212 lines
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16 KiB
XML
212 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <w>æǧdaw</w></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "<gloss><q>" "</q></gloss>";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æǧdaw" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240201T192058+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2331e66" type="lemma"><orth>æǧdaw</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2331e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2331e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>обычай</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>custom</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2331e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>адат</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240201T185606+0300" comment="адат really has no good English translation, this is an Islamic term for a local custom but used all over the Caucasus for local traditional law"?>traditional
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law<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2331e88">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>норма поведения</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>rule of conduct</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2331e98">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2331e100">
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<quote>ragon <oRef>æǧdaw</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>древний обычай</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>ancient custom</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>85</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2331e156">
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<quote>alkæmæn je <oRef>’ǧdaw</oRef> jæ gakk ū</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>для каждого его обычай служит его (отличительной) приметой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>for each his custom serves as his (distinctive) sign</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>102</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2331e175">
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<quote><oRef>æǧdawyl</oRef> mard wydysty fydæltæ… padcax, xīcaw, zakon næ
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zydtoj… xīcaw — myggaǵy xīstærtæ, zakon — næ xoxbæsty æǧdæwttæ… ḱī
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axyztaid aǧdawy særty!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ради обычая (наши) предки шли на смерть… царя, начальства, законов не
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знали… начальство — родовые старейшины, закон — обычаи наших гор…
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кто осмелился бы переступить через обычай!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>due to customs (our) ancestors went to death… did not know the tsar,
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the authorities, the laws… the authorities are clan elders, the law
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is the customs of our mountains… who would dare to step over the
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custom!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>102</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2331e195">
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<quote>kæræʒī fæcæǧdūt
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240201T185815+0300" comment="NB: what is this derivation?"?><oRef>æǧdawxal</oRef><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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ænakkægtæ!</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>чтобы вам перебить друг друга, недостойные нарушители обычая!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Kill each other, unworthy violators of the custom!</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>166</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2331e214">
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<quote>sawǵynty <oRef>æǧdawmæ</oRef> gæsgæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>как обыкновенно было у священников</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>according to the custom of the priesthood</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
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<biblScope>1 <w>9</w></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>mardæǧdaw</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обряд оплакивания покойника</q>
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</tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mourning rite</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d2331e134" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>mærdæǧdaw</oRef> gængæ ku ʽrbacæwoncæ…</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда они придут, совершая обряд оплакивания…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when they come mourning…</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>52<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">7–8</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Может быть, восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">haxta-</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e325" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e236" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haxta-</w>
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<gloss><q>правильный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>надлежащий</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>законосообразный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>anahaxta-</w>
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<note type="comment">(= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ænæǧdaw</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>незаконный</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лишенный
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авторитета</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e347" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e258" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>aɣdaw</w> (<w>ʼɣtʼw</w>) <gloss><q>судья</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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Конечное <m>-w</m> в осетинском и согдийском появляется иногда вместо более
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обычного именного суффикса <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<m>-g</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<m>-k</m></mentioned>; ср. колебание <m>-āk</m> ‖ <m>-āw</m> в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e356" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e267" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>’nɣtʼk</w> ‖ <w>’nɣtʼw</w>
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<gloss><q>весь</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>целый</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
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<biblScope>II 75</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> или
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e374" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e285" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>ywrtʼk</w></mentioned> ‖ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e379" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e290" xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
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<w>ywʼrdʼw</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>ячмень</q></gloss></mentioned> и др. Формант <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-aw</m>, <m>-w</m></mentioned> наличен в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæjjaw" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>fæjjaw</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arkʼaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒawma"/> и др. Форма <mentioned xml:lang="xsc"><w type="rec">agdak</w></mentioned> сохранилась в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e394" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e305" xml:lang="xsc"><lang>скифском</lang>
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<gloss>имени</gloss>
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<w>ʽΑρδαγδακος</w></mentioned>. Значение обычая, <oRef>æǧdaw</oRef>, в
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старом осетинском быту колоссально. Другой термин для обычая, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fædg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fædg</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fædgæ</w></ref> (см.), имеет более ограниченную
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сферу применения, но по происхождению, вероятно, так же древен.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>152</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">LII 50 сл</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Maybe goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">haxta-</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e236" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e325" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haxta-</w>
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<gloss><q>right</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>proper</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>lawful</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w>anahaxta-</w>
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<note type="comment">(= <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>ænæǧdaw</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>illegal</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>devoid of
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authority</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e347" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>aɣdaw</w> (<w>ʼɣtʼw</w>) <gloss><q>judge</q></gloss></mentioned>. The
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final <m>-w</m> sometimes occurs in Ossetic and Sogdian instead of the more
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common nominal suffix, <mentioned xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<m>-g</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<m>-k</m></mentioned>; cf. the variation <m>-āk</m> ‖ <m>-āw</m> in
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e356" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>’nɣtʼk</w> ‖ <w>’nɣtʼw</w>
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<gloss><q>all</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>whole</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Gramm._sogd."/>
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<biblScope>II 75</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> or
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e374" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>ywrtʼk</w></mentioned> ‖ <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e379" xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
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<w>ywʼrdʼw</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>barley</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. The suffix <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-aw</m>, <m>-w</m></mentioned> is found in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæjjaw" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>fæjjaw</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_arkʼaw"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ʒawma"/> etc. The form <w type="rec">agdak</w> survived in
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the <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2331e305" xml:id="mentioned_d2331e394" xml:lang="xsc"><lang>Scythian</lang>
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<gloss>name</gloss>
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<w>ʽΑρδαγδακος</w></mentioned>. The importance of the custom,
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<oRef>æǧdaw</oRef>, in traditional Ossetian life is colossal. Another term
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for custom, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fædg"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">fædg</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">fædgæ</w></ref> (see), has a more
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limited scope, but is probably just as ancient in origin.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>152</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><author>Benveniste</author>
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<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSL"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">LII 50 ff</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |