369 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
369 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsædyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_7xsædyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d5514e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsædyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ᵆxsæst</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsædun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>æxsast</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5514e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>очищать от ненужного: срубленное дерево от сучьев, поле от камней и т. п.</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>clean from unnecessary things: a cut-down tree from branches, a field from stones,
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etc.</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расчищать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>clear</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>очищать от кожуры</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>peel</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лущить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>husk</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">в дигорском также </note>
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<q>полоть</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<note type="comment">in Digor, also </note>
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<q>to weed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rūvyn"/>)</note>
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</sense>
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<re xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form type="lemma"><usg><lang/></usg><orth>æxsædæntæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">время прополки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">weeding time</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (и. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (Iron <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">rūvæntæ</w></mentioned>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ænæxsæst</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(о человеке) </note>
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">неотесанный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment">(human) </note>
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">uncouth</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>невежа</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>cad</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хам</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>boor</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraʒ īw) bælæstæ æd wīdægtæ syskʼ˳ydta, sæ
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xīxtæ īw syn <oRef>axsæsta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Батраз) вырывал деревья с корнями, очищал их
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от сучьев</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(Batraz) pulled out trees with roots, cleared
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them of branches</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza arvysta jæ caǧarty ugærdæntæ
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<oRef>xsædynmæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Заза послал своих слуг очищать покосные участки
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(от камней и пр.)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Zaza sent his servants to clean the mowing
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areas (from stones, etc.)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>81</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ymzæxx jæ bakænyny aǧommæ syǧdæg kodtoj
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cydæriddær æj qyg dardta, ūdonæj, <oRef>æxsæstoj</oRef> x˳yrtæ, kʼūtærtæ, pyxsytæ;
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æppæt ūcy k˳yst xwiny x˳ym <oRef>æxsædyn</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пахотный участок перед пахотой очищали от
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всего, что наносит ему ущерб: очищали от камней, от кустов, от бурьяна; вся эта
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работа называлась <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">before plowing, the arable area was cleared of
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everything that was damaging to it: it was cleared of stones, bushes, weeds; all
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this work was called <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">x˳ym æxsædyn</hi></q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1967 V 64</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xuskʼ æ kʼalewtæ <oRef>æxsast</oRef>
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fæcæncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они закончили очистку (деревьев) от засохших
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сучьев</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they finished clearing (trees) of withered
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limbs</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СД"/>
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<biblScope>1959, № 46</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæjtæ ma næxecæn igwærdæn
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<oRef>raxsædæn</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">давайте расчистим себе сенокос</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">letʼs clear our haymaking area</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 92</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼwære ew xatt cæwuncæ nædtæ
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<oRef>æxsædunmæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раз в неделю выходят расчищать дороги</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">once a week (they) go out to clear the
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roads</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
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<biblScope>271<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">2</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæxæratæ æxsæduni fudæj kærdægi buni
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isæfuncæ...; xumtæ dær qæbær <oRef>æxsædujnag</oRef> æncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">огороды без прополки гибнут под (сорной)
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травой...; и нивы сильно нуждаются в прополке</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">gardens perish under (weedy) grass without
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weeding...; and the fields are in dire need of weeding</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
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<biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsædæntæ</oRef> ærqærttæncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">настало время прополки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the time came to weed</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
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<biblScope>282<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">1</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ew <oRef>æxsast</oRef> fæcan, dukkag
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rajdædtan</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одну прополку мы закончили, начали вторую</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we finished one weeding, started the second
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one</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/>
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<biblScope>280<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>nixsastan</oRef> nad næ gærztæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы расчистили дорогу нашим оружием</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we cleared the way with our arms</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Sam."/>
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<biblScope>149</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wæ, lægtæ, lægtæ! ka win bafærazʒænæj
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<oRef>isæxsædun</oRef> wæ zærdi bun!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о мужчины, мужчины! кто сможет раскопать
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глубины вашего сердца!</q>
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||
</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">o men, men! who can unearth the depths of your
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heart!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>77— 78</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Исходное значение было, вероятно, <q>среза́ть</q> (сучья с дерева и
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т.п.), <q>отсекать</q>, <q>отбрасывать</q> (сорняки и т. п.). Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣad-</w>
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<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>разреза́ть</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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Древнеиндийско-скифский глагол можно вывести из изоляции, если допустить, что он восходит
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к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kedénti</w>
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<gloss><q>дергать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>трепать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
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<gloss><q>щепка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
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<w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
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<w>scatter</w>
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<gloss><q>разбрасывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
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<gloss><q>разбрасываю</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
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<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Колебание <c>kš</c>, <c>xš</c>
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|| <c>sk</c> — как в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
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<gloss><q>гнида</q></gloss></ref>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
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<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
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<gloss><q>свист</q></gloss></ref> и др. Проблематичным остается сближение <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṣadman-</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) с
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>šanman-</w>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">лезвие</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
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<biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
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<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
|
||
<pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
||
269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
|
||
<biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). Ожидали бы <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. База <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> могла быть удлинением <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>резать</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
||
<biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>рвать</q></gloss></mentioned> реконструирует <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, стр.
|
||
87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">The original meaning was probably <q>cut down</q> (branches from a
|
||
tree, etc.), <q>cut off</q>, <q>throw away</q> (weeds etc.). Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kṣad-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>slit</q></gloss></mentioned>. The Old
|
||
Indic-Scythian verb can be taken out of isolation if one assume that it goes back to
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kedénti</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>pull</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wag</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>skederva</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sliver</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
||
<w>škedens</w></mentioned> id., <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>scatter</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>scatter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>σϰεδάννυμι</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>I scatter</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Uhlenbeck"/>
|
||
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The alternation <c>kš</c>,
|
||
<c>xš</c> || <c>sk</c> is as in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>likṣa-</w></mentioned> || Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lyskʼ"><w>lyskʼ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>nit</q></gloss></ref>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsītt"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">xsītt</w>
|
||
<w xml:lang="os-x-digor">skʼot</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>whistling</q></gloss></ref> etc. Problematic is the rapproachment of
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kṣadman-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Vorlegmesser</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) with
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šanman-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">blade</q></gloss></mentioned> (?) (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 285</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XV 595—596</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Gershevitch</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><title>Iran and Islam</title>,
|
||
<pubPlace>Edinburgh</pubPlace>, <date>1971</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
|
||
269—270</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 269—270</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Kellens"/>
|
||
<biblScope>71—72</biblScope></bibl>). One would expect <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xšadman-</w></mentioned>. The base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sked-</w></mentioned> could be the lengthened <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">sek-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>cut</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
|
||
<biblScope>918</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xed-</w>, <w type="rec">(s)xod-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tear</q></gloss></mentioned> is reconstructed by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Merlingen</hi> (<bibl><title>Die Śprache</title>
|
||
<biblScope>1958 IV 5810</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>30, 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_TPhS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1959, стр. 87</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">1959, p.
|
||
87</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>408</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |