abaev-xml/entries/abaev_somy.xml
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00

311 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">somy</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_somy" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
<form xml:id="form_d898e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>somy</orth></form>
<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>somi</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d898e69">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>клятва</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>vow (n.)</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>somy kænyn</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">клясться</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">vow (v.)</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>божиться</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>swear</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>зарекаться</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>forswear</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"><w>ard</w>
<q>клятва</q></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>ard</w>
<w>xæryn</w></phr>
<gloss><q>клясться</q></gloss></mentioned> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"/>,
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>ard</w>
<w>xæryn</w></phr></mentioned> звучат более торжественно, чем <oRef>somy</oRef>,
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef>somy</oRef>
<w>kænyn</w></phr></mentioned>); ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasxæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>wasxæ</w>
<gloss><q>клятва</q></gloss></ref>. — </note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"><w>ard</w>
<q>oath</q></ref>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>ard</w>
<w>xæryn</w></phr>
<gloss><q>make an oath</q></gloss></mentioned> (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ard"/>,
<mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><w>ard</w>
<w>xæryn</w></phr></mentioned> sound more solemnly than <oRef>somy</oRef>, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr><oRef>somy</oRef>
<w>kænyn</w></phr></mentioned>); cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wasxæ" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
<w>wasxæ</w>
<gloss><q>vow</q></gloss></ref>. — </note>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>somygond</orth></form>
<sense>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поклявшийся</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">vowed</q>
</tr>
</sense>
<sense>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>зарекшийся</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>sworn off</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
</re>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>somyqom</orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(уверенный в чем-либо и потому) способный,
могущий поклясться</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(confident in something and therefore) capable,
able to swear</q>
</tr>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>somy</oRef> jyl bakodton
(x˳ysnægyl)</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я зарекся (красть)</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I have pledged (not to steal)</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>98</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ardygæj fæstæmæ... <oRef>basomy</oRef> kænʒæn
myggagmæ tælætyl</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отныне он навсегда заречется совершать
набеги</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from now on, he will forever renounce
raiding</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>135</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">k˳yd ūdon ūs æmæ læg wyʒysty, ūwyl
<oRef>somy</oRef> bakodtoj, ard baxordtoj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они побожились, (торжественно) поклялись, что
будут женой и мужем</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they swore, (solemnly) vowed that they would be
wife and husband</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>somy</oRef> dyn kænyn warzonʒīnadæj,
ard dyn xæryn æcægʒinadæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">заверяю тебя любовью, клянусь тебе правдой</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I assure you with love, I swear to you the
truth</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
<biblScope>39</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ma <oRef>somy</oRef> kæn æppyndær: madær
arvæj..., madær zæxxæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не клянись вовсе: ни небом... ни землею</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Swear not at all; neither by heaven... nor by
the earth</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">5</hi> 34—35</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bawwændun æj kodta æ somitæj</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он убедил его своими клятвами</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he convinced him with his vows</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">somi mærdtæj ma kænæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не клянись мертвыми</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not swear by the dead</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
<biblScope>80</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kænun æz somi, kud dæddun sin mæ
kizgi</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">клянусь, что отдам им свою дочь</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I swear that I will give them my daughter</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aci tawæræq ænæmængæ ke ʽj, obæl zærond
muddartæ somi kænuncæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что эта история не вымышленная, в этом клянутся
старые пасечники</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old beekeepers swear that this story is not
fictional</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
<biblScope>I 96</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...cæmæj æ somijæn æcæg adtaidæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...чтобы быть верным своей клятве</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">...to be true to your vow</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
<biblScope>II 6</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>sāma</w>
<gloss><q>клятва</q>, <q>присяга</q>, <q>договор</q>,
<q>контракт</q></gloss></mentioned>. Оба слова следует, быть может, сближать с
<lang>др.инд. (вед.)</lang>
<w>Sam-</w>
<gloss><q>Ritualruf</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Wüst</author>, <title>Festschrift für L. Lotz</title>,
<date>1960</date>, <biblScope>стр. 598</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. С семантической
стороны соблазнительно также возведение к
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T171807+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sahman-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, имея в виду
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>s<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T172030+0300" comment="не уверена, что это именно то"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>h-</w>
<gloss><q>возвещать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>śaṁs-</w>
<gloss><q>торжественно возглашать</q>, <q>давать обет</q></gloss>, <w>śaṁsa-</w>
<gloss><q>торжественное слово</q>, <q>благословение</q>,
<q>проклятие</q></gloss></mentioned>;
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T171807+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sahman-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
<oRef>som(i)</oRef>, как <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kahman-</w></mentioned>
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom_1"/> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
<biblScope>599</biblScope></bibl>). — <name>Bailey</name> усматривает в
<oRef>somy</oRef>
<q>клятва</q> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_somun"><w>somun</w>
<q>веять зерно</q></ref> одну и ту же базу
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T172717+0300" comment="иран?"?><m>sam-</m><?oxy_comment_end ?>
со значением <q>соответствовать</q>, <q>подходить</q> и пр. (<bibl><title>Rocznik
Orientalistyczny</title>
<date>1957</date>
<biblScope>XXI 60</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">It is unseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>sāma</w>
<gloss><q>vow</q>, <q>oath</q>, <q>agreement</q>, <q>contract</q></gloss></mentioned>.
Both words should, perhaps, be brought closer to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old" extralang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
<w>Sam-</w>
<gloss><q>Ritualruf</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Wüst</author>, <title>Festschrift für L. Lotz</title>,
<date>1960</date>, <biblScope>p. 598</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. As
for the semantics, it is also tempting to trace it back to
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T171807+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sahman-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>, bearing in mind
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>s<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T172030+0300" comment="не уверена, что это именно то"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>h-</w>
<gloss><q>anounce</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>śaṁs-</w>
<gloss><q>solemnly proclaim</q>, <q>make a vow</q></gloss>, <w>śaṁsa-</w>
<gloss><q>a solemn word</q>, <q>blessing</q>, <q>curse</q></gloss></mentioned>;
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T171807+0300" comment="иран?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">sahman-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>
<oRef>som(i)</oRef>, like <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">kahman-</w></mentioned><ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom_1"/> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
<biblScope>599</biblScope></bibl>). — <name>Bailey</name> sees in <oRef>somy</oRef>
<q>vow</q> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_somun"><w>somun</w>
<q>winnow grain</q></ref> the same stem
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221023T172717+0300" comment="иран?"?><m>sam-</m><?oxy_comment_end ?>
with the meaning <q>match</q>, <q>suite</q> etc. (<bibl><title>Rocznik
Orientalistyczny</title>
<date>1957</date>
<biblScope>XXI 60</biblScope></bibl>).<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/>
<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>