abaev-xml/entries/abaev_7xsar_1.xml
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00

549 lines
No EOL
44 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ᵆxsar_1</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_7xsar_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<form xml:id="form_d969e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ᵆxsar</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>æxsaræ</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d969e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>боевая доблесть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>martial prowess</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>сила</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>force</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>власть</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>power</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>æxsarǵyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">доблестный</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">valiant</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">также мужское личное имя в героическом эпосе о Нартах </note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in the heroic Nart epic, also male personal names </note>
<form type="lemma"><orth>Xsar(t)</orth></form>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> и </note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> and </note>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>Xsærtæg</orth> — eponymous heroes</form>
</re>
</re>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; имя <oRef>Æxsar</oRef> и поныне употребительно</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; the name <oRef>Æxsar</oRef> and is still in use</note>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æǧ˳yzajy kard fæšīs, æmæ <oRef>æxsar</oRef>
ūj myggagæn bazzad</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Агузу (при дележе) достался меч, и (поэтому)
боевая доблесть стала достоянием его рода</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aguz (during the division) got the sword, and
(therefore) military prowess became the property of his family</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 150</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ḱermeny, ne <oRef>xsar</oRef>, næxī kʼūxæj
cæmæn amardtam?</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">почему мы Чермена, нашу доблесть, убили
собственной рукой?</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">why did we kill Chermen, our valor, with our
own hand?</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
<biblScope>180</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ældærtty <oRef>xsary</oRef> byn bīræ sædæ
fæltærty fæcardysty</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">под властью князей они жили многими сотнями
поколений</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">under the rule of princes they lived for many
hundreds of generations</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyxæn <oRef>æxsar</oRef> jæ cos ū</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">против насилия (одно) средство — боевая
доблесть</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there is (one) means against violence, the
martial prowess</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzgæn ændær læppūjy warzonʒīnadæj jæ zærdæ
syǧd, fælæ jæ mady <oRef>xsar</oRef> ingænmæ tardta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у девушки сердце горело любовью к другому
юноше, но власть матери гнала ее в могилу (к нелюбимому)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the girls heart burned with love for another
young man, but the mothers power drove her to the grave (to the unloved)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>76</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw lægæn cy særībarʒīnad radda, ūj jyn
<oRef>æxsaræj</oRef> agūrīnag</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">свободу, которую бог даровал человеку, ему
пришлось добывать своей доблестью</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the freedom that God gave to man, he had to
earn it with his prowess</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>93</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">baræj mæ tūg, me ʽstæg næ radʒynæn;
<oRef>æxsaræj</oRef> wæ cy fændy ūj kænūt</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">добровольно я не отдам свою кровь, свою кость;
силой делайте, что хотите</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">voluntarily I will not give my blood, my bone;
do what you want by force</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærdxæræn wydysty ūcy avd ævsymæry qarūjæ wæd,
<oRef>æxsaræj</oRef> wæd</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">знамениты были эти семь братьев — будь то по
энергии, будь то по боевой доблести</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">these seven brothers were famous either for
energy, or for military prowess</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>91</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>æxsar</oRef> bæræggænæg lægnymæcæj wydī
raǵy zamany</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(военная) сила в старину определялась
численностью мужчин</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the (military) strength in the old days was
determined by the number of men</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
<biblScope>102</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tyxtæ ʽ<oRef>xsærttæj</oRef> bæx æmæ
xæcængærztæ ʽssardta</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">с трудом и усилием он раздобыл коня и
оружие</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">with difficulty and many efforts, he got a
horse and weapons</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>III 19</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xæst nīcæwyl fæcī... (Babe) ærænkʼard, je
<oRef>xsar</oRef> ravdīsyny bon æj næ fæcī!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бой кончился ничем... (Бабе) опечалился: ему не
удалось показать свою боевую доблесть!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the battle ended in nothing ... (Babeh) was
sad: he failed to show his fighting prowess!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
<biblScope>163</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">znag ærbampursuj, æxsetæ, nifs,
<oRef>æxsaræ</oRef> kæmæ es!</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">враг наступает, стреляйте, в ком есть мужество
(и) доблесть!</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the enemy is advancing, shoot whoever has
courage (and) valor!</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æznag we <oRef>ʽxsaræj</oRef>
æstʼælfæd</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусть враг содрогается перед вашей
доблестью</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">let the enemy tremble before your prowess</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Wadž."/>
<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Alsaq — se <oRef>ʽxsaræ</oRef>, mard
fæcæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Алсак, (кто был) их силой в бою, убит</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Alsak, (who was) their force in battle, was
killed</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">card arazæn ustur toxæj,
<oRef>æxsaræj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы строим жизнь в великой борьбе, (полные)
боевого духа</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we build life in the great struggle, (full of)
fighting spirit</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ ǧuddag max bavzaræn bal ficcag isarazun
mijnævuræj, kæd ne ʽswa nin, wæd <oRef>æxsaræj</oRef></quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наше дело мы попытаемся пока уладить путем
переговоров (<q>послом</q>), если же нам не удастся, то силой</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we will try to settle our matter for the time
being through negotiations (<q>by an ambassador</q>), and if we fail, then we will
do it by force</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ne <oRef>ʽxsaræ</oRef>, næ tuxæ adtæj
sumaxæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на вас держалась наша доблесть, наша сила</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our valor, our strength rested on you</q>
</tr>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">В переводе
Евангелия <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Ялгузидзе</hi>
<oRef>æxsar</oRef> означает также <q>меч</q>: </note>
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">In the translation
of the Gospel by <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Yalguzidze</hi>, <oRef>æxsar</oRef>
also means <q>sword</q>: </note>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...felvæsta <oRef>æxsar</oRef>...</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">извлек меч...</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">drew a sword...</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Марк"/>
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">14</hi> 47</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. ниже <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/></note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; see below <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/></note>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xšaθra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
<w type="rec">kšatra-</w></mentioned>. Важный социальный термин индоиранского мира. Если
иметь в виду трифункциональную концепцию <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Дюмезиля</hi>, то
связан со второй, т. е. военной функцией. В догосударственный период термин означал
<q>военную силу</q>, <q>военную доблесть</q>. Эта семантика преобладает в осетинском. С
образованием государства стал обозначать <q>государственную власть</q>,
<q>государство</q>, <q>царство</q>, <q>центр государственной власти</q>, <q>город</q>. Ср.
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šahr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>šaṭr</w>, <w>šahr</w>
<gloss><q>город</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>страна</q></gloss><note type="comment">ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_saxar"/>:</note><note type="bibl">
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_III"/>
<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ᵆxšaθr-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼγšδrtʼk</w>
<gloss><q>царский</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
<biblScope>I 43, 142, 163</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> , <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>kṣāra-</w>
<gloss><q>могущество</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>власть</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xšaθra-</w>
<gloss><q>царство</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>власть</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T003628+0300" comment="увы, не нагуглил лигатур, которые соединяют две буквы s..."?>xšaṣsa<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w>
<gloss><q>царство</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Artaxšaṣsa-</w>
<gloss>личное имя</gloss>, <gloss><q>Артаксеркс</q></gloss></mentioned> (ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Ardæxsur</w></mentioned>), на персепольских таблетках в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">эламской</hi> передаче <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Irdakšaru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Ramakšara</w></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatrabama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatraba</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Onomastica
Persepolitana</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>№№
8.582,8.1396-8.1521, 8.1522</biblScope></bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ὀξάθϱης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>имя брата Артаксеркса
II</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Плутарх</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἐξάθϱης</w>
<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>
<gloss>имя брата Дария III</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Плутарх</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
<mentioned xml:lang="xme"><w>Xšaθrita-</w>
<gloss><hi rendition="#rend_bold">мидийское</hi> личное имя</gloss></mentioned><note type="footnote">Другие имена, содержащие <c>xšaθra-</c>, см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
<biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣatra-</w>
<gloss><q>власть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>владычество</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>сила</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣatriya-</w><gloss><q>кшатрий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>представитель касты
воинов</q></gloss></mentioned>. Легко распознается в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">сарматских</hi> личных именах Северного Причерноморья (в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">греческой</hi> передаче <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>ξαϱθ</c></mentioned>):
<mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ξαϱθαμος</c></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Φαϱνοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (ос. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Farnæxsar</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Καιναξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (ос. д. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Kīnæxsaræ</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ἀλεξαϱθος</c></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Διδυμοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>189</biblScope></bibl>; см. еще под <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>). По ассирийским источникам, один из <hi rendition="#rend_bold">скифских</hi> вождей
носил <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><gloss>имя</gloss>
<w>Sandakšatru</w> (ок. 639 г. до н. э.) <note type="comment">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">И. М. Дьяконов</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Труды XXV Конгресса
востоковедов, I</title>, <pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:base="ru">стр. 241</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Сюда же <mentioned xml:lang="arc"><gloss>имя</gloss>
<w>Hštr</w></mentioned> в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">арамейском</hi> ритуальном тексте
из Персеполя (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
<biblScope>1974 XXXIV 96</biblScope></bibl>). Отложилось также в топонимии: <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Xšart-āb</w>
<gloss>название <hi rendition="#rend_bold">ягнобского</hi> селения</gloss>
<note type="comment">(<bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Сов. этнография</title>,
<date>1935</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 6, стр. 80</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 6, стр. 80</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἰαξάϱθης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>река
Сыр-Дарья</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Полибий</author></bibl> и
др.)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>.
Из аланского идет <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/> (пшав., хевсур.) <w>Yaxsari</w>
<gloss>имя фольклорного героя, убившего дэва</gloss>, <note type="comment">упоминается у
писателя Важа <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Пшавела</hi></note>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">М. Чиковани</author>. <title xml:lang="ru">Литературные разыскания, II</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <date>1944</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
92—98</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
92—98</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">Начальный <c>y-</c> в
<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yaxsari</w></mentioned> — протетический, как в <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yalbuzi</w> = <w>Al-burz</w>
<gloss><q>Эльбрус</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Андроникашвили</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Тр. Инст. языкозн. Груз. АН, сер.
вост. яз., II</title>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
199—200</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 199—200</biblScope></bibl></note>.
К <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xšaθryaka</w></mentioned> через <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>xšaθrik</w></mentioned> восходит, как полагают, <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
<w>cerig</w>
<gloss><q>воин</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>солдат</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Владимирцов</author>. <title>Mongolica, I</title>.
<pubPlace xml:lang="ru">Л.</pubPlace>, <date>1925</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 326</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ос. <oRef>xsar</oRef> входит в состав
нескольких сложных слов весьма архаичного облика: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"><w>xsargard</w> (<w type="rec">xšaθra-karta-</w>) <gloss><q>шашка</q></gloss></ref>
(см. ниже), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>darǧæxsaræ</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">долгосильный</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">200</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>darəγō-xšaθra-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
<biblScope>694</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>rdynæxsar</w> (<w type="rec">druna-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">druna-xšaθra-</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
<w>xšaθra-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>farnah-</w>
(<w>farnah-</w>)</mentioned>, как два важных мировоззренческих понятия, были
определенным образом между собой связаны, см.: <bibl><author>Lommel</author>. <title>Die
Yašts des Awesta</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen — Leipzig</pubPlace>,
<date>1927</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 170 sq.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 170 sq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Hertel</author>.
<title>Beiträge zur Erklärung des Awestas und des Vedas</title>.
<pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1929</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
50</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр. 50</biblScope></bibl> [<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...Herrschaft (xšaθra-) verleihendes hvarənah</q>]. Митра
в качестве бога войны зовется <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>x ͮ
arənō-<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012839+0300" comment="иранское?"?>d<?oxy_comment_end ?>ā̊</w></mentioned>
и <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012903+0300" comment="иранское?"?>xšaθrō<?oxy_comment_end ?>-dā̊</w></mentioned>
(<bibl><title><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012958+0300" comment="что это за источник?"?>Y<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</title>
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 16</biblScope></bibl>). Своеобразие
осетинского состоит в том, что <ref type="xr" target="#entry_farn"/> понимается как высшее
благо мирной жизни, a <oRef>xsar</oRef> — как высшее достоинство в бою. — Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsarǵyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>, а по корню <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
<biblScope>1935 V 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">40, 64, 71, 188 сл., 213, 223, 527</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">40, 64, 71, 188 сл., 213, 223, 527</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xšaθra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
<w type="rec">kšatra-</w></mentioned>. It is an mportant social term of the Indo-Iranian
world. If one keeps in mind <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Dumézil</hi>ʼs trifunctional
concept, then it is connected with the second, i.e. military function. In the pre-state
period, the term meant <q>military force</q>, <q>military prowess</q>. This semantics
prevails in Ossetian. After the formation of the state, the term began to denote <q>state
power</q>, <q>state</q>, <q>kingdom</q>, <q>center of state power</q>, <q>city</q>. Cf.
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>šahr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
<w>šaṭr</w>, <w>šahr</w>
<gloss><q>city</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>country</q></gloss> (<note type="comment">Ossetic
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_saxar"/>:</note><note type="bibl">
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_III"/>
<biblScope>49</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ᵆxšaθr-</w></mentioned> in <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>ʼγšδrtʼk</w>
<gloss><q>royal</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
<biblScope>I 43, 142, 163</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>kṣāra-</w>
<gloss><q>might</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>power</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>xšaθra-</w>
<gloss><q>kingdom</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>power</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T003628+0300" comment="увы, не нагуглил лигатур, которые соединяют две буквы s..."?>xšaṣsa<?oxy_comment_end ?>-</w>
<gloss><q>kingdom</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>Artaxšaṣsa-</w>
<gloss>personal name</gloss>, <gloss><q>Artaxerxes</q></gloss></mentioned> (Ossetic
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Ardæxsur</w></mentioned>), on Persepolis
<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230713T005500+0300" comment="что имеется в виду??"?>tablets<?oxy_comment_end ?>
(in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Elamite</hi> script), <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Irdakšaru</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Ramakšara</w></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatrabama</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="elx"><w>Šatraba</w></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Mayrhofer</author>. <title>Onomastica
Persepolitana</title>. <pubPlace>Wien</pubPlace>, <date>1973</date>, <biblScope>№№
8.582,8.1396-8.1521, 8.1522</biblScope></bibl>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ὀξάθϱης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>brother of Artaxerxes
II</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Plutarch</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἐξάθϱης</w>
<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>
<gloss>name of the brother of Darius III</gloss><note type="comment"> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Plutarch</author></bibl>)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>,
<mentioned xml:lang="xme"><w>Xšaθrita-</w>
<gloss><hi rendition="#rend_bold">Median</hi> personal names</gloss></mentioned><note type="footnote">On other names containing <c>xšaθra-</c>, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi"/>
<biblScope>500</biblScope></bibl>.</note>
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣatra-</w>
<gloss><q>power</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>dominion</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>force</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>kṣatriya-</w><gloss><q>kshatriya</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>warrior
caste</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is easily recognized in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Sarmatian</hi> personal names of the Northern Black Sea region (in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Greek</hi> script, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>ξαϱθ</c></mentioned>): <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ξαϱθαμος</c></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Φαϱνοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Farnæxsar</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Καιναξαϱθος</c></mentioned> (Digor Ossetic <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w type="rec">Kīnæxsaræ</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Ἀλεξαϱθος</c></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-sarm"><c>Διδυμοξαϱθος</c></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope>189</biblScope></bibl>; see also under <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>). According to Assyrian sources, one of the<hi rendition="#rend_bold">Scythian</hi> leaders had the <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><gloss>name</gloss>
<w>Sandakšatru</w> (near 639 BC) <note type="comment">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">I. M.
D'jakonov</author>, <title xml:lang="en">Trudy XXV Kongressa vostokovedov
[Proceedings of the XXV Congress of Orientalists], I</title>, <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1962</date>, <biblScope xml:base="en">p.
241</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Here is also related the <mentioned xml:lang="arc"><gloss>name</gloss>
<w>Hštr</w></mentioned> in an <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Aramaic</hi> ritual text from
Persepolis (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
<biblScope>1974 XXXIV 96</biblScope></bibl>). It is also reflected in toponymy:
<mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w>Xšart-āb</w>
<gloss>the name of a <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Yaghnobi</hi> village</gloss>
<note type="comment">(<bibl><title xml:lang="en">Sov. etnografija [Soviet
ethnography]</title>, <date>1935</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">№ 6, стр.
80</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">№ 6, p.
80</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>Ἰαξάϱθης</w> (<w type="rec">Hu-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss>Syr Darya river</gloss><note type="comment">
(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Polybius</author></bibl>
etc.)</note><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T004330+0300" comment="верно ли, что это персидский?"?></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>.
Alan gave rise to <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/> (Pshav, Khevsur) <w>Yaxsari</w>
<gloss>the name of the folklore hero who killed the dev</gloss>, <note type="comment">as
mentioned by the writer Vazh <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Pshavel</hi></note>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">M. Čikovani</author>. <title xml:lang="en">Literaturnye razyskanija [Literary research], II</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <date>1944</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
92—98</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
92—98</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<note type="footnote">The initial <c>y-</c>
in <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yaxsari</w></mentioned> is prothetic, as in <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Yalbuzi</w> = <w>Al-burz</w>
<gloss><q>Elbrus</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Andronikašvili</author>, <title xml:lang="ru">Tr. Inst. jazykozn. Gruz. AN, ser.
vost. jaz. [Working papers of the Institute of Linguistics, Georgian Academy of
Sciences, Oriental linguistics], II</title>, <date>1957</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 199—200</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp.
199—200</biblScope></bibl></note>. — <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
<w type="rec">xšaθryaka</w></mentioned> via <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
<w>xšaθrik</w></mentioned> gave rise, as assumed, to <mentioned xml:lang="mn"><lang/>
<w>cerig</w>
<gloss><q>warrior</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>soldier</q></gloss><note type="bibl">
(<bibl><author xml:lang="en">Vladimircov</author>. <title>Mongolica, I</title>.
<pubPlace xml:lang="en">Leningrad</pubPlace>, <date>1925</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 326</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
326</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Ossetic <oRef>xsar</oRef> is part of
several compound words of a very archaic origin: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"><w>xsargard</w> (<w type="rec">xšaθra-karta-</w>) <gloss><q>saber</q></gloss></ref>
(see below), <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>darǧæxsaræ</w>
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">long-force one</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 121</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/>
<biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">200</hi></biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>darəγō-xšaθra-</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AiW"/>
<biblScope>694</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>rdynæxsar</w> (<w type="rec">druna-xšaθra-</w>) <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">druna-xšaθra-</q></gloss></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
<w>xšaθra-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><w>farnah-</w>
(<w>farnah-</w>)</mentioned>, as two important worldview concepts, were interconnected
in a certain way, see: <bibl><author>Lommel</author>. <title>Die Yašts des
Awesta</title>. <pubPlace>Göttingen — Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1927</date>,
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 170 sq.</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 170
sq.</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><author>Hertel</author>. <title>Beiträge zur Erklärung
des Awestas und des Vedas</title>. <pubPlace>Leipzig</pubPlace>, <date>1929</date>,
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 50</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">p.
50</biblScope></bibl> [<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">...Herrschaft (xšaθra-)
verleihendes hvarənah</q>]. Mithra, as the god of war, is called <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>x ͮ
arənō-<?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012839+0300" comment="иранское?"?>d<?oxy_comment_end ?>ā̊</w></mentioned>
and <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012903+0300" comment="иранское?"?>xšaθrō<?oxy_comment_end ?>-dā̊</w></mentioned>
(<bibl><title><?oxy_comment_start author="Vados" timestamp="20230711T012958+0300" comment="что это за источник?"?>Y<?oxy_comment_end ?>.</title>
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">10</hi> 16</biblScope></bibl>). The peculiarity
of the Ossetian is that <ref type="xr" target="#entry_farn"/> is understood as the highest
good of a peaceful life, and <oRef>xsar</oRef> as the highest virtue in battle. — Cf.
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsargard"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsarǵyn"/>,
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7Xsærtæg"/>, and the root in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7xsīn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
<biblScope>1935 V 74</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">40, 64, 71, 188 сл., 213, 223, 527</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">40, 64, 71, 188 ff., 213, 223, 527</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>