324 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
324 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qæwyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_qæwyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d2527e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qæwyn</orth><form xml:id="form_d2527e68" type="participle"><orth>q˳yd</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d2527e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ǧæwun</orth><form xml:id="form_d2527e73" type="participle"><orth>ǧud</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2527e76"><sense xml:id="sense_d2527e77"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быть нужным</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>be needed</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d2527e86"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>недоставать</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>lack</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; как и глаголы <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændyn"><w>fændyn</w>
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<q>хотеть</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrnyn"><w>wyrnyn</w>
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<q>верить</q></ref>, требует объективного построения: логический субъект в родительном
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падеже; употребляется и безлично: <w>qæwy</w>
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<q>нужно</q>, <q>требуется</q></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; as the verbs <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fændyn"><w>fændyn</w>
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<q>want</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrnyn"><w>wyrnyn</w>
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<q>believe</q></ref>, requires an objective construction: a logical subject in the
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genitive case; it is also used impersonally: <w>qæwy</w>
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<q>it is necessary</q>, <q>it is required</q></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d2527e133">
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e135">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cy dæ qæwy?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что тебе нужно?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what do you need?</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e153">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fæqæwaj!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">чтоб тебя недостало!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">may you be missed!</q>
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</tr>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (бранное
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слово)</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (swear
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word)</note>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e177">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">baq˳yd(y) saxat</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нужный момент</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the right moment</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e200">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ næ qæwy ænūsy card, raddæd nyn ænūsy
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kad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не нужна нам вечная жизнь, пусть (Бог) даст нам
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вечную славу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we do not need eternal life, may (God) give us
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eternal glory</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>372</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e223">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cy dæ qæwy, ūj dyn balævar kænʒystæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы подарим тебе (все), что тебе нужно</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we will give you (everything) that you need</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>32</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e247">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæn lævar næ qæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мне не нужно подарка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I do not need a gift</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk.">ibid.</ref></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e269">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nal dæ baqæwʒænī rūvyn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">тебе уже не нужно будет полоть</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you will not need to weed anymore</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e292">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ sær mæ baq˳ydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мне понадобилась твоя помощь (<q>твоя
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голова</q>)";</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I needed your help (<q>your head</q>);</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e314">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">neke ǧawuncæ mæ saw ærfgutæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">никому не нужны мои черные брови</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">no one needs my black eyebrows</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e337">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">necæmæn dæ ǧæwuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(это) тебе ни к чему</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(this) is of no use to you</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>11<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">7—8</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e363" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kærʒin ku xwæra, wæd æj psunæmæ dær cæwun
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ǧæwuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если он будет есть хлеб, то ему понадобится и
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идти в нужник</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if he eats bread, then he will need to go to
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the toilet</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>31<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12—13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e393">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mælætæn dær læg qæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и для смерти (<q>чтобы встретить смерть</q>)
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нужен (настоящий) мужчина</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and for death (<q>to meet death</q>) you need a
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(real) man</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Темыр."/>
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<biblScope>37</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e420">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ fosæj dywwæ fæq˳ydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в моей баранте недостало двоих</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">there were two missing in my
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<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220521T213512+0300" comment="????"?>baranta<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e441">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xal, ærdū ʒy næ fæq˳ydī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он не потерял ни (единой) волосинки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he has not lost a single hair</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e459" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ne ʽfsīnæ, woʒænæn æz nixasi, ka ʽj zonuj, ku
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ǧæwon</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хозяйка, я буду на нихасе, кто знает, может
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быть я понадоблюсь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mistress, I will be at the meeting, who knows,
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maybe they will need me</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>75</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d2527e485">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nur dæ sær baǧudæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь-то тебе понадобилась голова (мужество,
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уменье)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">now you need a head (courage, skill)</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Иранский глагол. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e723" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e506" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
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<w>ɣaw-</w>
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<gloss><q>быть нужным</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e731" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e514" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>ɣaw-</w> (<w>ɣw-</w>) <gloss><q>нуждаться</q>, <q>быть нужным</q></gloss> (часто
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безлично, как в осетинском: <w>ɣwt</w>
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<gloss><q>нужно</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e749" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e532" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w>viɣāj</w>
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<gloss><q>уменьшение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e757" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e540" xml:lang="xbc"><?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220521T204241+0300" comment="!!!"?><lang xml:lang="xbc">кушан. (бактр.)</lang><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<w>γαο-</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi>, BSOAS</ref>
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<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e776" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e559" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>ɣaw-</w>
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<gloss><q>быть нужным</q></gloss></mentioned>. Сюда же, вероятно, встречающийся в
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некоторых персидских диалектах корень <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e785" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e568" xml:lang="fa"><w>gū-</w> в значении
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<gloss><q>хотеть</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/>
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<biblScope>I 115</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e799" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e582" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">γαβ</w> в <w>Φοργαβακος</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>167</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Возможно, что основа глагола
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идентична с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e815" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e598" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w>gav-</w>
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<gloss><q>скот</q></gloss></mentioned> и первоначальное значение было конкретное:
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<q>нуждаться в скоте</q>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e825" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e608" xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
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<w>gavy-</w>
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<gloss><q>желать скота</q></gloss>, а потом вообще <gloss><q>сильно желать
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чего-либо</q></gloss></mentioned>. С усилением гласного <c>æ</c> → <c>a</c> глагол
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получает переходное значение: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">qawyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧawun</w>
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<q>потреблять</q></ref>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
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<biblScope>§ 99</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. Дериватами этого глагола являются <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qaǵǵyn"><w>qaǵǵyn</w>
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<q>недостающий</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawǵydær"><w>qawǵydær</w>
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<q>разница</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qwa"><w>qwa</w>, <w>qwamæ</w>
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<q>должно</q>, <q>нужно</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qwag"><w>qwag</w>
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<q>недостача</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0ydy"><w>q˳ydy</w>
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<q>мысль</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ǧud"><w>ǧud</w>
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<q>забота</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmǧ0yd"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmǧ˳yd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænǧud</w>
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<q>срок</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yddag"><w>q˳yddag</w>
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<q>дело</q></ref>. См. эти слова; ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawyn"/> и
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<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælǧawyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Reichelt"/>
|
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<biblScope>II 48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗИВ"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Климчицкий</hi>, ЗИВ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗИВ"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Фрейман</hi>, ЗИВ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>VII 317</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">An Iranian verb. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e506" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e723" xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ɣaw-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>be needed</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e514" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e731" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ɣaw-</w> (<w>ɣw-</w>) <gloss><q>require</q>, <q>be needed</q></gloss> (often
|
||
impersonal, as in Ossetic: <w>ɣwt</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>it is needed</q></gloss>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e532" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e749" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>viɣāj</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>decrease</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e540" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e757" xml:lang="xbc"><?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20220521T204241+0300" comment="!!!"?><lang xml:lang="xbc">Kushan (Bactrian)</lang><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<w>γαο-</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Gershevitch</hi>, BSOAS</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>1963 XXVI 196</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e559" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e776" xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ɣaw-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>be needed</q></gloss></mentioned>. Also here, probably, the root found in some
|
||
Persian dialects <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e568" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e785" xml:lang="fa"><w>gū-</w> in the meaning
|
||
<gloss><q>want</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 115</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e582" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e799" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">γαβ</w> in <w>Φοργαβακος</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>167</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. It is possible that the verb
|
||
stem is identical to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e598" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e815" xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
|
||
<w>gav-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>cattle</q></gloss></mentioned> and the original meaning was concrete: <q>need
|
||
cattle</q>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2527e608" xml:id="mentioned_d2527e825" xml:lang="sa-vaidika"><lang/>
|
||
<w>gavy-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>want cattle</q></gloss>, and then in general <gloss><q>strongly desire
|
||
something</q></gloss></mentioned>. With another vowel <c>æ</c> → <c>a</c> the verb
|
||
gets a transitive meaning: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">qawyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ǧawun</w>
|
||
<q>consume</q></ref>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ГО"/>
|
||
<biblScope>§ 99</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. The derivatives of this verb are <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qaǵǵyn"><w>qaǵǵyn</w>
|
||
<q>missing</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawǵydær"><w>qawǵydær</w>
|
||
<q>difference</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qwa"><w>qwa</w>, <w>qwamæ</w>
|
||
<q>must</q>, <q>need</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qwag"><w>qwag</w>
|
||
<q>shortage</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0ydy"><w>q˳ydy</w>
|
||
<q>thought</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ǧud"><w>ǧud</w>
|
||
<q>care</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmǧ0yd"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æmǧ˳yd</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ænǧud</w>
|
||
<q>term</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_q0yddag"><w>q˳yddag</w>
|
||
<q>case</q></ref>. See this words; cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qawyn"/> and
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_fælǧawyn"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Reichelt"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 48</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗИВ"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Klimchitsky</hi>, ZIV</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>VI 21</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ЗИВ"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Freiman</hi>, ZIV</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>VII 317</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
||
<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |