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205 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">cwan_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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<entry xml:id="entry_cwan_1" n="1" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cwan</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cawæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5830e72"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охота</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hunt</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d5830e82">
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e84" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cwany cæwyn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e87" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cawæni cæwun</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5830e90"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охотиться</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hunt</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d5830e101">
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e103" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cwan kænyn</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e106" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cawæn kænun</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5830e109"><def xml:lang="ru">id.</def><def xml:lang="en">id.</def></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d5830e117">
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e119" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>cwanon</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e122" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>cawæjnon</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5830e125"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охотник</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hunter</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d5830e136">
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e138" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>ʒæbidyrʒwan</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5830e141" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ʒæbodurʒawæn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5830e144"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охота за турами</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>hunting for bisons</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d5830e155">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e157">
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<quote>mæ fydæj xwyzdær læg cwany næ axatt</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>лучше моего отца никто не ходил на охоту</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>no one went hunting better than my father</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e176">
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<quote>Xæmyš, Soslan æmæ Wyryzmæg šwany fæšydysty,… īw saw rūvas
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amardtoj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Хамиц, Сослан и Урузмаг отправились на охоту,… убили одну черную
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лису</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Hamitz, Soslan and Uruzmag went hunting, … killed one black fox</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>I
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16</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e195" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>randæ dæn ewnægæj cawæni</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>отправился я один на охоту</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I went hunting alone</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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38</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e217">
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<quote>cwanon cy xox næ basgara, ūcy xox syrdǵyn xony</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>гору, которую он (еще) не разведал, охотник считает богатой дичью</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the hunter considers a mountain he hasn't (yet) explored as wild
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fowl</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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199</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e236">
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<quote>cwanon sag k˳y amary, wæd Æfsatījy kærdīx jæ fyccag æmbælægæn dæddy
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galīw farsæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>когда охотник убивает оленя, то дает «кусок (бога охоты) Афсати»
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первому встречному из левого бока (оленя)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>when a hunter kills a deer, he gives ʼ(god of hunt) Æfsati's piece’
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from the left side of the (deer) to the first comer</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/><biblScope>III
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199</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e256">
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<quote>cwanon læg mærdtæm xæstægdær cæry</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>охотник живет ближе к царству мертвых (т. е. ему постоянно угрожает
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гибель)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the hunter lives closer to the nether world (that is, he is
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constantly threatened with death)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e275">
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<quote>sæwmæ ragi cawæjnon padʒaxmæ bacudæj</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>рано утром охотник пошел к царю</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>early in the morning the hunter went to the king</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/><biblScope>II
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92</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d5830e294">
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<quote>mæ fyd īw kʼwyrīgaj ʒæbidyrʒwan cyd</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мой отец по неделям охотился на туров</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>my father hunted tours for weeks</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/><biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*čyāvana</hi>- от <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čyav</hi>- ʼидтиʼ, ос. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"/>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5830e384" xml:id="mentioned_d5830e318" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>čyāvana-</w>
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<gloss><q>преследование</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сильную ступень от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"/> мы находим также в сращении с превербом
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe</hi>-: д. fe-cæwun ‘проходить’ [см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fecawun"/>].
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Ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_caw"/> ‘случай’ и сложные слова
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">bon-caw</hi> ‘дневной переход’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don-ʒaw</hi> ‘водонос’ [см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_donʒaw"/>] и др. В иронской форме <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan"/> дифтонг <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wa</hi> представляет результат стяжения
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трифтонга <hi rendition="#rend_italic">awæ</hi>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_twag"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tawæg</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bwar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bawær</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nwar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nawær</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">sawær</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swari"/> | sawæri, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rævdwan"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rævdawæn</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ardwan"/> из <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ardawæn</hi>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ran"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rawæn</hi>. — О значении охоты в старом осетинском
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быту говорит культ охотничьего божества <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Æfsatī"/>
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(см. это слово), существование особого охотничьего языка и охотничьего
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фольклора, множество обычаев и суеверий, связанных с охотничьей практикой, и
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наконец нартовский эпос, где охота является излюбленным занятием героев. Поэтому
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считать это слово заимствованием из кавказских языков (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5830e422" xml:id="mentioned_d5830e356" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>čan</w>
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<gloss><q>зверь</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5830e431" xml:id="mentioned_d5830e365" xml:lang="av"><w/>
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<gloss><q>дичь</q></gloss></mentioned>:
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<bibl><author>Bouda</author><biblScope>Caucasica II
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61</biblScope></bibl>) нет оснований.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">It traces back to <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*čyāvana</hi>- from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">čyav</hi>- ʼgoʼ, Ossetic
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"/>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5830e318" xml:id="mentioned_d5830e384" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>čyāvana-</w>
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<gloss><q>chase</q></gloss></mentioned>. The strong vocalization step of
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæwyn"/> is found with the preverb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe</hi>-:
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Digor <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fe-cæwun</hi> ‘go’ [see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fecawun"/>]. Cf. also
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_caw"/> ‘accident’ and compounds <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bon-caw</hi>
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‘daily march’, <hi rendition="#rend_italic">don-ʒaw</hi> ‘water carrier’ [see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_donʒaw"/>] etc. In Iron form <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cwan"/> the diphthong <hi rendition="#rend_italic">wa</hi> represents the result of
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triphthong <hi rendition="#rend_italic">awæ</hi> contraction; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_twag"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">tawæg</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bwar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">bawær</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nwar"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">nawær</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swar"/> |
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<hi rendition="#rend_italic">sawær</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_swari"/> | sawæri, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_rævdwan"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rævdawæn</hi>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ardwan"/> from <hi rendition="#rend_italic">ardawæn</hi>, and also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ran"/> | <hi rendition="#rend_italic">rawæn</hi>. — The cult of the hunting deity <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Æfsatī"/> (see this word) speaks about the meaning
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of hunting in Ossetic life, the existence of a special hunting language and
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hunting folklore, of many customs and superstitions associated with hunting
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practice, and finally the Nart epos, where hunting is its heroes' favourite
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pastime. That is why there is no reason to consider this word as a borrowing
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from Caucasian languages (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5830e356" xml:id="mentioned_d5830e422" xml:lang="av"><lang/>
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<w>čan</w>
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<gloss><q>beast</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5830e365" xml:id="mentioned_d5830e431" xml:lang="av"><w/>
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<gloss><q>wild fowl</q></gloss></mentioned>:
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<bibl><author>Bouda</author><biblScope>Caucasica II
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61</biblScope></bibl>).%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_MSt."/><biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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