411 lines
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22 KiB
XML
411 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">skʼæfyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_skʼæfyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3134e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>skʼæfyn</orth><form type="participle"><orth>skʼæft</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)skʼæfun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>(æ)skʼaft</orth><form type="variant" subtype="parens"><orth>skʼavd</orth></form></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3134e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быстро нести</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>carry quickly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>быстро увлекать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>drag quickly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хватать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>grab</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>утаскивать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>drag away</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>похищать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>steal</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>умыкать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>kidnap</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>skʼæfæg;</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">похититель</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">thief</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>умыкатель (девушки)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>kidnapper</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>skʼæft</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">похищение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kidnapping</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">обычным сочетанием было в прошлом </note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">in the past a usual expression was </note>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ḱyzg skʼæfyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>ḱyzgyskʼæjt</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умыкание девушки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kidnapping of a girl</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">, так как брак путем умыкания был распространенным
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явлением</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">, since marriage by kidnapping was a common
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phenomenon</note>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>donyskʼæfæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">праздник крещения (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хватания воды</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the fest of epyphany (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">grabbing water</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">; в этот день женщины рано утром идут за водой с
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молитвой (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">; on this day, early in the morning, women go for water
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praying (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 269</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">styr kæsgon wærdon ræsuǧd aræzt gawyztæj qal
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syrx wænyg galtæ <oRef>raskʼæftoj</oRef> kærtæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">большую кабардинскую арбу, красиво
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драпированную коврами, резвые рыжие бычки быстро вынесли со двора</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a large Kabardian arba, beautifully draped with
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carpets, was quickly taken out of the yard by quick red bulls</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">maraʒ, swadonæj don
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<oRef>ærbaskʼæf</oRef>!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">живо, принеси воды из родника! </q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">quickly, bring me water from the spring!</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Maniʒæ jæxī askʼæfta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Манидза вырвалась</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Manidzæ broke free</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">aldar ūsy qæbysæj syvællony
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<oRef>raskʼæfta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">князь выхватил ребенка из объятий женщины</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the prince snatched the child from the woman’s
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arms</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>12</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">īw ūs Zældajæn jæ kʼūxæj cyraǧ
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<oRef>raskʼæfta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одна женщина выхватила из руки Залды свечу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">one woman snatched a candle from Zælda’s
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hand</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dymgæ nyxas <oRef>yskʼæfy</oRef>,
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<oRef>yskʼæfy</oRef> tamakojy zyng</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ветер уносит (звуки) речи, уносит искры
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табака</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wind carries away the sounds of speech,
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carries away the sparks of tobacco</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Мысост"/>
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<biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ qal ḱyzǵy nyn fæsqæwy læppūtæ
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<oRef>askʼæftoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нашу гордячку девушку похитили зааульные
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парни</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our proud girl was kidnapped village guys</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>7</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒyrd Lakatæn raddam, <oRef>skʼæfgæ</oRef> jæ
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Xanægatæ akodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы обещали (девушку) Лакаевым, а похитили ее
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Ханаговы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we promised the girl to the Lakaevs, and the
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Khanægovs kidnapped her</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>10</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dywwæty <oRef>skʼæfǵytæ</oRef> dær axsæv
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byrsʒysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">умыкатели обеих (сторон) ворвутся сегодня
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ночью</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the thieves from both sides will break in
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tonight</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(wæjyg) iw ḱyzg
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<oRef>fæ-cæj-yskʼæfta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(великан) едва не утащил одну девушку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(the giant) almost dragged away one girl</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">iræd cy raddaid ūj næ wyd Tajmurazmæ, æmæ jyn
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<oRef>skʼæfyny</oRef> fænd yskodtoj... bæxyl æj aværdtoj æmæ jæ
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<oRef>askʼæftoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у Таймураза нечего было дать в виде калыма, и
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они порешили умыкнуть ее (девушку)... усадили ее на коня и умчали ее</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tajmuraz had nothing to give as a kalym, and
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they decided to steal her (the girl)... they put her on a horse and drove her
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||
away</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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||
<biblScope>47, 48</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ bæǧdaond æj Sajnæg-ældari kizgi
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||
<oRef>raskʼæfun</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">я беру на себя похитить дочь Сайнаг-алдара</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I take over the kidnapping of Sajnæg-ældar’s
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daughter</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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||
<biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">208-209</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aslænbeg <oRef>æskʼæfun</oRef> fændæ iskodta
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||
Xadizætbæl; iron adæmi astæw nekæd adtæj wæxæn æǧdaw, æma eske kurd kinʒi raskʼæfa,
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||
zæǧgæ; Aslænbeg xwarz zudta, Xadizæti ku raskʼæfa, wæd Kʼornati muggagi toggin ke
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||
kænuj, oj</quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Асланбег решил похитить Хадизат; среди
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осетинского народа никогда не было такого обычая, чтобы похищать засватанную за
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||
другого невесту; Асланбег хорошо знал, что, если он похитит Хадизат, он станет
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кровником рода Корнаевых</q>
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</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aslænbeg decided to kidnap Khadizæt; there has
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||
never been such a custom among the Ossetian people to kidnap a bride betrothed to
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another; Aslænbeg knew well that if he kidnapped Khadizæt, he would become a blood
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||
relative of the Kornaev family</q>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1949 II 35</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ʒanaxan ærcæwa ǧæwama
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||
<oRef>skʼavd</oRef></quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Дзанахан должна быть похищена</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dzanakhan must be kidnapped</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
||
<biblScope>100</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">skʼavdi ǧarængæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плач похищенной</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">crying of a kidnapped girl</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
||
<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">kap-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. с наращением <c>s</c>-mobile. Ср.
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>čāpīdan</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>грабить</q></gloss>, <w>čapū</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>грабеж</q>, <q>хищение</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kàmpt</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>haft</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>captus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
|
||
<w>cacht</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>схваченный</q></gloss></mentioned>. Не исключено, что сюда следует отнести и
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>skapta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>удивительный</q>, <q>чудесный</q></gloss></mentioned>, ср. для семантики
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ravir</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>похищать</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>восхищать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>хищение</w> и <w>восхищение</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tʼaceba</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хватать</q></gloss> — <w>aǧ-tʼaceba</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>восхищать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Вероятно, звукосочетанию <c>kap</c> присуща
|
||
звукосимволическая природа и этим объясняется, что созвучные и близкие по значению слова
|
||
мы находим и в других языках, например тюркских. Некоторые относящиеся сюда факты
|
||
приведены под словом <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cævyn"><w>cævyn</w>
|
||
<q>бить</q></ref>. См. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæfyn"/>. Колебание
|
||
начальных <c>kʼ-</c> и <c>skʼ-</c> — как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæppæ"><w>kʼæppæg</w></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæppæg"><w>skʼæppæg</w>
|
||
<q>капкан</q></ref>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">kap-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grab</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. with augmentation of <c>s</c>-mobile. Cf.
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>čāpīdan</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>rob</q></gloss>, <w>čapū</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>robbery</q>, <q>theft</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lv"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kàmpt</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grab</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>haft</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>captus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
|
||
<w>cacht</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>captured</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is possible that this should also include
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>skapta-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>amazing</q>, <q>wonderful</q></gloss></mentioned>, cf. for the semantics
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ravir</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>steal</q></gloss> → <gloss><q>delight</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xiščenije</w> and <w>vosxiščenije</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
|
||
<w>tʼaceba</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grab</q></gloss> — <w>aǧ-tʼaceba</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>delight</q></gloss></mentioned>. Probably, sounds <c>kap</c> have a symbolic
|
||
nature and this explains that there are similar semantically and phonetically words in
|
||
other languages, for example, Turkic. Some relevant facts are given under the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cævyn"><w>cævyn</w>
|
||
<q>beat</q></ref>. See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæfyn"/>. The alternation of
|
||
the initial <c>kʼ-</c> and <c>skʼ-</c> is similar to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kʼæppæ"><w>kʼæppæg</w></ref> || <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæppæg"><w>skʼæppæg</w>
|
||
<q>trap</q></ref>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |