abaev-xml/entries/abaev_fos.xml
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fos</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_fos" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d759e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>fos</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d759e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>fons</orth></form>
<sense n="1" xml:id="sense_fos.1"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>скот</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>cattle</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
<sense n="2" xml:id="sense_fos.2"><sense xml:id="sense_d759e83"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>имущество</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>property</q>
</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d759e92"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>добыча</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>plunder</q>
</abv:tr></sense></sense>
<re xml:id="re_d759e102">
<re xml:id="re_d759e104">
<form xml:id="form_d759e106" type="lemma"><orth>lystæg fos</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d759e109"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>мелкий скот</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>small cattle</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
</re>
<re xml:id="re_d759e120">
<form xml:id="form_d759e122" type="lemma"><orth>stazwd fos</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d759e125"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>крупный скот</q>
</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>cattle</q>
</abv:tr></sense>
</re>
</re>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d759e138">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e140">
<quote>xæxxon fæjjaw jæ fosīmæ kʼæʒæxty dær næ fællajy</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>горный пастух со своей барантой неутомим и на скалах</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the mountain shepherd with his baranta is tireless even on the
rocks</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e159">
<quote>īw bon xīzænæj ærtardta je fsæst fosy ʒūg</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>однажды он пригнал с пастбища свое сытое стадо овец</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>once he drove his well-fed flock of sheep from the pasture</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>104</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e178" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>fons i xestærtæn, xætæl — kæstæræn</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>скот (достался) старшим (братьям), свирель — младшему</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>the cattle went to the older brothers, the flute went to the younger
one</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>55%l40%l</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e200">
<quote>mæ fydy tūgmæ æz dæwæj fos æmæ æxca næ bacagūrʒynæn</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>за кровь отца я не потребую у тебя скота и денег</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>for my father's blood I will not demand cattle and money from you</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 22</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d759e220">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e222">
<quote>bīræ fos yskodta</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>он нажил много добра</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>he made a lot of goods</q>
</abv:tr>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e237">
<quote>fosænqæl læg næ fællajy</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>человек, рассчитывающий на добычу, неутомим</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>a man who counts on prey is tireless</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
204</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e256" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>sækæræj dær fæffos kodta</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>и сахаром он попользовался</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>and he used sugar</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_SD"/><biblScope>255%l4%l</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e278" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>(mudbinʒitæ) sæ xwæzdær xæʒardar fons æncæ</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>(bees) are their main riches at the farm</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q/>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/><biblScope>I 96</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d759e300" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>mægur bælcconi… sæxecæn fonsbæl banimadtoncæ</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>бедного путника они (разбойники) сочли за свою добычу</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>they (the robbers) considered the poor traveler their prey</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
138</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Гласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">o</hi> восходит здесь к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi> перед носовым; стало быть,
исходная форма — <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi>. В иронском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi> выпал (ассимилировался?), как в
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyssyn"/> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>380</biblScope></bibl>).
Восстанавливаемое <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi> находит ближайшую параллель в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e401" xml:id="mentioned_d759e331" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>panz</w>
<gloss><q>рогатый скот</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, очевидно,
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e409" xml:id="mentioned_d759e339" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
<w>poso</w>
<gloss><q>скот</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e417" xml:id="mentioned_d759e347" xml:lang="ddo"><w/>
<gloss><q>богатство</q></gloss></mentioned>. Что касается <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e424" xml:id="mentioned_d759e354" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
<w>fos</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e429" xml:id="mentioned_d759e359" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>hons</w>
<gloss><q>добыча</q></gloss></mentioned>, то они должны рассматриваться как
усвоенные из осетинского, так как согласный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> исторически чужд ингушскому, а
чеченский <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> представляет обычный субститут <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> в заимствованных словах:
ср., например, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fūrd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ford</hi><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e439" xml:id="mentioned_d759e369" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
<w>ford</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e444" xml:id="mentioned_d759e374" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>hord</w></mentioned>. При отсутствии удовлетворительной иранской
этимологии остается допустить, что осетинское слово представляет заимствование
из аварского, а чеченское и ингушское — из осетинского. Если принять во внимание
территориальное распределение соответствующих языков (аварский не соседит с
осетинским, чеченский и ингушский располагались между осетинским и аварским), то
картина получается довольно запутанная. Заслуживает внимания идеосемантика:
‘скот’ → ‘имущество’ → ‘добыча’. Она говорит, во-первых, о том, что скот был
синонимом богатства; во-вторых, тот же скот служил основным объектом вожделений
в качестве добычи при военных столкновениях.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>66, 90</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The vowel <hi rendition="#rend_italic">o</hi> traces here back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">a</hi> before a nasal
consonant; thus, the initial form is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi>. In Iron, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">n</hi> fell out
(assimilated?), as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyssyn"/> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>380</biblScope></bibl>). The
closest parallel of the recovered form <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*pans</hi> is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e331" xml:id="mentioned_d759e401" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<w>panz</w>
<gloss><q>horned cattle</q></gloss></mentioned>. Apparently, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e339" xml:id="mentioned_d759e409" xml:lang="ddo"><lang/>
<w>poso</w>
<gloss><q>cattle</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e347" xml:id="mentioned_d759e417" xml:lang="ddo"><w/>
<gloss><q>wealth</q></gloss></mentioned> are related to it as well. As for
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e354" xml:id="mentioned_d759e424" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
<w>fos</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e359" xml:id="mentioned_d759e429" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>hons</w>
<gloss><q>plunder</q></gloss></mentioned>, they should be viewed as acquired
from Ossetic, since the consonant <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> is historically alien to Ingush, and
Chechen <hi rendition="#rend_italic">h</hi> is a usual substitute of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">f</hi> in borrowed words: cf., for
example, Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fūrd"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ford</hi><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e369" xml:id="mentioned_d759e439" xml:lang="inh"><lang/>
<w>ford</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d759e374" xml:id="mentioned_d759e444" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
<w>hord</w></mentioned>. In the absence of a satisfactory Iranian etymology,
we are left to assume that the Ossetic word represents a borrowing from Avar,
and the Chechen and Ingush word is borrowed from Ossetic. If the territorial
distribution of the corresponding languages is taken into account (Avar is not
adjacent to Ossetic, and Chechen and Ingush were located between Ossetic and
Avar), then the picture gets rather confusing. The ideosemantics deserves
attention: cattlepropertyplunder. It says, first, that cattle was a
synonym of wealth; second, the same cattle served as the main object of desire
as plunder during military conflicts.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>66, 90</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>