255 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
255 lines
No EOL
20 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">Satána</hi></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_Satána" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d2947e66" type="lemma"><orth>Satána</orth></form>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d2947e69">
|
||
<def xml:lang="ru">прославленная героиня осетинского эпоса о героях Нартах, сестра и жена
|
||
Урузмага. Рисуется в сказаниях как мать народа, центр и средоточие нартовского мира,
|
||
хлебосольная хозяйка, заботливая воспитательница и наставница младших героев, мудрая
|
||
советчица в трудные для нартов времена, иногда — могущественная чародейка
|
||
(<bibl><author>Абаев</author>. <title>Нартовский эпос</title>. <publisher>Изв.
|
||
Сев.-Осет. научно-исслед. инст</publisher>. <biblScope>1945 X 1
|
||
36—37</biblScope></bibl>)</def>
|
||
<def xml:lang="en">glorified heroine of the Ossetian epos about Nart heroes, sister and
|
||
wife of Wyryzmæg. She is depicted in legends as the mother of the nation, the center of
|
||
the Nart world, the hospitable mistresses and mentor of the younger heroes, the wise
|
||
adviser in times that are difficult for Narts, sometimes she is described as a mighty
|
||
enchantress (<bibl><author>Abaev</author>. <title>Nartovskij èpos</title> [The Nart
|
||
Saga]. <publisher>Izv. Sev.-Oset. naučno-issled. inst</publisher>.
|
||
<biblScope>1945 X 1 36—37</biblScope></bibl>)</def>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱyzg qomyl bajdydtoj æmæ jyl sæværdtoj nom
|
||
<oRef>Satana</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">девочку стали воспитывать и дали ей имя
|
||
Шатана</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">[they] started to raise the girl and named her
|
||
Satana</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Чтобы избежать
|
||
нежелательного созвучия, мы передаем по-русски <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шатана</q>, а не <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сатана</q>.</note>
|
||
<!--<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">In order to
|
||
avoid an undesirable consonance, in Russian we use <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Шатана</q>, but not <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Сатана</q>.</note>-->
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
||
<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ fæstaǧy nyxas <oRef>Satanamæ</oRef>
|
||
acydī</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">напоследок они (Нарты) обратились за советом к
|
||
Шатане</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">finally, they (Narts) asked Satana for
|
||
advice</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
||
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læg xwyzdær — Wyryzmæg, ūs xwyzdær —
|
||
<oRef>Satana</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лучший из мужчин — Урузмаг, лучшая из женщин —
|
||
Шатана</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the best one among men is Wyryzmæg, the best
|
||
one among women is Satana</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
||
<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>Satana</oRef> zaǧta: æværd myn īs avd
|
||
xæʒary ʒag xærd æmæ nwæzt</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Шатана сказала: у меня припасено семь полных
|
||
домов еды и питья</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana said: seven houses full of food and
|
||
drinks are stored by me</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
|
||
<biblScope>132</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">Satanajæn</oRef>
|
||
suǧzærīnæj æ kærcæ æj, sire kʼela æ badæn æj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Шатаны из золота шуба, почетное кресло — ее
|
||
сиденье</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana's coat is golden, the chair of honour is
|
||
her seat</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ra-nin-æj-xæssaj, saw bægæni, Narti <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">Satana</oRef>!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вынеси нам черное пиво, нартовская Шатана!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bring us black beer, Satana of the Narts!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æxsijnæ <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">Satana</oRef> ku næ wa, wæd anæn max neci amal isserʒinan</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если не будет Госпожи Шатаны (ее совета), то мы
|
||
с ними (с вражеским войском) никак не справимся</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if there aren't Mistress Satana (her advice),
|
||
we won't cope with them (with the enemy's army)</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 45</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Старое аланское женское имя. Впервые засвидетельствовано армянским
|
||
историком Моисеем <name>Хоренским</name> (V в. н. э.) в форме <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Satenik</w></mentioned>. По рассказу этого автора, армянские народные певцы в его
|
||
время воспевали красоту и ум аланской принцессы Сатеник, которая во время алано-армянской
|
||
войны (начало II в. н. э.) пленила армянского царя Арташеса и выручила из плена своего
|
||
брата. Поскольку фигура Шатаны занимает центральное место в нартовском эпосе, ее имя
|
||
известно всем народам Кавказа, у которых распространены нартовские сказания: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Sätanäj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd-x-crc-west"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Setenej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Sěli-Sata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanäj</w> (<w>Orxugw Satanäj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Чародейка Сатанай</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср.
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Obur-Satanaj</w></mentioned> id.), <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Zitanäj</w></mentioned> женское имя. У горного грузинского племени рачинцев отмечено
|
||
женское имя <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Satanaj</w></mentioned> в эпосе и в быту
|
||
(<bibl><author>Дзидзигури</author>. <title>Грузинские варианты нартского
|
||
эпоса</title>. <pubPlace>Тбилиси</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1971, стр.
|
||
7</biblScope></bibl>). Этимология не
|
||
вполне ясна. Учитывая первенствующую роль Шатаны в эпосе, <name>Bailey</name> сближает с
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sātar-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>властитель</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ruling
|
||
woman</q></gloss>)</mentioned>. А. <name>Биазров</name> (в письме) думает о связи с
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sāt</w> в <w>sātgīn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>любимый предмет</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>). В любом случае древность и аланская принадлежность
|
||
имени, подтверждаемые Моисеем <name>Хоренским</name>, не вызывают сомнения. Более того, не
|
||
исключено, что принцесса Сатеник, ее ум и красота владели умами не только армянских
|
||
рапсодов, но и певцов на ее родине Алании, и песни о ней, контаминировавшись с древним,
|
||
идущим еще от матриархата, образом мудрой матери народа, способствовали оформлению образа
|
||
нартовской героини и ее имени.<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Случайным надо
|
||
считать созвучие имени <oRef>Satana</oRef> с болг. <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><w>Стана</w>
|
||
имя героини болгарской баллады</mentioned> (<bibl><author>Халанокий</author>.
|
||
<title>Великорусские былины киевского цикла</title>. <pubPlace>Варшава</pubPlace>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1885, стр. 39</biblScope></bibl>).</note> Об
|
||
алано-армянских связях см.: <bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Revue des Etudes
|
||
Arm</title>. <biblScope>1965 II 3</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><author>Лавров</author>.
|
||
<title>Заметки об Осетии и осетинах</title>. <publisher>СМК</publisher>
|
||
<biblScope>III 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>. <title>Légendes
|
||
sur les Nartes</title>. <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">1930,
|
||
стр. 171</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1935 V 67</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1959 I 136</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">1972, стр. 109</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">It is an old Alanian female name. For the first time it was attested by
|
||
Armenian historian Movses <name>Khorenatsi</name> (5th century A.D.) in the form
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>Satenik</w></mentioned>. According to the story of this
|
||
author, Armenian folk singers in his time glorified the beauty and wisdom of Alanian
|
||
princess Satenik, who, during the Alanian-Armenian war (the beginning of the 2th century
|
||
A. D.), captivated Armenian king Artaxias and rescued from captivity her brother. Since
|
||
the figure of Satana occupies the central place in the Nart sagas, her name is known to
|
||
all of the Caucasian people among which the Nart sagas are common: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Sätanäj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kbd-x-crc-west"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Setenej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ady-x-abadz"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="uby"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanej</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Sěli-Sata</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Satanäj</w> (<w>Orxugw Satanäj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Enchantress Satanaj</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
cf. <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Obur-Satanaj</w></mentioned> id.), <mentioned xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Zitanäj</w></mentioned> female name. In the sagas and in everyday life of Georgian
|
||
mountain tribe of Rachins, female name <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><w>Satanaj</w></mentioned>
|
||
is attested (<bibl><author>Dzidziguri</author>. <title>Gruzinskie varianty nartskogo èposa
|
||
</title> [The Georgian variants of the Nart Sagas]. <pubPlace>Tbilisi</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1971, p.
|
||
7</biblScope></bibl>). The etymology of the word is not fully clear. Considering the
|
||
dominant role of Satana in the sagas, <name>Bailey</name> brings it together with
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sātar-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ruler</q></gloss> (<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ruling
|
||
woman</q></gloss>)</mentioned>. A. <name>Biazrov</name> (in his letter) suggests the
|
||
connection with <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sāt</w> in <w>sātgīn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>favourite subject </q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Ягелло"/></bibl>). In any case, the antiquity and the belonging of the
|
||
name to Alanian, confirmed by Movses <name>Khorenatsi</name>, are undeniable. Moreover,
|
||
it is not excluded that princess Satenik, her wisdom and beauty occupied the minds of not
|
||
only Armenian singers, but also of the chanters from her homeland Alania, and the songs
|
||
about her, having mixed with the ancient, coming from the matriarchy image of a wise
|
||
mother of people, promoted the formation of the image of the Nart heroine and of the image
|
||
of her name.<note type="footnote">The consonance of the name <oRef>Satana</oRef> with
|
||
Bulgarian <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><w>Stana</w> the name of the heroine of one Bulgarian
|
||
ballad</mentioned> must be considered accidental
|
||
(<bibl><author>Xalanokij</author>. <title>Velikorusskie byliny kievskogo cikla</title> [The
|
||
Great Russian bylinas of the Kiev cycle]. <pubPlace>Warsaw</pubPlace>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1885, p.
|
||
39</biblScope></bibl>).</note> About Alanian-Armenian connections see:
|
||
<bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <title>Revue des Etudes Arm</title>. <biblScope>1965 II
|
||
3</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><author>Lavrov</author>. <title>Zametki ob Osetii i
|
||
osetinax</title> [Notes on Ossetia and the Ossetians]. <publisher>SMK</publisher>
|
||
<biblScope>III 189</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Dumézil</author>. <title>Légendes
|
||
sur les Nartes</title>. <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">1930, p. 171</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЯМ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1935 V 67</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AION"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1959 I 136</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 79</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_JRAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">1972, p.
|
||
109</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |