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227 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fīdar</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fīdar" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1915e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fīdar</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d1915e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fedar</orth></form>
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<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fīdar.1"><sense xml:id="sense_d1915e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепкий</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>strong</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1915e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стойкий</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>resistant</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fīdar.2"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепость</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fortress</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<sense n="3" xml:id="sense_fīdar.3"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поручитель</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>guarantor</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d1915e113">
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<form xml:id="form_d1915e115" type="lemma"><orth>fīdar kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1915e118"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>укреплять</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>strengthen</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d1915e129">
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<form xml:id="form_d1915e131" type="lemma"><orth>nyffīdar wyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1915e134"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>закрепиться</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>consolidate</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1915e145">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e147">
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<quote>fīdar ræxystæj nyn ne wængtæ sbastoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепкими цепями связали наши члены</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they tied our limbs with strong chains</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e166" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>fedar mæsug — de xsævewat</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепкая башня (да будет) местом твоего ночлега</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let the strong tower be your place of sleep</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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157</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e188" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>fedar læwwæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>стой крепко!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>stand firmly!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>24%l15%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1915e211">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e213">
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<quote>Xyzy fīdar</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепость Хуз</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Khuz fortress</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>105–109</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e232" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Gori fedar</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепость Гори</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Gori fortress</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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47–51</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e254" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Nartæ Gori fedar basastoncæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Нарты сокрушили крепость Гори</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the Narts destroyed the Gori fortress</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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50</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e276">
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<quote>fīdary dwærttæ nykkodta ængom æxkæd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он плотно запер ворота крепости</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he locked the gates of the fortress tightly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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106</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e295">
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<quote>fīdaræn jæ mīdæg cardī ænæcyd ḱyzg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>внутри крепости жила незамужняя девушка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q/>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1915e315">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1915e317">
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<quote>fīdar myn nyllæw</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>будь за меня поручителем</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>be a surety for me</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fī-dar</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe-dar</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pati-dāra-</hi> от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dār-</hi>
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‘держать’, буквально „противодержащий“, „противостойкий“. Ср. такие значения
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e438" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e335" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dhar-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">, как</note>
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<gloss><q>укреплять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e448" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e345" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>крепко держаться (на месте)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e454" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e351" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>противостоять</q></gloss></mentioned> и т. п., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e460" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e357" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>prati-dhar-</w>
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<gloss><q>удерживать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e468" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e365" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>paiti-darana-</w>
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<gloss><q>местопребывание</q></gloss></mentioned>. Неясно отношение к
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<hi rendition="#rend_bold">согдийскому</hi> послелогу <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e477" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e374" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>pyδ’r</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e482" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e379" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>piyāra</w>
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<gloss><q>из-за</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e490" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e387" xml:lang="yai"><w/>
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<gloss><q>по причине</q></gloss></mentioned>. По своей семантике такой
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послелог мог развиться из имени со значением ‘крепость’, ‘сила’, ‘опора’ и т.
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п.; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e496" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e393" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>в силу</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в смысле</note>
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<gloss><q>по причине</q></gloss></mentioned>, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"/> ‘из-за’, ‘по причине’ от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"/> ‘сила’, буквально „силой“; согдийский послелог
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означает, стало быть, „крепостью“ → ‘по причине’. Созвучие с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e511" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e408" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pāīdar</w>
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<gloss><q>крепкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, образованным из <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e519" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e416" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pā</w>
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<gloss><q>нога</q></gloss></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e527" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e424" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dār-</w>
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<gloss><q>держать</q></gloss></mentioned>, следует считать случайным. См.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"/>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">From <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fī-dar</hi> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe-dar</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pati-dāra-</hi> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dār-</hi>
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‘hold’, literally ‘anti-holding‘, ‘resistant’. Cf. such meanings of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e335" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e438" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dhar-</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">, as</note>
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<gloss><q>strengthen</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e448" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>hold firmly (in a place)</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e351" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e454" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
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<gloss><q>resist</q></gloss></mentioned> etc., <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e357" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e460" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>prati-dhar-</w>
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<gloss><q>hold</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e365" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e468" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>paiti-darana-</w>
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<gloss><q>residence</q></gloss></mentioned>. The relation to a <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Sogdian</hi>
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postposition <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e374" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e477" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>pyδ’r</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e379" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e482" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>piyāra</w>
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<gloss><q>because of</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e387" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e490" xml:lang="yai"><w/>
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<gloss><q>due to</q></gloss></mentioned> is unclear.According to its
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semantics, such a postposition could develop from a noun with the meaning
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‘strong’, ‘strength’, ‘support’, etc.; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e393" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e496" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>v silu</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in the meaning</note>
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<gloss><q>on account of</q></gloss></mentioned>, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyxæj"/> ‘because of’, ‘on account of’ from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tyx"/> ‘strength, literally ‘with strength’; thus, a Sogdian
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postposition means ‘with a fortress’ → ‘on account of’. The consonance with
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e408" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e511" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pāīdar</w>
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<gloss><q>strong</q></gloss></mentioned>, derived from <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e416" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e519" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pā</w>
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<gloss><q>foot</q></gloss></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1915e424" xml:id="mentioned_d1915e527" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>dār-</w>
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<gloss><q>hold</q></gloss></mentioned>, should be viewed as accidental. See
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_daryn"/>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |