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16 KiB
XML
200 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆrxæcyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7rxæcyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5458e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆrxæcyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d5458e68" type="participle"><orth>ᵆrxæcyd</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5458e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ærxwæcun</orth><form xml:id="form_d5458e73" type="participle"><orth>arxwæst</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5458e76"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>перхать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cough</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d5458e86">
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<form xml:id="form_d5458e88" type="lemma"><orth>ferxæcyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5458e91"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поперхнуться</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">choke</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d5458e104">
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<form xml:id="form_d5458e106" type="lemma"><orth>ᵆrxæcgæ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒūryn">ʒūryn</ref></orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5458e112"><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">говорить заикаясь</q>
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</tr><tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">falter</q>
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</tr></sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5458e126">
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<example xml:id="example_d5458e128">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw læg wazægwaty xærgæ-xæryn
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<oRef>ferxæcyd</oRef> æmæ jæ ūcy saxat fysym færsy: — Wædæ nyr cal ævsymæry stūt?—
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Ūj jæm nyqq˳yrttytæ gængæ, tyxamælttæj ʒūry: — Kæd ma æz fervæzon, wæd ærtæ qælækk
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stæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">один человек, (будучи) в гостях, во время еды
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поперхнулся, и как раз в этот момент хозяин спрашивает его: — Сколько же вас теперь
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братьев? — Тот, судорожно глотая, с трудом говорит ему: — Если я еще спасусь, то нас
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трое</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one person, while visiting, choked while
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eating, and just at that moment the owner asks him: – How many of you
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<?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T112623+0300" comment="не уверена в переводе"?>are
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brothers<?oxy_comment_end ?>? – He says to him with difficulty, swallowing
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convulsively: – If I get saved, then there are three of us</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 312</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5458e157">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ ʒyrdtæ jæ ʒyxæj <oRef>ærxæcgæ</oRef>
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cydysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его слова выходили из его уст с поперхиванием
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(как бы заикаясь)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his words came out of his mouth with a cough
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(as if stuttering)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5458e182">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Særæbi, cyma jyl kʼæzænæg baxæcyd ūjaw
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<oRef>ferxæc-ferxæcgængæ</oRef> ʒyrdta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Сараби, как будто к нему пристало заикание,
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говорил запинаясь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sarabi spoke haltingly, as if stuttering had
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stuck to him.</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 IV 69</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5458e207">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mada mīdæmæ baxyzt æmæ cydær ysʒurynmæ qavyd,
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fælæ <oRef>ferxæcyd</oRef>, læppūjy cʼæxtæ æmæ tugærxæmttæj k˳y fedta wæd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Мада вошла внутрь и хотела что-то сказать, но
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запнулась, когда увидела мальчика в синяках и окровавленного</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mada went inside and wanted to say something,
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but stumbled when she saw the boy covered in bruises and blood-stained</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1967 XII 36</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5458e232" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rewi ǧæntæbæl ærbalqevinæ æznagi tuxgin, ʽma
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<oRef>ferxwæcidæ</oRef> mæ togi ʽrtæxæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">к ранам груди я прижал бы сильно врага, чтобы
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он поперхнулся каплями моей крови</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I would press the enemy hard to my chest wounds
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so that he chokes on drops of my blood</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">перевод <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Песни о соколе</q> М. Горького;</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">translation of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Songs
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about the falcon</q> by M. Gorky;</note>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1936 II 35</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">С закономерной метатезой <c>xr</c> → <c>rx</c> восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e435" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e278" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xrač-</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e439" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e282" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xrak-</w></mentioned> и примыкает к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e448" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e286" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>chrakati</w>, <w>chračǫ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e455" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e294" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>хракати</w>, <w>храчу</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
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<biblScope>III 1395</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e470" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e309" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>хракать</w>, <w>харкать</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e477" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e316" xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>харчатъ</w>
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<gloss><q>хрипеть</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
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<biblScope>IV 543</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Звукоподражательной
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природы. Созвучные слова в других языках предполагают, по-видимому, не общий источник или
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заимствование, а <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">элементарное</q> родство: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e500" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e335" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>kràkt</w>
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<gloss><q>храпеть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хрипеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e511" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e346" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>krañkti</w>
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<gloss><q>храпеть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>фыркать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e522" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e358" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kharj-</w>
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<gloss><q>скрипеть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e530" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e366" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>xrkʼal</w>
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<gloss><q>храпеть</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(cp.: <bibl><author>Merlingen</author>, <title>Die Sprache</title>
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<date>1958</date>
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<biblScope>IV 6651</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; далее <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e550" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e386" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>krákog</w>
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<gloss><q>откашливаться</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>отхаркиваться</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e562" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e397" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>крякать</w>, <w>крякнуть</w>, <w>кракать</w>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 654</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Дигорская форма
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<oRef>ærxwæcun</oRef> — результат контаминации с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæcyn">(<w>xæcyn</w> | ) <w>xwæcun</w>
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<gloss><q>держать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">With regular metathesis <c>xr</c> → <c>rx</c> traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e278" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e435" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xrač-</w></mentioned> ← <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e282" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e439" xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xrak-</w></mentioned> and <?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T113014+0300" comment="?"?>adjoins<?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e286" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e448" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>chrakati</w>, <w>chračǫ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e294" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e455" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>xrakati</w>, <w>xraču</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Срезневский"/>
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<biblScope>III 1395</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e309" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e470" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>xrakatʼ</w>, <w>xarkatʼ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e316" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e477" xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>xarčatʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>wheeze</q></gloss><note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
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<biblScope>IV 543</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It has onomatopoeic
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nature.
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<?oxy_comment_start author="Irene" timestamp="20220406T113125+0300" comment="?"?>Similarly
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sounding<?oxy_comment_end ?> words in other languages do not seem to imply a common source
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or borrowing, but an <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">elementary</q> relationship:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e335" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e500" xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>kràkt</w>
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<gloss><q>snore</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wheeze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e346" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e511" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>krañkti</w>
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<gloss><q>snore</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>snort</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e358" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e522" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kharj-</w>
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<gloss><q>creak</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e366" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e530" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>xrkʼal</w>
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<gloss><q>snore</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(cf.: <bibl><author>Merlingen</author>, <title>Die Sprache</title>
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<date>1958</date>
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<biblScope>IV 6651</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; see also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e386" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e550" xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>krákog</w>
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<gloss><q>clear one’s throat</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>expectorate</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5458e397" xml:id="mentioned_d5458e562" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>krjakatʼ</w>, <w>krjaknutʼ</w>, <w>krakatʼ</w>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 654</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — The Digor form
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<oRef>ærxwæcun</oRef> is the result of contamination with <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæcyn">(<w>xæcyn</w> | ) <w>xwæcun</w>
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<gloss><q>hold</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>grasp</q></gloss></ref>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |