436 lines
No EOL
39 KiB
XML
436 lines
No EOL
39 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>ældar</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ældar" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240205T134444+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4002e66" type="lemma"><orth>ældar</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4002e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4002e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>господин</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lord</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4002e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>князь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>prince</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4002e89">
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<form xml:id="form_d4002e91" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ældarad</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d4002e94" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ældajradæ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4002e97">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>господство</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>supremacy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4002e108">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e110">
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<quote>næ xæxtæ, næ bæstæ, <oRef>ældar</oRef> kæmæn næj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>наши горы, наша (родная) страна, у которой нет господина</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our mountains, our (native) country that has no overlord</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>120</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e129">
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<quote><oRef>ældar</oRef> fydlæg ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>господин — злой человек</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the master is an evil person</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e148">
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<quote>acy mæsyǵy cardīs Aragwijy Erystaw-<oRef>ældar</oRef> Nugzar</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в этом замке жил арагвский эристав князь Нугзар</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in this castle lived the Eristavi of Aragvi, prince Nugzar</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>8</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e167">
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<quote>būznyg dæ dæn, <oRef>ældærtty</oRef>
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<oRef>ældar</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благодарю тебя, князь князей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>thank you, prince of princes</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e186">
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<quote>Aragwijy <oRef>ældar</oRef>, ærbad, de ’ldarʒinady fæstag bon
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ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>садись, арагвский князь, (сегодня) последний день твоего
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господства</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sit down, prince of Aragvi, (today) is the last day of your reign</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e206" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>se <oRef>’ldar</oRef> Kæsægæn Ʒasbolat… sumax xonuj aboni
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qalondar</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>кабардинский князь Дзасболат называет вас (своими) данниками</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the Kabardian prince Dzasbolat names you (his) tributaries</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>63</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e228" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>næ bælstæncæ <oRef>ældajradæ</oRef> næ fiddæltæ æppundær, nur ældaræj
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fætærsunmæ kud ærxæssæn max næ sær?</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>не терпели вовсе господства наши предки, как же снизойдем до того,
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чтобы испугаться князя?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>our ancestors did not tolerate (any) dominion at all, how can we come
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down to become afraid the prince?</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>56</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e250">
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<quote>Sadenǵyzy <oRef>ældar</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>черноморский князь</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>prince of the Black Sea</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>54–58</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4002e269">
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<quote>Sajnæg-ældar</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>владетель Сайнаг</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lord Saynæg</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>54–63</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Один из ранних аланских полувоенных, полусословных терминов (см.
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также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w>xsīn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymætæg"/>). Восходит к периоду военной
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демократии. Впечатление, которое производила на соседей военная организация
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алан, способствовало проникновению этого слова в венгерский и монгольский.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e632" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e299" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>aladár</w>
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<gloss><q>centurio cohortis praetoriae</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>Gardekapitän</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>начальник
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охраны</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>primarius</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(в XII—XIV вв. употребительное собственное имя среди
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венгерской знати)</note></mentioned> некоторыми считается усвоенным из
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аланского (<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
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<biblScope>V 314</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>). Попытка объяснить венгерское слово из
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германского (<bibl>Z. <author>Gombocz</author> és J. <author>Melich</author>.
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<title>Маgyar etym. szótár</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
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57—58</biblScope></bibl>) также заслуживает внимания. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e674" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e341" xml:lang="hu"><lang>Венг.</lang>
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<w>aladár</w></mentioned> интересно между прочим тем, что оно в своем
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значении (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">начальник охраны</q></gloss>)
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ясно указывает на военное происхождение этого слова, получившего впоследствии
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более широкую социальную значимость. Трудно оспаривать также связь <lang xml:lang="os"/>
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<oRef>ældar</oRef> с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e679" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e346" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
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<w>aldar</w></mentioned>. В калмыцком имеем полное совпадение значения:
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e684" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e351" xml:lang="xal"><lang/>
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<w>aldar</w>
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<gloss><q>господин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e692" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e359" xml:lang="xal"><w>χārḷdac aldṛ</w>
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<gloss><q>милостивый государь</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Rаmstеdt</author>. <title>Kalmükisches
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Wörterbuch</title>, <date>1935</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 6</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Другие
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монгольские языки дают значение <gloss><q>слава</q></gloss> (это значение
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налично и в калмыцком). Так как понятие <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">славы</q> было в ту эпоху нераздельно связано у алан и монголов с военной
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деятельностью, то это расхождение значения не может служить препятствием к
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сближению монгольского и осетинского слова, тем более что алано-монгольские
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языковые связи подтверждаются другими фактами (см., например, эпические
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собственные имена <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xæmyc"><w>Xæmyc</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Batraz"><w>Batraz</w></ref>). Слово <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e679" xml:lang="mn"><w>aldar</w></mentioned> не
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разъясняется средствами ни венгерского, ни монгольского языков. По предложенному
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нами разъяснению, <oRef>ældar</oRef> — сложное слово из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"><w>arm</w>
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<gloss><q>рука</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"><w>daryn</w>
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<gloss><q>держать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>иметь</q></gloss></ref>, буквально
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<gloss><q>рукодержец</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Handhaber</q></gloss>; ср.
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e711" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e375" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>ærm daryn</phr>
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<gloss><q>покровительствовать</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>протежировать</q></gloss></mentioned>; <w type="rec">ærmdar</w> закономерно упростилось в <w>ældar-</w>; для выпадения <c>m</c>
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ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærxūd"><w>ærxūd</w>
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<gloss><q>перчатка</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(из <w>ærmxud</w>, буквально <gloss><q>шапка
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руки</q></gloss>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærʒæf" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>ærʒæf</w>
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<gloss><q>хлопанье в ладоши</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(из <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæf"><w>cæf</w>
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<gloss><q>удар</q></gloss></ref>)</note></ref>; для диссимиляции
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двух <c>r</c> с переходом первого в <c>l</c> ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyldær"><w>fyldær</w>
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<gloss><q>больше</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <w>fyr-dær</w></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lædærun"><w>lædærun</w>
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<gloss><q>выливать</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <w>ræ-daryn</w></note></ref> и многие другие; до сих
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пор в дигорских говорах встречается форма без диссимиляции: <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ærdar</oRef> (отмечена также <name>Шегреном</name> и
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Вс. <name>Миллером</name>); эта же форма отложилась в одном топонимическом
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названии в горной Кабарде: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e738" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e402" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>Rdar-nәǧәš</w>
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<note type="comment">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e743" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e407" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>Ærdary nyxas</w></mentioned></note>
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<gloss><q>место княжеского совета</q></gloss></mentioned>; в
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скифо-сарматскую эпоху форма <w>ærdar</w>, <w>’άρδαρος</w> (см. ниже) была
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господствующей. Если со стороны звуковой предложенное разъяснение вполне
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приемлемо, то еще меньше возражений оно может встретить со стороны семантической
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(<gloss><q>рукодержец</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>князь</q></gloss>). Рука
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издревле служила символом власти; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e751" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e415" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>qol</w>
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<gloss><q>рука</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e760" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e424" xml:lang="tr"><w>qol hurnaq</w>
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<gloss><q>править</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>побеждать</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e774" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e438" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
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<w>qolavuz</w>
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<gloss><q>предводитель</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>вождь</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e788" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e452" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xeli</w>
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<gloss><q>рука</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e796" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e460" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xelmc’ipe</w>
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<gloss><q>царь</q></gloss> (буквально <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">рукой
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достигающий</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e805" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e469" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xelis upali</w>
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<gloss><q>властитель</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>правитель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e819" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e483" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>xelosani</w>
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<gloss><q>старшина</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чубинов"/>
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<biblScope>1734–1737</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e831" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e495" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dast</w>
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<gloss><q>рука</q></gloss>, а также <gloss><q>могущество</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>власть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e854" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e518" xml:lang="fa"><phr>dast bar āvurdan</phr>
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<gloss><q>побеждать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e862" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e526" xml:lang="fa"><phr>dast dāštan</phr>
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<gloss><q>иметь верх</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e870" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e534" xml:lang="fa"><phr>dast yāftan</phr>
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<gloss><q>брать верх</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>побеждать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e884" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e548" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dast-gīr</w>
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<gloss><q>покровитель</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п. Иранское (осетинское)
|
||
происхождение слова и его почтенная древность решительно подтверждаются
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e893" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e557" xml:lang="xsc"><lang xml:lang="xsc">скифскими</lang>
|
||
<gloss>собственными именами</gloss>
|
||
<w>Ἄρδαρος</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(неоднократно встречается в надписях Танаиды, единично
|
||
— Горгиппии, Феодосии и Кубанской области)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e898" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e562" xml:lang="xsc"><w>Ἀρδάραχος</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<w>Ardar</w> с излюбленным иранским <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>суффиксом</gloss>
|
||
<m>-ak</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e903" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e567" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Ἀρδαρίσχος</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<w>Ardar</w> с греческим <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><gloss>суффиксом</gloss>
|
||
<m>-σχоς</m></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 29, 404, 427, 438, 441, 442, 445, 446, 448</biblScope></bibl>.
