133 lines
No EOL
14 KiB
XML
133 lines
No EOL
14 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_kalm" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d1345e66" type="lemma"><orth>kalm</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d1345e69"><sense xml:id="sense_d1345e70"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>змея</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>snake</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d1345e79"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>червь</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>worm</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d1345e89">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1345e91">
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<quote>kalm jæ særæj mardæ ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>змею убивают в голову</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the snake is killed in the head</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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210</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d1345e110">
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<quote>kalmaw myn mæ rīw sūʒgæ bawwyldta mast</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>как змея, источило мне грудь жгучее горе</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>burning grief ate into my chest like a snake</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейское слово, означавшее ‘червь’, др.иран.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, и.е. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳rmi-</hi>. Значение ‘червь’ не чуждо и осетинскому; об этом
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говорит аблаутный вариант этого же слова <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælm"/>
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‘червивый’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ys-kælm īs</hi> ‘очервивел’), <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kælmxærd</hi> ‘изъеденный червями’; ср.
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wallon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zulk’"/> ‘червь’. Переход <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> под влиянием <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>
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(ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>). Др.иран. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛ</hi> → ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al</hi> (←
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">аr</hi>), как <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛta-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mṛta-</hi> и др. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e284" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e140" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e290" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e146" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e295" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e151" xml:lang="mzn"><lang/>
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<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e300" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e156" xml:lang="glk"><lang/>
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<w>kalm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e305" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e161" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>kurm, kurum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e310" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e166" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>čīrəm, čirm, čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e315" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e171" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e321" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e177" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e326" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e182" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>kərm</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e335" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e191" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e340" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e196" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>kyrm, qrm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e345" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e201" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kərəma-</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e351" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e207" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṛmī-</w>
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<gloss><q>червь</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e359" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e215" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kirmis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e364" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e220" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
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<w>cruim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e369" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e225" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>aca-karm</w>
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<gloss><q>удав</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XCIV 142</biblScope></bibl>). —
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e381" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e237" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w n="0">чрьвь</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e387" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e244" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>червь</w></mentioned>) содержит, по-видимому, тот же корень, но с другим
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формантом и относится к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, ос. <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi> так же, как, скажем, лат.
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">pulvis</hi> к ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælm"/>; ср. также <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e394" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e251" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>чермень</w></mentioned> рядом с <hi rendition="#rend_italic">чьрьвень</hi> ‘красный цвет’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 66, 89,
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111</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>51, 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">A common Indo-European word, which means ‘worm’, Old Iranian
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, Indo-European <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*k˳rmi-</hi>. In Ossetic the meaning ‘worm’ existed as
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well; it is proved by the ablaut variant of this word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælm"/> ‘wormy’ (<hi rendition="#rend_italic">ys-kælm īs</hi> ‘become worm-eaten’),
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kælmxærd</hi> ‘worm-eaten’; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wallon"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zulk’"/> ‘worm’. The transition <hi rendition="#rend_italic">r</hi> → <hi rendition="#rend_italic">l</hi> is
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under the influence of <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi> (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_talm"/>). Old
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Iranian <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛ</hi> → Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">al</hi> (← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">аr</hi>), as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ard</hi> ← <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ṛta-</hi>, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">mard</hi> ←
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">mṛta-</hi> etc. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e140" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e284" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e146" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e290" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e151" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e295" xml:lang="mzn"><lang/>
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<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e156" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e300" xml:lang="glk"><lang/>
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<w>kalm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e161" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e305" xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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<w>kurm, kurum</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e166" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e310" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>čīrəm, čirm, čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e171" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e315" xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
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<w>čerm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e177" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e321" xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
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<w>karm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e182" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e326" xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>kərm</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Зарубин._Мундж."/><biblScope>150</biblScope></bibl>),
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e191" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e335" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>kirm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e196" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e340" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>kyrm, qrm</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e201" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e345" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>kərəma-</w></mentioned> (?), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e207" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e351" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>kṛmī-</w>
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<gloss><q>worm</q></gloss></mentioned>; <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e215" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e359" xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
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<w>kirmis</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e220" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e364" xml:lang="ga"><lang/>
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<w>cruim</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e225" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e369" xml:lang="x-tchr"><lang/>
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<w>aca-karm</w>
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<gloss><q>boa</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ZDMG"/><biblScope>XCIV 142</biblScope></bibl>). —
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e237" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e381" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>črьvь</w></mentioned> (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e244" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e387" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>červʼ</w></mentioned>) apparently contains the same root, but with a
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different formant, it is related to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*kṛmi-</hi>, Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kalm</hi> the same way
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as, say, Latin <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pulvis</hi> to Ossetic <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælm"/>; cf.
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also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d1345e251" xml:id="mentioned_d1345e394" xml:lang="orv"><lang/>
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<w>чермень</w></mentioned> and <hi rendition="#rend_italic">чьрьвень</hi> ‘red colour’.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/><biblScope>II 50, 66, 89,
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111</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. —
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>46</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>51, 150</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |