497 lines
No EOL
35 KiB
XML
497 lines
No EOL
35 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">stʼaly</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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||
</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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||
<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_stʼaly" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3591e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>stʼaly</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>(æ)stʼalu</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3591e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>звезда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>star</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>Sæwwon stʼaly</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">утренняя звезда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">morning star</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Bonværnon"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> = <ref type="xr" target="#entry_Bonværnon"/></note>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>Kærdæǵy stʼaly</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вечерняя Венера</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">evening Venus</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> ’ (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">звезда
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травы</q>).</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> ’ (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">grass
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star</q>).</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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||
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Xsærtæg... axæm xæʒarmæ bacyd æmæ jæ kʼūltæ —
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ærǧæw, jæ byn — cʼæx avg, jæ sær — sæwwon <oRef>stʼaly</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Хсартаг вошел в такой дом, что стены у него —
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перламутр, пол — синее стекло, верх — утренняя звезда</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Khsærtæg entered such a house that its walls
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are nacre, the floor is blue glass, the top is a morning star</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>14</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana zydta xīnžinædtæ æmæ šaryl festyn
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kodta <oRef>stʼalytæ</oRef> æmæ mæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Шатана умела чародействовать и сделала так,
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что на потолке появились звезды и месяц</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Satana knew how to work magic and made the
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stars and the moon appear on the ceiling</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 15</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arvyl <oRef>stʼalytæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">звезды на небе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">stars in the sky</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæj jæ calxy ʒag wyd, fælæ
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<oRef>stʼalytæj</oRef> īw fæq˳yd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">круг луны был полон, но из звезд одной
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недостало</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the moon was full, but one of the stars was
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missing</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæjrūxs arvyl tybar-tybur kodta,
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<oRef>stʼalytæ</oRef> kæræʒīmæ xūdtysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">лунный свет сиял на небе, звезды улыбались друг
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другу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the moonlight shone in the sky, the stars
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smiled at each other</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arvy ænæbyn kʼ˳yrf bajʒag
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<oRef>stʼalytæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бездонная глубина неба наполнилась звездами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bottomless depth of the sky was filled with
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stars</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1972 VII 45</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xūr dær ma <oRef>stʼalymæ</oRef> zynggūr
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bawajy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(случается, что) и солнце забегает к звезде
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попросить огня</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(it happens that) and the sun runs to the star
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to ask for fire</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xūraw dyn xūdgæ ḱī kodta,
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<oRef>stʼalyjaw</oRef> ærttīvgæ, ūj dyn abon dard balcy k˳y cæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(твоя дочка,) которая у тебя смеялась, как
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солнце, сияла, как звезда, она сегодня уходит в далекий путь</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(your daughter,) who laughed like the sun,
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shone like a star, she is going on a long journey today</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">из свадебной
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песни</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">from the wedding song</biblScope></bibl>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 372</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rīwy ʽǧnæǵytæ qazync
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<oRef>stʼalytaw</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нагрудные застежки играют, как звезды</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">breast clasps are shining like stars</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cæstytæ <oRef>stʼalytaw</oRef> kaldtoj
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cæxærtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">глаза, как звезды, метали искры</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">eyes like stars, throw sparks</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>140</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">max yn fedtam je <oRef>stʼaly</oRef>
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xūryskæsæny æmæ ærcydystæm cæmæj jyn bakūvæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы видели звезду его на востоке и пришли
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поклониться ему</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we have seen his star in the east, and are come
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to worship him</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">2</hi> 2</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xūr batalyng wyʒæn, æmæ mæj jæ rūxs nal
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radʒæn, æmæ <oRef>stʼalytæ</oRef> arvæj ærxawʒysty</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">солнце померкнет, и луна не даст света своего,
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и звезды спадут с неба</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not
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give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">24</hi> 29</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wælxor <oRef>æstʼalu</oRef> fæidton</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">над солнцем я увидел звезду</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I saw a star above the sun</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 172</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">arvi <oRef>stʼalutæ</oRef> cæfsuncæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на небе горят звезды</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the stars are shining in the sky</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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||
<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kud nixxawdtæj mard i donmæ, oj
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||
<oRef>æstʼalutæ</oRef> widtoncæ</quote>
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||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">как упало тело в воду, это видели (лишь)
|
||
звезды</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(only) the stars saw the body fall into the
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||
water</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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||
<biblScope>43</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
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||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Общеиндоевропейское слово (не засвидетельствовано только в славянском и
|
||
балтийском): <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
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||
<w type="rec">əster-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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||
<w>sitāra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang>(диал.)</lang>
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||
<w>ästarå</w>, <w>ästorä</w>, <w>estore</w>
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||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/>
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||
<biblScope>II 253, III 139</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
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||
<w>isterka</w>, <w>istirk</w>, <w>isteir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
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||
<w>estar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
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<w>istār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
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<w>stārai</w>, <w>stōrai</w>
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<gloss><q>звезда</q></gloss>, <w>starga</w>, <w>stərga</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>глаз</q></gloss>, <gloss><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(диал.)</note>
|
||
<q>планета</q>, <q>звезда</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>ṣ̌rêrʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
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<w>star</w>, <w>sətor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>struk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
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<w>usturak</w>
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</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
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<w>astāri</w>, <w>stärəy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>stārak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
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<w>astārag</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(<w>ʼstʼrg</w>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Boyce"/>
|
||
<biblScope>183</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><lang/>
|
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<w>σταρ-</w>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Humbach</author>. <title>Die Kaniška-Inschrift von
|
||
Surkh-Kotal</title>. <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>,
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||
<biblScope>стр. 28, 30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">astārāk</w> (<w>ʼstʼrʼk</w>), <w>stäri</w> (<w>stʼyr</w>)</mentioned>,
|
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<mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
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<w>ᵃstār</w>, <w>stārik</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
|
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<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>stāraa</w>
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<note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stairnö</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Stern</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ster</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="br"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sterenn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stella</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ścirye</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śre(n)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
|
||
<w>ἀστήρ</w>,
|
||
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T215345+0300" comment="не уверена"?>ἄ<?oxy_comment_end ?>στρον</w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>astʼł</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hastira</w>, <w>hasterza</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>звезда</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ollen</author> — v. <author>Soden</author>. <title>Das
|
||
akkadisch-hethitisches Vokabular</title>. <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>,
|
||
<date>1968</date>
|
||
<biblScope>стр. 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. О возможных семитических
|
||
связях этого слова см. статью <bibl><author>Иллич-Свитыча</author> в сб. <title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Проблемы индоевропейского языкознания</q></title>
|
||
(<pubPlace>М</pubPlace>., <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>стр. 6—7</biblScope>)</bibl>.
|
||
Хотя принадлежность осетинского названия звезды к приведенной группе слов не вызывает
|
||
никаких сомнений, нельзя обойти молчанием некоторые фонетические <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">аномалии</q>: 1. смычно-гортанный (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">кавказкий</q>) <c>tʼ</c>; 2. <c>l</c> вместо ожидаемого
|
||
<c>r</c>; 3. конечный <c>u</c>. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Кавказкие</q> смычные
|
||
в положении после <c>s</c> появляются в осетинском и в некоторых других исконно иранских
|
||
словах: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼælyn"/>
|
||
<q>гибнуть</q>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼælfyn"><w>stʼælfyn</w>
|
||
<q>вздрагивать</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"><w>skʼæt</w>
|
||
<q>хлев</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæryn"><w>skʼæryn</w>
|
||
<q>гнать</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yskʼ"><w>x˳yskʼ</w>
|
||
<q>сухой</q></ref> и др. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>524</biblScope></bibl>). Наличие <c>l</c> вместо <c>r</c> сближает
|
||
<lang>ос.</lang>
|
||
<oRef/> с <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stella</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>astʼł</w></mentioned>. Уже на общеиндоевропейской почве существовали, надо думать,
|
||
параллельно базы <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ster-</w> и <w type="rec">stel-</w></mentioned>; <bibl><name>Оtrębski</name>
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"> (<title>Lateinische Wortdeutungen</title>. KZ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>LXXXIV <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 81 сл.</biblScope>)</bibl>
|
||
приводит, в частности, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang>гр.</lang>
|
||
<w>στίλβω</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>блестеть</q>, <q>сиять</q></gloss></mentioned>. Но можно ли допустить, что
|
||
осетинский, один во всем индоиранском мире, удержал этот редкий древнеиндоевропейский
|
||
вариант? Крайне сомнительно. Еще труднее объяснить конечный <c>-u</c> в дигорском.
