299 lines
No EOL
21 KiB
XML
299 lines
No EOL
21 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
<teiHeader>
|
||
<fileDesc>
|
||
<titleStmt>
|
||
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">særvæt</hi></title>
|
||
</titleStmt>
|
||
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
|
||
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
|
||
<sourceDesc>
|
||
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
|
||
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
|
||
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
|
||
</sourceDesc>
|
||
</fileDesc>
|
||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
|
||
<tagsDecl>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
|
||
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
|
||
</tagsDecl>
|
||
</encodingDesc>
|
||
</teiHeader>
|
||
<text>
|
||
<body>
|
||
<entry xml:id="entry_særvæt" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
|
||
<form xml:id="form_d5877e66" type="lemma"><orth>særvæt</orth></form>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Приводимая Вс. <name>Миллером</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">21, стр. 331</biblScope></bibl>), а вслед за ним <name>Benveniste</name>’ ом (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
||
<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>) форма <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">særwat</w></mentioned> не подтверждается ни текстами, ни нашим специальным
|
||
опросом.</note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="footnote">The form <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">særwat</w></mentioned> given by Ws. <name>Miller</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_IF"/>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">21, p.
|
||
331</biblScope></bibl>), and after him by <name>Benveniste</name> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Benveniste._Etudes"/>
|
||
<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>) is confirmed neither by texts, nor by our special
|
||
survey.</note>
|
||
<sense xml:id="sense_d5877e69">
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q>пастбище, выгон, находящийся в общем пользовании аула</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q>pasture, grazing ground that is in common use of aul</q>
|
||
</abv:tr>
|
||
</sense>
|
||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qæwæn jæ aly fars x˳ymtæ, ugærdæntæ,
|
||
<oRef>særvættæ</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вокруг аула пашни, покосы, пастбища</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">around aul there are arable lands, mowings,
|
||
pastures</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1956 XII 44</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">askʼærdta sæǧtæ <oRef>særvætmæ</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он погнал коз на пастбище</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he drew goats to the pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 151</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bīræǧ: kæcæj cæwys? sæǧ:
|
||
<oRef>særvætæj</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">волк: откуда идешь? коза: с пастбища</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wolf: where are you coming from? the goat:
|
||
from the pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>164</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...fos <oRef>særvætmæ</oRef> k˳y næma
|
||
acæwoj...</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...пока скот еще не пошел на выгон...</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...while the livestock hasn't yet go to the
|
||
pasture...</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нафи"/>
|
||
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæjjaw jæ ræstæg ærvysta
|
||
<oRef>særvæty</oRef></quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пастух проводил время на пастбище</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a shepherd spent his time on a pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 300</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Qazara <oRef>særvætæj</oRef> fosy ʒūg sæwxīz
|
||
dūcynmæ ærtardta</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Казара пригнал с пастбища стадо овец для доения
|
||
после утренней пастьбы</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Kazara drove a sheep herd from the pasture for
|
||
milking after a morning grazing</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ævvaxs <oRef>særvætmæ</oRef> awad
|
||
Beci</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Беци пошел на ближнее пастбище</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Betsi went to the closest pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
||
<biblScope>86</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr ærdūz <oRef>særvæt</oRef> ū næ qæwæn—
|
||
raǵyjy x˳ymgænd <oRef>særvæty</oRef> jæddæmæ x˳ymæn nal bæzzy</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь поляна служит выгоном для нашего аула,
|
||
то, что прежде было пашней, теперь пригодно только под пастбище</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now the glade serves as a pasture for our aul,
|
||
what earlier used to be an arable land now is suitable only for grazing</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
||
<biblScope>90</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæj ugærdæn wydī, æxsæny
|
||
<oRef>særvætæj</oRef> īw gæppæl wydī</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">какой это был покос, это был (всего лишь)
|
||
клочок от общего выгона</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what a mowing it was, it was (only) a shred
|
||
from the common pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
|
||
<biblScope>162</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bæx arqanæj xiztæj igwærdænæj <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">særvæti</oRef> ’xsæn</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лошадь паслась на аркане между покосом и
|
||
пастбищем</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a horse was grazing on a lasso between a mowing
|
||
and a pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1958 III 25</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...æ bæxtæn ba in <oRef>særvæt</oRef> zænxi
|
||
xeznæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...его коням (мы предоставим) пастись на общем
|
||
выгоне</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...to his horses (we will provide the
|
||
opportunity) to graze on a common pasture</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 127</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. — Когда не хватало покосов, то <oRef/> делили по
|
||
соглашению между домами или фамилиями и превращали в покосные или пахотные участки;
|
||
согласно популярной народной песне, героя Чермена, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kævdæsard"><emph>kavdasard</emph></ref>’a, обошли при таком дележе:
|
||
<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">abon <oRef>særvæt</oRef> bajwærstoj, dæwæn ʒy
|
||
xaj næ radtoj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сегодня поделили выгон, тебе не дали доли</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>Ир. фийау 25</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</note>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. — When people lacked mowings, <oRef/> was divided by
|
||
agreement between houses or families and turned into mowable or arable lands; according to
|
||
the popular folk song, the hero Chermen, as <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kævdæsard"><emph>kavdasard</emph></ref>, was bypassed during such a divide: <example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">abon <oRef>særvæt</oRef> bajwærstoj, dæwæn ʒy
|
||
xaj næ radtoj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">today [they] divided a pasture, [they] didn't
|
||
give you a part</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека._Ир._фийау"/>
|
||
<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</note>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Вс. <name>Миллер</name> и <name>Benveniste</name>, исходя из нереальной
|
||
формы <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">særwat</w></mentioned> (см. выше сноску),
|
||
делят <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>sær-wat</w></mentioned>; вторую часть они отождествляют
|
||
с живым осетинским словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"><w>wat</w> в значении
|
||
<gloss><q>место</q></gloss></ref>, а первую (<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>sær</w></mentioned>) сближают с ав. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>sarəδa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>род</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ṡardha-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>стадо</q></gloss></mentioned>. Если иметь в виду единственно
|
||
засвидетельствованную форму <oRef/>, то такую этимологию придется признать неприемлемой:
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/> во второй части сложных слов сохраняет сильный
|
||
гласный <c>а </c>(см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
|
||
<biblScope>§ 201<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">I I</hi></biblScope></bibl>); далее,
|
||
<c>w</c> в данной позиции (после согласного) может выпасть (ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadat"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">fadwat</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bynat"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">bynwat</w></mentioned>), но никак не превратиться в
|
||
<c>v</c>. Принимая во внимание, что <c>rv</c> может восходить закономерно к <c>br</c>
|
||
(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/> из <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>brātā</w></mentioned> и т. п.), возводим <oRef/> к <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sabra-θa-</w></mentioned>, где <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><m>-θa-</m>
|
||
(<m>-θwa-</m>)</mentioned> — формант коллективности, и, исходя из основного значения
|
||
<gloss><q>общее владение односельчан</q></gloss>, сближаем с <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>шабр</w>, <w>сябр</w>, <w>себр</w>, <w>шабёр</w>, <w>сябер</w>, <w>себёр</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сосед</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>артельщик</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>надольщик,
|
||
который обрабатывает землю совместно с другим крестьянином</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sẽbras</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>товарищ</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>пайщик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>seura</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>общество</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(многочисленные дериваты этого слова и его соответствия в других
|
||
финских языках см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 1006</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>себрá</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>община</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>артель</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для <oRef/>
|
||
устанавливается, таким образом, значение <gloss><q>общинное владение</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>общинная земля</q></gloss>, что полностью поддерживается современными
|
||
реалиями; ср., в частности, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>сябреные земли</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>земли общего пользования</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 383</biblScope></bibl>). Перед нами, стало быть, важная
|
||
скифо-славо-балто-финская социально-хозяйственная изоглосса. — Слово отложилось в
|
||
топонимии Балкарии: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w>Sərbət</w> название урочища
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Ws. <name>Miller</name> and <name>Benveniste</name>, based on unreal
|
||
form <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">særwat</w></mentioned> (see the footnote
|
||
above), divide the word as <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>sær-wat</w></mentioned>; the
|
||
second part they equate with the living Ossetic word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"><w>wat</w> in the meaning <gloss><q>place</q></gloss></ref>, whereas the first one
|
||
(<mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>sær</w></mentioned>) they equate with Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>sarəδa-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>race</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>ṡardha-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>herd</q></gloss></mentioned>. If one keeps in mind the only attested form
|
||
<oRef/>, this etymology must be considered unacceptable: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wat"/> as the second part of compounds preserves the strong vowel
|
||
<c>a</c> (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
|
||
<biblScope>§ 201<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">I I</hi></biblScope></bibl>); also,
|
||
<c>w</c> in this position (after a consonant) may be dropped (cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fadat"/> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">fadwat</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bynat"/> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">bynwat</w></mentioned>), but by no means turn into
|
||
<c>v</c>. Considering that <c>rv</c> may regularly go back to <c>br</c> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_7rvad"/> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w>brātā</w></mentioned> etc.),
|
||
we derive <oRef/> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><w type="rec">sabra-θa-</w></mentioned>,
|
||
where <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><m>-θa-</m> (<m>-θwa-</m>)</mentioned> is an affix that
|
||
denotes collectivity and, based on the main meaning <gloss><q>common posession of fellow
|
||
villagers</q></gloss>, bring it closer to <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šabr</w>, <w>sjabr</w>, <w>sebr</w>, <w>šabjor</w>, <w>sjabjor</w>, <w>sebjor</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>neighbor</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>artisan</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>partner that
|
||
cultivates the land together with another peasant</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sẽbras</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>comrade</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>interest holder</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>seura</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>society</q></gloss><note type="bibl">(multiple derivatives of this word and
|
||
its cognates in other Finno-Ugric languages see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_SKES"/>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 1006</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sebrá</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>community</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>artel</q></gloss></mentioned>. For <oRef/>,
|
||
therefore, the meaning <gloss><q>posession of a community</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>land of a
|
||
community</q></gloss> is established, which is completely supported by the realities
|
||
of that time; cf., in particular, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<phr>sjabrenye zemli</phr>
|
||
<gloss><q>lands of common usage</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 383</biblScope></bibl>). This word is, thus, an important
|
||
Scythian-Slavic-Baltic-Finnish socio-economic isogloss. — The word preserved in the
|
||
toponymics of Balkaria: <mentioned xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><w>Sərbət</w> the name of the
|
||
tract <note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>284</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |