243 lines
15 KiB
XML
243 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">zyd</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_zyd" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<form xml:id="form_d1775e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>zyd</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>zud</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1775e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greedy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадность</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zyd kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">быть жадным</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">be greedy</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жадничать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>get greedy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zydyka</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жадюга</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">greedy person</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>zyd æmæ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kæræf"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жадный и алчный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">greedy and avaricious</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræǧ <oRef>zyd</oRef> kæj kæny, ḱīdærid
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zony</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что волк жаден, знает всякий</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">that the wolf is greedy, everyone knows</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ <oRef>zyd</oRef> æmæ sæ kæræfæn æmbal næ
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wydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">их жадности и алчности не было равной</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their greed and avarice was unmatched</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wydīs īw padcax æmæ wydīs <oRef>zyd</oRef>
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æmæ kæræf</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">был один царь, и был он жаден и алчен</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there was one king, and he was greedy and
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avaricious</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 372</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Būryl <oRef>zyd</oRef> baftyd, æmæ ʽsrazy jæ
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xojy awæj kænynmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на Бура напала жадность, и он согласился
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продать свою сестру</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Bur was
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<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230719T115046+0300" comment="?"?>attacked<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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by greed, and he agreed to sell his sister</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>III 114</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don g˳ylf-g˳ylf kæny, jæ kærætty dūrtæm
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færankaw <oRef>zydæj</oRef> læbūry</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">река бурлит, на прибрежные камни кидается
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жадно, как барс</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the river is boiling, it throws itself greedily
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on the coastal stones, like a leopard</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 III 30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">zūta-</w>
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<note type="comment">от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w>
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<gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. Исходное значение —
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<q>поспешный</q>, <q>быстрый</q>, <q>стремительный</q>, откуда легко могло развиться
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значение <q>жадный</q>. Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"><w>xælæfæj</w></ref> не
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только <q>жадно</q>, но <q>стремительно</q>, <q>в сильной спешке</q>. Ближайшие
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соответствия: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
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<w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>zū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt" extralang="tly"><lang/>
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<w>zū</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>быстрый</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zəvištya-</w>
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<gloss><q>быстрейший</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(превосх. степень от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>uzuti-</w>
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(<w>uz-zuti-</w>) <gloss><q>быстро вытекающий</q><note type="comment"> (о родниковой
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воде)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>ǰūta-</w>
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<note type="comment">прош. причастие от <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰū-</w>
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<gloss><q>спешить</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰūti-</w>
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<gloss><q>спешка</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>побуждение</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
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<biblScope>498</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Liebert</author>. <title>Das
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Nominalsuffix -ti- im Altindischen</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>,
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<date>1949</date>, <biblScope>стр. 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.
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Допускается связь иранского корня <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">z<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230410T183128+0300" comment="почему здесь другая u" id="lkg_r3q_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230710T133805+0300" parentID="lkg_r3q_byb" comment="не знаю" mid="2"?>u<?oxy_comment_end mid="2"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>
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с корнем <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gu-</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Reichelt</author>. <title>Awestisches
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Elementarbuch</title>. <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1909</date>,
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<biblScope>§ 68</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, который распознается в ос.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_aǧ0yjyn"><w>a-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
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<gloss><q>повадиться</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_īvǧ0yjyn"><w>īv-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
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<gloss><q>миновать</q></gloss></ref>. См., однако: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hoffmann._Aufsätze"/>
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<biblScope>I 258–261</biblScope></bibl>. — Из осетинского идет <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>zut</w>
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<gloss><q>обжора</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>III 154</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">zūta-</w>
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<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w>
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<gloss><q>hurry</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>. The initial meaning is
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<q>hasty</q>, <q>fast</q>, <q>swift</q>, from which the meaning <q>greedy</q> could have
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easily evolved. Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælæf"><w>xælæfæj</w></ref> which means
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not only <q>greedily</q>, but also <q>rapidly</q>, <q>in a great hurry</q>. The closest
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correspondences: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
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<w>zūd</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>zūt</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>zū</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt" extralang="tly"><lang/>
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<w>zū</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>fast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>zəvištya-</w>
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<gloss><q>fastest</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(the superlative form of <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">zū-</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>uzuti-</w>
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(<w>uz-zuti-</w>) <gloss><q>fast flowing</q><note type="comment"> (about spring
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water)</note></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>ǰūta-</w>
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<note type="comment">past participle of <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰū-</w>
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<gloss><q>hurry</q></gloss></mentioned></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><w>ǰūti-</w>
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<gloss><q>rush</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>motivation</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Grassmann"/>
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<biblScope>498</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Liebert</author>. <title>Das
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Nominalsuffix -ti- im Altindischen</title>. <pubPlace>Lund</pubPlace>,
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<date>1949</date>, <biblScope>p. 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The
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relation between Iranian root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">z<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230410T183128+0300" comment="почему здесь другая u" id="lkg_r3q_byb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230710T133805+0300" parentID="lkg_r3q_byb" comment="не знаю" mid="4"?>u<?oxy_comment_end mid="4"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w></mentioned>
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and the root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">gu-</w> is possible <note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Reichelt</author>. <title>Awestisches Elementarbuch</title>.
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<pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>, <date>1909</date>, <biblScope>§
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68</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, the latter is recognized in Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aǧ0yjyn"><w>a-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
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<gloss><q>get into the habit</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_īvǧ0yjyn"><w>īv-ǧ˳y-jyn</w>
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<gloss><q>pass</q></gloss></ref>. See, however: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hoffmann._Aufsätze"/>
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<biblScope>I 258–261</biblScope></bibl>. — Из осетинского идет <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>zut</w>
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<gloss><q>обжора</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>281</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>III 154</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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