158 lines
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14 KiB
XML
158 lines
No EOL
14 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ḱesena</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_ḱesena" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d222e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ḱesena</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d222e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>kesena</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d222e72">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d222e73">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>замок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>castle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d222e90">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>дом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (?)</note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>house</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (?)</note>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d222e108">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d222e110" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ew doni bilæbæl ew æʒæræg kesenamæ sqærdtæj ma omi ærcardæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он добрался до одного нежилого замка на берегу реки и там
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поселился</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he reached one uninhabited castle on the river bank and settled
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there</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>10%l3</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d222e132" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>i buduri ba æristæftæj ew ors kesena… baʒurdta kesenamæ, ma din omi
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ba ærtæ kizgi</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в степи он заметил белый <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>…
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он позвал в <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>, а там три
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девушки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in the steppe he noticed a white <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>… he called into <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">kesena</hi>, and there were three girls</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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93</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Слово засвидетельствовано в ряде языков Кавказа: <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e276" xml:id="mentioned_d222e154" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-қa-šana</w>
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<gloss><q>каменное надгробное сооружение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e284" xml:id="mentioned_d222e162" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>kašana</w>
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<gloss><q>старинная крепость</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e292" xml:id="mentioned_d222e170" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>käśanä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e297" xml:id="mentioned_d222e175" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>kešene</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e302" xml:id="mentioned_d222e180" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>kešēni</w>
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<gloss><q>надземный склеп</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e311" xml:id="mentioned_d222e189" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>kaš</w>
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<gloss><q>могильник</q></gloss></mentioned>. Первоисточником А. Н. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Генко</hi> считает <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e319" xml:id="mentioned_d222e197" xml:lang="qwm" dialect="qwm-x-polov"><lang/>
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<w>kesenä</w>
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<gloss><q>надгробное сооружение</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><biblScope>Codex cumanicus. XIV в.</biblScope></bibl>); по В. В.
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<hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Бартольду</hi>, так назывались половецкие
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кирпичные мавзолеи, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e330" xml:id="mentioned_d222e208" xml:lang="ky"><lang/>
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<w>käsänä</w>
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<gloss><q>мавзолей</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>XXV 59</biblScope></bibl>). Слово
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встречается в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">русских</hi> грамотах XVI в. в форме
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e342" xml:id="mentioned_d222e220" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>кешень</w></mentioned>: „кешень означает надгробный памятник, каменный
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или деревянный, особливо в виде строения“ (<bibl><biblScope>Д. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Кобеко</hi>. К вопросу о местоположении
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города Сарая, столицы Золотой Орды</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>IV 269–270</biblScope></bibl>:
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„вемо над слугою своим… кешеню поставити и пети по нем и поминати его“).
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Осетинские ссылочные тексты, два из которых приведены выше, не подтверждают
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значения „могильное сооружение“; речь в них идет о каком-то строении, служащем
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или могущем служить для жилья. Это обстоя- тельство побуждает привлечь
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e356" xml:id="mentioned_d222e233" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kāšāna</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kāš</hi> ‘глазурь’, ‘эмаль’)</note>
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<gloss><q>дом, украшенный глазурью</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e366" xml:id="mentioned_d222e243" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>небольшой домик</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e372" xml:id="mentioned_d222e249" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>зимнее жилище</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/></bibl>). Быть может, именно
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персидское слово в этом значении является первоисточником, а смещение значения в
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сторону ‘мавзолея’, ‘склепа’ произошло на тюркской (половецкой)
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почве.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Генко</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗКВ"/><biblScope>V 713</biblScope></bibl>.
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—<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>298</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">This word is attested in some languages of the Caucasus:
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e154" xml:id="mentioned_d222e276" xml:lang="ab"><lang/>
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<w>a-қa-šana</w>
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<gloss><q>tombstone</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e162" xml:id="mentioned_d222e284" xml:lang="abq"><lang/>
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<w>kašana</w>
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<gloss><q>ancient fortress</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e170" xml:id="mentioned_d222e292" xml:lang="kbd"><lang/>
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<w>käśanä</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e175" xml:id="mentioned_d222e297" xml:lang="krc-x-balkar"><lang/>
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<w>kešene</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e180" xml:id="mentioned_d222e302" xml:lang="sva"><lang/>
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<w>kešēni</w>
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<gloss><q>overground crypt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e189" xml:id="mentioned_d222e311" xml:lang="ce"><lang/>
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<w>kaš</w>
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<gloss><q>burial ground</q></gloss></mentioned>. A. N. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Genko</hi> considers <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e197" xml:id="mentioned_d222e319" xml:lang="qwm" dialect="qwm-x-polov"><lang/>
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<w>kesenä</w>
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<gloss><q>tombstone</q></gloss></mentioned> to be the primary source
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(<bibl><biblScope>Codex cumanicus. 14th century</biblScope></bibl>); according
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to V. V. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Bartold</hi>, Polovets brick mausoleums
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were called so, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e208" xml:id="mentioned_d222e330" xml:lang="ky"><lang/>
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<w>käsänä</w>
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<gloss><q>mausoleum</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>XXV 59</biblScope></bibl>). This word is
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attested in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Russian</hi> manuscripts of XVI c. in the
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form <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e220" xml:id="mentioned_d222e342" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>kešenʼ</w></mentioned>: “<hi rendition="#rend_italic">kešenʼ</hi> is a
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tombstone, made of stone or wood, in the form of a building” (<bibl><author>D.
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Kobek</author><biblScope>Towards the location of Saray, the capital of
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the Golden Horde</biblScope></bibl>. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗВО"/><biblScope>IV 269–270</biblScope></bibl>: „vemo nad
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slugoju svoim… kešenju postaviti i peti po nem i pominati ego“). The Ossetic
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reference texts, two of which can be found above, do not confirm the meaning
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“tomb building”; they are about some building, which serves or can serve as
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human habitation. This circumstance leads to the word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e233" xml:id="mentioned_d222e356" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>kāšāna</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">kāš</hi> ‘glaze’, ‘enamel’)</note>
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<gloss><q>house, decorated with glaze</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e243" xml:id="mentioned_d222e366" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>small house</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d222e249" xml:id="mentioned_d222e372" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>winter dwelling</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vullers"/></bibl>). Maybe the Persian word
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itself in this meaning is the primary source, and the shift towards meanings
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‘mausoleum’, ‘crypt’ was done because of Turkic (Polovets)
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influence.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>. —<bibl><author>Genko</author><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗКВ"/><biblScope>V 713</biblScope></bibl>.
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—<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>298</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |