461 lines
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33 KiB
XML
461 lines
No EOL
33 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tūlʒ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_tūlʒ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d2438e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>tūlʒ</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>tolʒæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2438e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дуб</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oak</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Quercus</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Quercus</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tulʒ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bælas"/></orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">id.</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">id.</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒ<ref type="xr" target="#entry_byn_2">byn</ref></orth></form>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒǵyn</orth></form>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒ<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1">qæd</ref></orth></form>
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</re>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дубовый лес</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oak forest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дубовая роща</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oak grove</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дубрава</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oakwood</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>tūlʒ<ref type="xr" target="#entry_qæd_1">qæd</ref></orth></form>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> также</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> is also </note>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">древесина дуба</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oak wood</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дуб как материал</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>oak as a material</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>Tolʒgun</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<def xml:lang="ru">название местности и селения в Дигории</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">name of a locality and village in Digoria</def>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sbaddysty cʼæx næwyl styr <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef>
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bælasy byn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">они уселись на зеленой траве под большим
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дубом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">they sit down on the green grass under a great
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oak</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsænkʼ... tūlʒmæ bacyd æmæ jyn zaǧta:
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<oRef>tūlʒ</oRef>! g˳yrkʼo radd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">блоха пошла к дубу и сказала ему: дуб! дай
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желудь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the flea went to the oak and said to him: oak!
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give me an acorn</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">K˳yrttaty saw qædy <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> bælasy
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xædbyn... lægæt ærcaræʒta... Æfxærdty Gosæma</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в Куртатинском черном лесу под самым дубом
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устроила берлогу Афхардова Госама</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in the Kurtatin black forest, under the very
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oak, Afhardova Gosama made a lair</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
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<biblScope>221</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ fat fexs <oRef>tūlʒyl</oRef>, æmæ kæd ūm
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axīza, wæd yn (nælx˳yjæn) īsty amal kænʒystæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пусти стрелу в дуб, и если она пробьет его, то
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мы с ним (кабаном) как-нибудь справимся</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">shoot an arrow into an oak, and if it pierces
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it, then we will cope with (the boar) somehow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 223</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæmy fæzmgæjæ īw xatt mæ eræʒypp
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ax<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230126T154547+0300" comment="почему этот символ?" id="k4h_tnj_rwb"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230302T220108+0300" parentID="k4h_tnj_rwb" comment="да, странно" mid="1"?>ā<?oxy_comment_end mid="1"?><?oxy_comment_end ?>ston
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<oRef>tūlʒǵynmæ</oRef> memæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">подражая людям, я взял однажды с собой мое
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ружье в дубовую рощу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">imitating people, I once took my gun with me to
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an oak grove</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>96</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(в дигорском
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эсхатологическом тексте душа умершего, покидая тело, недоумевает:) </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">(in the Digor
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eschatological text, the soul of the deceased, leaving the body, wonders: ) </note>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nurmæ dær kud xaston aci <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef>
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kʼuduron!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как могла я до сих пор таскать этот дубовый
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чурбак!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">how could I still carry this piece of oak
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wood!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment">Известна дигорская
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народная лирическая песня <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tolʒæ</q>, где каждый стих
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сопровождается рефреном: </note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment">There is a famous
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Digor folk lyrical song <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Tolʒæ</q>, where each verse is
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accompanied by a refrain: </note>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">woj, <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef>,
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<oRef>tolʒæ</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ой, дуб, дуб!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh, oak, oak!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 520</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>tölgy</w>
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<gloss><q>дуб</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(в старых памятниках отмечены написания <w>töl(fa)</w>,
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<w>tul(fa)</w>)</note></mentioned>. Происхождение этой важной алано-венгерской
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изоглоссы остается спорным. <quote><bibl><author>Sköld</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope>)</bibl> замечает: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Die
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Herkunft des Wortes ist sonst unbekannt</q></quote>. Некоторые финноугристы отстаивают
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финно-угорскую этимологию, привлекая <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
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<w>til'</w>
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<gloss><q>густой молодой хвойный лес</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
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<w>tel'</w>
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<gloss><q>мелкий лес</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>подлесок</q></gloss></mentioned>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu. Hung.</title>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">VI 330–333; ср. в том же журнале: I 326 и XIV
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56–58</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
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<biblScope>279</biblScope></bibl>; ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
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<biblScope>1953 V 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bárczi</author>.
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<title>Magyar szófejtö szótár</title>. <pubPlace>Budapest</pubPlace>,
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<date>1941</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 316</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Однако большинство исследователей
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считают, что на почве уральских языков <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
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<w>tölgy</w></mentioned> не может быть разъяснено удовлетворительным образом, и видят в
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нем заимствование из аланского. В последнее время эту точку зрения отстаивает выдающийся
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финский ученый Aulis <name>Joki</name>: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Moórs
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Ansicht über die ung. Herkunft des oss. Wortes ist abzulehnen, wie auch seine sehr
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komplizierte, unhaltbare Beweisführung für die ural. Herkunft des ung. Baumnamens</q>
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<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
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<biblScope>330</biblScope>)</bibl></quote>. Признав слово аланским, обращаемся к
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опытам иранской и индоевропейской этимологии. К сожалению, и они уязвимы со звуковой
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стороны. Сближение с <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>dāru</w>
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<gloss><q>дрова</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>taru</w>
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<gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Вс. Миллер</author></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned>
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предполагает <c>u</c>-эпентезу (<w type="rec">dauru-</w>, <w type="rec">tauru-</w>). Между
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тем такая эпентеза — большая редкость в осетинском. Едва ли не единственный вполне
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надежный случай — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ors</w>
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<gloss><q>белый</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">au-ruša-</w> ← <w type="rec">aruša-</w></mentioned></note></ref>. В словах <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w>
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<gloss><q>много</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>paru-</w></mentioned></note></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fus</w>
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<gloss><q>овца</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pasu-</w></mentioned></note></ref>,
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">mud</w>
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<gloss><q>мед</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>madu-</w></mentioned></note></ref>
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имеем не <c>u</c>-эпентезу, а сужение гласного <c>a</c> в соседстве губного согласного; из
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<w type="rec">pauru-</w>, <w type="rec">pausu-</w>, <w type="rec">maudu-</w> мы имели бы
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<w type="rec">fūr</w> | <w>for</w> и т. д., а не <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w></ref> и т. д. Неясно
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также, почему в <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> имеем <c>l</c>, а не <c>r</c> (об условиях появления
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<c>l</c> в осетинском см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>35–41</biblScope></bibl>). В отношении <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>taru</w>
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<gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss></mentioned> следует, кроме того, заметить, что оно стоит
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изолированно и само нуждается в разъяснении (см.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
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<biblScope>I 484</biblScope></bibl>). Повисает в воздухе и конечное <c>-ʒ</c> |
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<c>-ʒæ</c> в <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">tolʒæ</oRef>. Ссылка, что такой же исход отмечен в названии другого дерева — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvylʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syvylʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sībulʒæ</w>
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<gloss><q>карагач</q></gloss></ref>, — явно недостаточна; в осетинском имеются десятки
|
||
слов, исходящих на <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c>, не будучи названиями растений: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynʒ"><w>fynʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>нос</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>палец</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsonʒ"><w>æfsonʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ярмо</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ronʒ"><w>ronʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сукровица</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rynʒ"><w>rynʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>звериная тропа</q></gloss></ref> и др. В рамках нормального звукового развития
|
||
<oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef> возводится к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>taur(a)ti-</w></mentioned> (<c>-ti-</c> закономерно → <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c>,
|
||
<c>r</c> → <c>l</c> под влиянием <c>i</c> в следующем слоге, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>палец</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">angurtti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"><w>balc</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>поездка</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bār(a)ti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælc"><w>xælc</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>провизия</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwarti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>). Данная этимология позволяет рассматривать
|
||
<oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> как один из дериватов индоевропейской базы <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>teu-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>мощный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>крепкий</q></gloss></mentioned>, используемой, в
|
||
частности, в названиях дерева и некоторых деревянных орудий, а также некоторых крупных
|
||
животных; ср. <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
||
<w>þollr</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>сосна</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>дерево</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>бревно</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tull</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>верхушка дерева</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tol</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Dolle</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>уключина весла</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>τύλος</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>колышек</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>деревянный гвоздь</q></gloss></mentioned>;
|
||
далее: <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>turъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>тур</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taũras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tauris</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>зубр</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ταῦρος</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>бык</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. Для развития значения <q>дуб</q> —
|
||
<q>зубр</q> (<q>мощное дерево</q> — <q>мощное животное</q>) ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">dombu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>do̧bъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>дуб</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dombaj" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dombaj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>зубр</q></gloss></ref>. — На арийской почве с ос. <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> связано,
|
||
возможно, <mentioned xml:lang="khw" extralang="ydg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tūr</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>горный ясень</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 255</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
|
||
<biblScope>609</biblScope></bibl>;
|
||
<bibl><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230126T162544+0300" comment="просто так?" id="ttt_w4j_rwb"?><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 380, V 320</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu.
|
||
Hung.</title>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 330–333</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 331</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>330</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tölgy</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>oak</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(writings <w>töl(fa)</w>, <w>tul(fa)</w>)</note></mentioned> were
|
||
noted in old manuscripts. The origin of this important Alan-Hungarian isogloss remains
|
||
debatable. <quote><bibl><author>Sköld</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss.">Oss.</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>36</biblScope>)</bibl> notes: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Die
|
||
Herkunft des Wortes ist sonst unbekannt</q></quote>. Some Finno-Ugric specialists
|
||
defend the Finno-Ugric etymology, drawing on <mentioned xml:lang="kv"><lang/>
|
||
<w>til'</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>dense young coniferous forest</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="udm"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tel'</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>small forest</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>undergrowth</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu. Hung.</title>
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="en">VI 330–333; cf. in the same journal: I 326 and XIV
|
||
56–58</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Лыткин_Гуляев"/>
|
||
<biblScope>279</biblScope></bibl>; cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1953 V 56</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Bárczi</author>.
|
||
<title>Magyar szófejtö szótár</title>. <pubPlace>Budapest</pubPlace>,
|
||
<date>1941</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 316</biblScope></bibl>)</note>.
|
||
However, most researchers believe that <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tölgy</w></mentioned> cannot be explained in a satisfactory way on the basis of the
|
||
Uralic languages, and they see an Alan borrowing in it. Recently, this point of view has
|
||
been defended by an outstanding Finnish researcher Aulis <name>Joki</name>: <quote><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Moórs Ansicht über die ung. Herkunft des oss. Wortes
|
||
ist abzulehnen, wie auch seine sehr komplizierte, unhaltbare Beweisführung für die
|
||
ural. Herkunft des ung. Baumnamens</q>
|
||
<bibl>(<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>330</biblScope>)</bibl></quote>. Recognizing the word as Alanian, we turn
|
||
to the findings of Iranian and Indo-European etymology. Unfortunately, they are also
|
||
vulnerable phonetically. Rapprochement with <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dāru</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>firewood</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taru</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Ws.
|
||
Miller</author></bibl></bibl>)</note></mentioned> suggest the epenthesis of <c>u</c>
|
||
(<w type="rec">dauru-</w>, <w type="rec">tauru-</w>). Meanwhile, such epenthesis is a
|
||
rarity in Ossetic. Almost the only completely reliable case is <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ūrs"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ūrs</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ors</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>white</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">au-ruša-</w> ← <w type="rec">aruša-</w></mentioned></note></ref>. In the words <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>much</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>paru-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fys"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fys</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fus</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>sheep</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>pasu-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myd"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">myd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">mud</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>honey</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>madu-</w></mentioned></note></ref> we do not have <c>u</c>-epenthesis but the
|
||
narrowing of the vowel <c>a</c> in the presence of a labial consonant; <w type="rec">pauru-</w>, <w type="rec">pausu-</w>, <w type="rec">maudu-</w> would have yielded <w type="rec">fūr</w> | <w>for</w> etc. and not <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyr_2"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fyr</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fur</w></ref> etc. It is also
|
||
unclear why in <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> we have <c>l</c> and not <c>r</c> (on the conditions for
|
||
the appearance of <c>l</c> in Ossetic, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>35–41</biblScope></bibl>). As for <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taru</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>tree</q></gloss></mentioned>, it is, moreover, noteworthy that it stands in
|
||
isolation and needs to be explained itself (see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mayrhofer"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 484</biblScope></bibl>). The final <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c> in <oRef xml:lang="os-x-iron">tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef xml:lang="os-x-digor">tolʒæ</oRef> is
|
||
unaccounted for as well. The reference to the same final in the name of another tree, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_syvylʒ"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">syvylʒ</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">sībulʒæ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>elm</q></gloss></ref>, is clearly insufficient; Ossetic has dozens of words
|
||
ending in <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c> that are not names of plants: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fynʒ"><w>fynʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>nose</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>finger</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æfsonʒ"><w>æfsonʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>yoke</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ronʒ"><w>ronʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ichor</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rynʒ"><w>rynʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>animal trail</q></gloss></ref> etc. As part of normal phonetic development,
|
||
<oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> | <oRef>tolʒæ</oRef> is traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>taur(a)ti-</w></mentioned> (<c>-ti-</c> → <c>-ʒ</c> | <c>-ʒæ</c> in a regular way,
|
||
<c>r</c> → <c>l</c> influenced by <c>i</c> in the next syllable, as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æng0ylʒ"><w>æng˳ylʒ</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>finger</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">angurtti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"><w>balc</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>trip</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bār(a)ti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælc"><w>xælc</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>provisions</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwarti-</w></mentioned></note></ref>). This etymology allows us to consider
|
||
<oRef>tūlʒ</oRef> as one of the derivates of the Indo-European base <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>teu-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>powerful</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>strong</q></gloss></mentioned> used, in
|
||
particular, in the names of a tree and some wooden tools, as well as some large animals;
|
||
cf. <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
||
<w>þollr</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>pine</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>tree</q></gloss>,
|
||
<gloss><q>log</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sv"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tull</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>treetop</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="no"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tol</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Dolle</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>oar rowlock</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>τύλος</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>peg</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wooden nail</q></gloss></mentioned>; further:
|
||
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>turъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>taũras</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tauris</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>bison</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ταῦρος</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>bull</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. For the semantic development <q>oak</q> —
|
||
<q>bison</q> (<q>powerful tree</q> — <q>powerful animal</q>), cf. <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">dombu</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>do̧bъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dub</w></mentioned> — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_dombaj" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
||
<w>dombaj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>bison</q></gloss></ref>. — On the Aryan basis, Ossetic <oRef>tūlʒ</oRef>
|
||
relates, perhaps, to <mentioned xml:lang="khw" extralang="ydg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tūr</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>mountain ashetree</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._IIFL"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 255</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Munkácsi._ÁKE"/>
|
||
<biblScope>609</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KSz."/>
|
||
<biblScope>IV 380, V 320</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Sköld._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Moór</author>, <title>Acta Lingu.
|
||
Hung.</title>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 330–333</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller_IF_21"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="en">p. 331</biblScope></bibl>. —
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki._UuI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>330</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |