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122 lines
No EOL
12 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>ælæm</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ælæm" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240205T122920+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d936e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ælæm</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d936e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ilæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d936e72">
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<def xml:lang="ru">обрядовый предмет, связанный с поминками, справляемыми в
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<mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>праздник</gloss>
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<w>komaxsæn</w> (<gloss>заговенье</gloss>)</mentioned>: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Родственники умершего изготовляют
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<oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ilæn</oRef>, нечто вроде креста или
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хоругви из скрещенных жердей, с нитями, на которые нанизываются
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пряники, фрукты, грецкие орехи и конфеты. Родные покойника везут
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<oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ilæn</oRef> на санях к его
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могиле</q>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>II 272</biblScope></bibl>)</note></quote>. Сходные
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обычаи наблюдены и у других кавказских народов. Приводим для сравнения
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мегрельский обряд, справляемый в Новый год: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Хозяин дома делает <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><w>čʼičʼilaki</w></mentioned>: берут короткую палку;
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один конец палки расщепляют и в расщеп вставляют деревянный крест. Таким
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образом приготовленное <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чичилаки</q>
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увешивают яблоками, конфетами, орехами, янтарем, шелком, серебряными
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монетами… Утром хозяин, с <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">чичилаки</q>
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в руках, обходит весь двор, произнося при этом положенные на сей случай
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молитвы</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">XXXII 3 153 сл.</biblScope></bibl>)</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">a ritual object associated with the commemoration of the
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deceased carried out during the <mentioned xml:lang="os"><gloss>holiday</gloss>
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<w>komaxsæn</w> (<gloss>the eve of the fast</gloss>)</mentioned>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Relatives of the deceased make <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ilæn</oRef>, something like a cross or banner,
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from crossed poles, with threads on which they string gingerbread,
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fruit, walnuts and sweets. Relatives of the deceased carry <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ilæn</oRef> on a sleigh to his or her
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grave</q> (<bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
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<biblScope>II 272</biblScope></bibl>). Similar traditions have also been
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observed among other Caucasian peoples. For comparison consider the
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following Mingrelian New Year tradition: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">The master of the house makes a <mentioned xml:lang="xmf"><w>čʼičʼilaki</w></mentioned>: a short stick is taken; one end
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of the stick is slit into two and a wooden cross is inserted into the
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slit. The <foreign>chichilaki</foreign> prepared in this way is covered
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with apples, candy, nuts, amber, silk, silver coins… In the morning the
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master of the house, with <foreign>chichilaki</foreign> in his hands,
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goes all around the house, pronouncing special prayers reserved for this
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occasion.</q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СМК"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">XXXII 3 153 f.</biblScope></bibl>)</def>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d936e100">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d936e102">
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<quote>wældaj kad ḱī kodta jæ mardæn, ūj īw aræzta dūǧtæ, qabaqqytæ,
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<oRef>ælæmtæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кто особенно хотел почтить своего покойника, тот устраивал скачки,
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стрельбу в цель, <oRef>ælæm</oRef>’ы”</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>one who especially wanted to honour his deceased used to arrange
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races, shooting at the target, <oRef>ælæm</oRef>s</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>148</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Слово <oRef>ælæm</oRef> — арабского происхождения, известное и
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другим кавказским народам; ср. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e191" xml:id="mentioned_d936e124" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ʽalam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e196" xml:id="mentioned_d936e129" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>alam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e201" xml:id="mentioned_d936e134" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>alem</w>
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</mentioned><gloss><q>знак</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>знамя</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e215" xml:id="mentioned_d936e148" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>alami</w>
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<gloss><q>знамя</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>флаг</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>значок</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e236" xml:id="mentioned_d936e169" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>ælæm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e241" xml:id="mentioned_d936e174" xml:lang="inh"><w>ælæm-beqhæ</w>
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</mentioned><gloss><q>надмогильный шест с белым флагом, ставится над умершим
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от ран</q></gloss></mentioned>. Начальное <w>i</w>, равно как
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конечное <w>n</w> в дигорском не выходят за рамки обычных звуковых
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закономерностей дигорского диалекта. Разновидностью той же основы является
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e247" xml:id="mentioned_d936e180" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ʽalāmat</w></mentioned>, также усвоенное в осетинский; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_alæmæt"><w>alæmæt</w>
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<gloss><q>чудо</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The word <w>ælæm</w> has Arabic origin and is known to other
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peoples of Caucasus; cf. <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e124" xml:id="mentioned_d936e191" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ʽalam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e129" xml:id="mentioned_d936e196" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>alam</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e134" xml:id="mentioned_d936e201" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>alem</w>
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</mentioned><gloss><q>sign</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>banner</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e148" xml:id="mentioned_d936e215" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>alami</w>
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<gloss><q>banner</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>flag</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>badge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e169" xml:id="mentioned_d936e236" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
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<w>ælæm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e174" xml:id="mentioned_d936e241" xml:lang="inh"><w>ælæm-beqhæ</w>
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</mentioned><gloss><q>grave pole with a white flag, placed over a person who
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died of wounds</q></gloss></mentioned>. The initial <c>i</c>,
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likewise the final <c>n</c> in Digor do not go beyond the usual sound
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regularities of the Digor dialect. A variant of the same stem is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d936e180" xml:id="mentioned_d936e247" xml:lang="ar"><lang/>
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<w>ʽalāmat</w></mentioned>, which was also adopted into Ossetic; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_alæmæt"><w>alæmæt</w>
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<gloss><q>miracle</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |