false
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230711T095137+0300" comment="или arch?"?>vault<?oxy_comment_end ?>,
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characteristic of mountain Caucasian construction. Grooves were made in the
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longitudinal walls, into which wooden beams were inserted. They were covered with
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plank flooring. Through a narrow square hole in the front wall, the dead were brought
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in and laid on the floor. Then the hole was closed with a wooden door with a latch. So
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the crypt over time became a collective burial place for several generations of people
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belonging to the same family</q> (<bibl><author>Kuznecov</author>. <title>Putešestvie
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v drevnij Iriston [Journey to ancient Iriston]</title>. <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>,
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<date>1974</date>, <biblScope>p. 97–116</biblScope></bibl>)</quote></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūs amardīs, æmæ jæ baværdtoj
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<oRef>zæppaʒy</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">женщина умерла, и ee поместили в склеп</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the woman died, and she was placed into a
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crypt</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dīssag næw! Boræty <oRef>zæppaʒæj</oRef>
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ḱyzǵy kæwyn, bajraǵy wasyn æmæ k˳yʒy qævdyny ræjyn cæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не чудо ли это! из склепа Бораевых слышится
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плач девочки, ржание жеребенка и лай щенка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">is not it a miracle! from the Boraev crypt, the
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crying of a girl, the neighing of a foal and the barking of a puppy can be heard</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 48</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg bakodta <oRef>zæppazy</oRef> dwar,
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baxyzt mīdæmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг открыл дверь склепа, вошел внутрь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Uryzmæg opened the door of the crypt, went
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inside</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>21</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw zaǧta: acæwut æmæ jæ Sofiajy
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<oRef>zæppaʒy</oRef> baværūt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бог сказал: идите и поместите его (тело Нарта
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Батраза) в усыпальницу (св.) Софии</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">God said: go and place him (the body of Nart
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Batraz) in the tomb of (St.) Sophia</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>263</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Taǯi <oRef>zæppaʒ</oRef> samajyn
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kodta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Таджи велел построить склеп</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tadzi ordered to build a crypt</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱī wyn zaǧta, næ <oRef>zæppaʒy</oRef> raz
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k˳yrdaʒ yskænūt?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">кто вам сказал, чтобы вы перед нашим склепом
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устроили кузницу?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">who told you to set up a forge in front of our
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crypt?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæk˳ydtoj (mærdtyl), stæj sæ sæ
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<oRef>zæppaʒy</oRef> baværttoj; <oRef>zæppaʒ</oRef> bajʒag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поплакали (над умершими), потом поместили их в
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их склеп; склеп заполнился</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they wept (over the dead), then they placed
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them in their crypt; the crypt filled up</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>110</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...Ḱabæmæ fæcæwʒæn, cæmæj ʒy baskara Mæxæmæty
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<oRef>zæppaʒ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отправится в Каябу, чтобы осмотреть склеп
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Магомета</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he will go to
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230711T095748+0300" comment="?"?>Kayaba<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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to inspect the tomb of
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230711T095758+0300" comment="? или просто транслит"?>Mohammed<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 100</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ragon saw <oRef>ʒæppaztæj</oRef> ungæg
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ninniwdta cʼæx ug</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">из древних темных склепов тоскливо завыл
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филин</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the ancient dark crypts the eagle owl
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howled wistfully</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Возводится закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zampati-</w></mentioned>. Сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sabad</w>
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<gloss><q>корзина</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">sapat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(из иран.)</note>
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<w>sap’at’</w>
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<gloss><q>корзина</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сундук</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>короб</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>236</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Неточность звуковых
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соответствий (<c>z-</c> || <c>s-</c>) объясняется, вероятно, тем, что мы имеем дело с
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идеофонами (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">нечто выпуклое</q>), допускающими широкое
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звуковое варьирование. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zobat" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>zobat</w>
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<gloss><q>куча</q></gloss></ref>. Об идеофонах см. под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>. Несколько иной тип идеофона имеем в <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kãpas</w>
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<gloss><q>надгробный курган</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Regularly
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230711T095851+0300" comment="возводится?"?>reconstructed<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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as <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zampati-</w></mentioned>. It is close to
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>sabad</w>
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<gloss><q>basket</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">sapat</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<note type="comment">(from Iranian)</note>
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<w>sap’at’</w>
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<gloss><q>basket</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>chest</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>box</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Arm._Gr."/>
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<biblScope>236</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The inaccuracy of sound
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correspondences (<c>z-</c> || <c>s-</c>) is probably due to the fact that we are dealing
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with ideophones (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">something convex</q>), allowing wide
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sound variation. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zobat" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>zobat</w>
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<gloss><q>heap</q></gloss></ref>. About ideophones see under the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tymbyl"/>. We have a slightly different type of ideophone in <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kãpas</w>
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<gloss><q>tombstone mound</q></gloss></mentioned>.</etym>
|
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
|