|
||
— <bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЖМНП"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1886, окт., стр. 245</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/>
|
||
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>). В качестве собственного имени
|
||
<w>aldar</w> появляется также в венгерских (см. выше) и монгольских
|
||
памятниках (имя одного губернатора в XIII в.). Женским эквивалентом
|
||
<oRef>ældar</oRef>’a является другое старое иранское наименование — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æxsīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>госпожа</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>княгиня</q></gloss></ref> q. v. См.
|
||
также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"><w>æfsīn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хозяйка</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"><w>wacajrag</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>раб</q></gloss></ref>. Этимологию составных частей слова
|
||
<oRef>ældar</oRef> см. под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"/>. Случайно ли созвучие <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e933" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e597" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">arδār</w> (<w>ʼrδʼr</w>) <gloss><q>владение</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>имение</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
|
||
<biblScope>245</biblScope></bibl>)?<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>39, 63–64, 85, 154, 163, 199, 251</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">One of the early Alanian semi-military, semi-class terms (see
|
||
also<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w>xsīn</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0ymætæg"/>). It dates back to the period of
|
||
military democracy. The impression that the Alan military organization made on
|
||
their neighbors contributed to the transfer of this word into Hungarian and
|
||
Mongolian. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e299" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e632" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>aladár</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>centurio cohortis praetoriae</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>Gardekapitän</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>head of the
|
||
guard</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>primarius</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(a widespread given name among Hungarian noblemen in
|
||
the 12th–14th centuries)</note></mentioned> and is considered to have
|
||
been adopted from Alan (<bibl><author>Munkácsi</author>
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
||
<biblScope>V 314</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>16</biblScope></bibl>). The attempt at a Germanic etymology for
|
||
the Hungarian word (<bibl>Z. <author>Gombocz</author> és J.
|
||
<author>Melich</author>. <title>Magyar etym. szótár</title>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 57—58</biblScope></bibl>) is noteworthy as well.
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e341" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e674" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>aladár</w></mentioned> is also interesting in that its meaning (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">head of the guard</q></gloss>) clearly
|
||
indicates the military origin of this word, which subsequently acquired wider
|
||
social significance. It is also difficult to doubt the connection between the
|
||
Ossetic <oRef>ældar</oRef> with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e346" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e679" xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>aldar</w></mentioned>. In Kalmyk, we find complete equivalence in
|
||
meaning: <mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e351" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e684" xml:lang="xal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>aldar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>master</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e359" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e692" xml:lang="xal"><w>χārḷdac aldṛ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240205T133321+0300" comment="милостивый государь (form of address)"?>kind
|
||
sir<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ramstedt</author>. <title>Kalmükisches
|
||
Wörterbuch</title>, <date>1935</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 6</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Other Mongolian
|
||
languages provide the meaning <gloss><q>glory</q></gloss> (this meaning is
|
||
also present in Kalmyk). Since the concept of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">glory</q> in that era is inseparably related to military activity among the
|
||
Alans and Mongols, this discrepancy in meaning cannot be an obstacle to making a
|
||
connection between the Mongolian and Ossetic words, especially since
|
||
Alano-Mongolian linguistic relations can be confirmed by other facts (see e.g.
|
||
the epic proper names <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Xæmyc"><w>Xæmyc</w></ref>,
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_Batraz"><w>Batraz</w></ref>). The word
|
||
<w>aldar</w> cannot be accounted for neither within Hungarian nor within
|
||
Mongolian. According to our explanation, <oRef>ældar</oRef> is a compound word
|
||
from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"><w>arm</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>arm</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"><w>daryn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>keep</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>have</q></gloss></ref>, literally
|
||
<gloss><q>hand-keeper</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>Handhaber</q></gloss>; cf.
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e375" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e711" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>ærm daryn</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>to patronize</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to
|
||
favour</q></gloss></mentioned>; <w type="rec">ærmdar</w> naturally
|
||
simplified to <oRef>ældar-</oRef>; for the elision of <c>m</c> cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærxūd"><w>ærxūd</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>glove</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(from <w>ærmxud</w>, literally <gloss><q>cap of
|
||
hand</q></gloss>)</note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærʒæf" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ærʒæf</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>clapping of hands</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæf"><w>cæf</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>hit</q></gloss></ref>)</note></ref>; for dissimilation of
|
||
two <c>r</c> sounds accompanied by the change of the first one into <c>l</c> cf.
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyldær"><w>fyldær</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>more</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <w>fyr-dær</w></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lædærun"><w>lædærun</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>pour out</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <w>ræ-daryn</w></note></ref> and many others; even
|
||
now some Digor varieties have a form without dissimilation: <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">ærdar</oRef> (noted also by <name>Sjögren</name> and
|
||
Ws. <name>Miller</name>); the same form was fixed in one toponymic name in
|
||
mountainous Kabarda: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e402" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e738" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Rdar-nәǧәš</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e407" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Ærdary nyxas</w></mentioned></note>
|
||
<gloss><q>seat of the princely council</q></gloss></mentioned>; in the
|
||
Scythian-Sarmatian era, the form <w>ærdar</w>, <w>'άρδαρος</w> (see below) was
|
||
dominant. While the proposed account is quite acceptable phonetically, it can
|
||
face even fewer objections from the semantic point of view
|
||
(<gloss><q>arm-keeper</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>prince</q></gloss>). Since
|
||
ancient times, the hand has served as a symbol of power; compare <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e415" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e751" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>qol</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>arm</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e424" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e760" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>qol hurnaq</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>to rule</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to defeat</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e438" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e774" xml:lang="tr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>qolavuz</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>leader</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>chief</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e452" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e788" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xeli</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>arm</q></gloss></mentioned> — <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e460" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e796" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xelmc’ipe</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>king</q></gloss> (literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">reaching with a
|
||
hand</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e469" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e805" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xelis upali</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sovereign</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ruler</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e483" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e819" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xelosani</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>foreman</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Чубинов"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1734—1737</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>;
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e495" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e831" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dast</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>arm</q></gloss>, and also <gloss><q>might</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>power</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e518" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e854" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>dast bar
|
||
āv<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240205T134106+0300" comment="should be a? but clearly printed as u"?>u<?oxy_comment_end ?>rdan</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>to win</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e526" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e862" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>dast dāštan</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>to have the upper hand</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e534" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e870" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>dast yāftan</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>to take the upper hand</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to
|
||
defeat</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e548" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e884" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dast-gīr</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>patron</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The Iranian (Ossetic) origin
|
||
of the word and its venerable antiquity are strongly confirmed by the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e557" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e893" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<gloss>proper names</gloss>
|
||
<w>Ἄρδαρος</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(repeatedly found in the inscriptions of Tanais, once
|
||
in Gorgippia, Theodosia and the Kuban region)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e562" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e898" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Ἀρδάραχος</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<w>Ardar</w> with the frequent Iranian <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><gloss>suffix</gloss>
|
||
<w>-ak</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e567" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e903" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Ἀρδαρίσχος</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<w>Ardar</w> with the Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><gloss>suffix</gloss>
|
||
<w>-σχος</w></mentioned>)</note></mentioned> (see <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Латышев"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 29, 404, 427, 438, 441, 442, 445, 446, 448</biblScope></bibl>.
|
||
— <bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЖМНП"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1886, Oct., p. 245</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._Ir._i._S."/>
|
||
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>). As a proper name <w>aldar</w> also
|
||
appears in Hungarian (see above) and Mongolian texts (name of a governor in the
|
||
13th century). The female counterpart to <oRef>ældar</oRef> is another old
|
||
Iranian word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsīn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">æxsīnæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>lady</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>princess</q></gloss></ref> q. v. See
|
||
also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsīn"><w>æfsīn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>lady</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wacajrag"><w>wacajrag</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>slave</q></gloss></ref>. For the etymology of constituent parts of
|
||
<oRef>ældar</oRef> see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arm"/> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"/>. Is the similarity to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4002e597" xml:id="mentioned_d4002e933" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">arδār</w> (<w>ʼrδʼr</w>) <gloss><q>possession</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>property</q></gloss></mentioned> accidental (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TSP"/>
|
||
<biblScope>245</biblScope></bibl>)?<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>39, 63–64, 85, 154, 163, 199, 251</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |