252 lines
19 KiB
XML
252 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zaz</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zaz" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2879e66" type="lemma"><orth>zaz</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">название дерева —</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">name of the tree –</note>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2879e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>тис</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>yew</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Taxus baccata</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Taxus baccata</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ветки его играли роль в поминальном обряде (см. ниже
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_zazxæssæn"/>), в христианский период название применялось
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также к вербе, <q>Salix acutifolia</q></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; its branches played a role in the funeral ceremony (see
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below <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zazxæssæn"/>), in the Christian period, the name was
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also applied to the willow, <q>Salix acutifolia</q></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>zaz</oRef> bælas komræbyn xībaræj
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zad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дерево-тисс росло одиноко у подножья ущелья</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a yew tree grew lonely at the foot of the
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gorge</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1961 II 63</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Ботанический термин, широко распространенный на иранской почве и на
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Кавказе. Применяется в разных языках к различным растениям. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>žāž</w>
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<gloss><q>вид чертополоха или вереска</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)</note>,
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<gloss><q>жесткая трава</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/></bibl>)</note>, 1.
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<gloss><q>верблюжья колючка</q><note type="comment"> (<q>Alhagi
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camelorun</q>)</note></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>чертополох</q><note type="comment">
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(<q>Carduus</q>)</note>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Рубинчик"/></bibl>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>zāz</w>
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<gloss><q>сорная трава</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-vanj"><lang>вандж.</lang>
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<w>žuž</w>
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<gloss><q>боярышник</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
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<biblScope>892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ysāyza-</w>
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<note type="comment">(= <w>zāza-</w>)</note>
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<gloss><q>трава</q></gloss></mentioned>. На Кавказе: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>žaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>ʒeʒvi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>danʒi</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Климов"/>
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<biblScope>234–235</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>zazuna</w>
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<gloss><q>боярышник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="agx ani"><lang>авар., анд., агул.</lang>
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<w>zaz</w>
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<gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>zez</w>
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<gloss><q>лиственница</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="akv"><lang/>
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<w>žaža</w>
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<gloss><q>шиповник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>saz</w>, <w>caʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>zanze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe" extralang="aqc udi"><lang/>
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<w>ccac</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>терновник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
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<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>ʒaʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>zä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>zajä</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>кизил</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шагиров._Этим._сл."/>
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<biblScope>204</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Не вызывает сомнения иранское
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происхождение. <name>Szemerényi</name> связывает с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>dužaka-</w>
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<gloss><q>еж</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<w>dužaku-</w> ← <w type="rec">žužaka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žažuka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žaža-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>γaž</w>
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<gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">geǵ(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">gaǵ(h)-</w></mentioned>). Сходное толкование у
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<name>Bailey</name>. С семантической стороны здесь все благополучно, но фонетические
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трудности значительны. Нет сомнения, что в этимологических поисках надо ориентироваться на
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значения <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">колючий</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">шершавый</q> и т. п. Именно к таким растениям применяется обычно занимающее нас
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наименование. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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(<biblScope>445</biblScope>)</bibl> дает две индоевропейские базы: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghers-</w></mentioned> in Unkrautbezeichnungen</q> и <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghērs-</w></mentioned> Stacheltier</q>. Перед нами несомненно два варианта одной базы
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со значением <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">колючий</q> в применении то к растениям, то
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к животным. В этом случае <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>žāž</w></mentioned> можно возводить к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">zārša-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ǵhērso-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zarš-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>harš-</w>
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<gloss><q>ерошиться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>щетиниться</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же
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<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ziẓ̌</w>
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<gloss><q>жесткий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>шершавый</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. За пределами арийского:
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<mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>gar̃sas</w>, <w>garšvà</w>
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<gloss><q>дягиль</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Angelica</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>gìrsa</w>
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<gloss><q>костер</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Bromus</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>gers</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Giersch</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>сныть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Aegopodium</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>hirsutus</w>
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<gloss><q>взъерошенный</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang>Сак.</lang>
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<w>ysāysa-</w></mentioned> идет в этом случае из пехлевийского. В языки Кавказа, в том
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числе в осетинский, слово вошло, очевидно, в конечном счете из
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персидского.<lb/><bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>, <title>Вопросы иранской и общей
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филологии</title>, <pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>, <biblScope>стр.
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231–234</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
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<biblScope>349</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A botanical term widely used in Iranian
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230708T135017+0300" comment="???? почва дурацкая"?>languages<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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and in the Caucasus. It is used in different languages to refer to different plants. Cf.
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<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>žāž</w>
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<gloss><q>type of thistle or heather</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>)</note>,
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230708T135054+0300" comment="?"?>hard<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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grass</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Гаффаров"/></bibl>)</note>, 1.
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<gloss><q>camel-thorn</q><note type="comment"> (<q>Alhagi
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camelorun</q>)</note></gloss>, 2. <gloss><q>thistle</q><note type="comment">
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(<q>Carduus</q>)</note>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Рубинчик"/></bibl>)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>zāz</w>
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<gloss><q>weed grass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg-x-vanj"><lang/>
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<w>žuž</w>
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<gloss><q>hawthorn</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Розенфельд._Вандж."/>
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<biblScope>892</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>ysāyza-</w>
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<note type="comment">(= <w>zāza-</w>)</note>
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<gloss><q>grass</q></gloss></mentioned>. In the Caucasus: <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>žaž</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>ʒeʒvi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lzz"><lang/>
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<w>danʒi</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Климов"/>
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<biblScope>234–235</biblScope></bibl>)</note>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>zazuna</w>
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<gloss><q>hawthorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="agx ani"><lang>Avar, Andi, Aghul</lang>
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<w>zaz</w>
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<gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>zez</w>
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<gloss><q>larch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="akv"><lang/>
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<w>žaža</w>
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<gloss><q>rose hip</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
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<w>saz</w>, <w>caʒ</w>
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<gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
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<w>zanze</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lbe" extralang="aqc udi"><lang/>
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<w>ccac</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>blackthorn</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Хайдаков"/>
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<biblScope>55</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="tab"><lang/>
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<w>ʒaʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>zä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady"><lang/>
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<w>zajä</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>dogwood</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Шагиров._Этим._сл."/>
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<biblScope>204</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is undoubtedly of Iranian
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origin. <name>Szemerényi</name> associates it with <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>dužaka-</w>
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<gloss><q>hedgehog</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(<w>dužaku-</w> ← <w type="rec">žužaka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žažuka-</w> ← <w type="rec">žaža-</w>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>γaž</w>
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<gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">geǵ(h)-</w>, <w type="rec">gaǵ(h)-</w></mentioned>). A similar
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interpretation is made by <name>Bailey</name>. From the semantic point of view, everything
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is fine here, but the phonetic difficulties are significant. There is no doubt that in
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etymological searches one must be guided by the meanings <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">thorny</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">rough</q> etc. It is to such plants that
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the name under discussion is usually applied. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/> (<biblScope>445</biblScope>)</bibl> gives two Indo-European bases: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghers-</w></mentioned> in Unkrautbezeichnungen</q> and <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes"><mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ghērs-</w></mentioned> Stacheltier</q>. We have before us, undoubtedly, two variants
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of one base with the meaning <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">prickly</q> applied either
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to plants or to animals. In this case <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>žāž</w></mentioned> can be traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">zārša-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">ǵhērso-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zarš-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>harš-</w>
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<gloss><q>ruffle</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>bristle</q></gloss></mentioned>. See here also
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<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>ziẓ̌</w>
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<gloss><q>hard</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>rough</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
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<biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Beyond Aryan: <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>gar̃sas</w>, <w>garšvà</w>
|
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|
<gloss><q>angelica</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Angelica</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>gìrsa</w>
|
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|
<gloss><q>bonfire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Bromus</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
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|
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>gers</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>Giersch</w></mentioned>
|
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|
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230708T135919+0300" comment="? много вариантов названий"?>herb
|
|||
|
gerard<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Aegopodium</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
|||
|
<mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
|||
|
<w>hirsutus</w>
|
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|
<gloss><q>disheveled</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
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|
<w>ysāysa-</w></mentioned> comes in this case from Pahlavi. In the languages of the
|
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|
Caucasus, including Ossetic, the word entered, obviously, ultimately from
|
|||
|
Persian.<lb/><bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>, <title>Voprosy iranskoj i obščej
|
|||
|
filologii [Issues of Iranian and general philology]</title>,
|
|||
|
<pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
|||
|
231–234</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
|||
|
<biblScope>349</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
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|
</entry>
|
|||
|
</body>
|
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|
</text>
|
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|
</TEI>
|