|
||
<name>Корш</name> (apud <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 162</biblScope></bibl>) возводил <oRef>stʼalu</oRef> к
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T223455+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">staru̯a-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Сходную догадку высказывает
|
||
<name>Ваiley</name>: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">PossibIy Digor <c>-u</c> = Iron
|
||
<c>-y</c> comes from an earlier nom. sing. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-u̯i</m></mentioned> (with <c>-i</c> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><lang>OIran.</lang>
|
||
<m>-ah</m></mentioned>, as we have <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang>Khotan.</lang>
|
||
<m>-a</m>, <m>-i</m></mentioned>, in the nom. sing.) from а word ending in
|
||
<c>-u̯a-</c></q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1957 XIX 52</biblScope></bibl>). Возможно еще одно решение. Иронскую форму
|
||
<oRef/> ничто не мешает возводить к
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T223545+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">stārya-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> (как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xoly"><w>xoly</w>
|
||
<q>падаль</q></ref> к
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T223545+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">xvarya-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> и т. п.). В дигорском нередко наблюдается
|
||
колебание <c>i</c> || <c>u</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyʒy"><w>ʒigi</w> ||
|
||
<w>ʒugu</w>
|
||
<q>щекотка</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydbylyz"><w>fidbiliz</w> ||
|
||
<w>fudbuluz</w>
|
||
<q>беда</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stur"><w>istur</w> || <w>ustur</w>
|
||
<q>большой</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"><w>zumæg</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">вместо <w>zimæg</w></note>
|
||
<q>зима</q></ref> и обратно — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myst"><w>mistæ</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">вместо <w>mustæ</w></note>
|
||
<q>мышь</q></ref> и др. Не исключено поэтому, что <lang>д.</lang>
|
||
<oRef>stʼalu</oRef> возникло вторично из <w type="rec">stʼali</w> в результате чисто
|
||
дигорского перебоя <c>i</c> → <c>u</c>. В этом случае получает объяснение и <c>l</c>
|
||
вместо <c>r</c>: всякий <c>r</c> перед <c>i</c> (<c>y</c>) закономерно переходит в
|
||
<c>l</c>. Такой же процедурой следует объяснять <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7vzaly"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">vzaly</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ævzalu</w>
|
||
<q>уголь</q></ref>, q. v.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>II 81, 115—116, III 162</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>20, 30</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>18, 524</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
|
||
<biblScope>163</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">A common Indo-European word (not attested only in Slavic and Baltic):
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">əster-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sitāra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ästarå</w>, <w>ästorä</w>, <w>estore</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 253, III 139</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w>isterka</w>, <w>istirk</w>, <w>isteir</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
||
<w>estar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>istār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stārai</w>, <w>stōrai</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>star</q></gloss>, <w>starga</w>, <w>stərga</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>eye</q></gloss>, <gloss><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
|
||
<q>planet</q>, <q>star</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ṣ̌rêrʒ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star</w>, <w>sətor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>struk</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
||
<w>usturak</w>
|
||
</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
||
<w>astāri</w>, <w>stärəy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stārak</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>astārag</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(<w>ʼstʼrg</w>: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Boyce"/>
|
||
<biblScope>183</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xbc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>σταρ-</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Humbach</author>. <title>Die Kaniška-Inschrift von
|
||
Surkh-Kotal</title>. <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>, <date>1960</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>pp. 28, 30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">astārāk</w> (<w>ʼstʼrʼk</w>), <w>stäri</w> (<w>stʼyr</w>)</mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ᵃstār</w>, <w>stārik</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning._Khwar."/>
|
||
<biblScope>6</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stāraa</w>
|
||
<note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._SSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>182</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stairnö</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Stern</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ster</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>star</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="br"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sterenn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stella</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ścirye</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
|
||
<w>śre(n)</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ἀστήρ</w>,
|
||
<w><?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T215345+0300" comment="не уверена"?>ἄ<?oxy_comment_end ?>στρον</w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>astʼł</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="hit"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hastira</w>, <w>hasterza</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>star</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><author>Ollen</author> — v. <author>Soden</author>. <title>Das
|
||
akkadisch-hethitisches Vokabular</title>. <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>,
|
||
<date>1968</date>
|
||
<biblScope>p. 40</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. For possible Semitic
|
||
connections of this word, see the article of <bibl><bibl xml:lang="en"><author>Illich-Svitych</author> in the collection <title><q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">Problems of Indo-European linguistics</q></title>
|
||
(<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1964</date>, <biblScope>pp.
|
||
6—7</biblScope>)</bibl></bibl>. Although there is no doubt that the Ossetic name of
|
||
the star belongs to the above group of words, some phonetic <q>anomalies</q> cannot be
|
||
ignored: 1. ejective (<q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">Caucasian</q>) <c>tʼ</c>; 2.
|
||
<c>l</c> instead of inspected <c>r</c>; 3. final <c>u</c>. <q rendition="#rend_singlequotes">Caucasian</q> stops before <c>s</c> they appear in
|
||
Ossetic and in some other native Iranian words: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼælyn"/>
|
||
<q>perish</q>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stʼælfyn"><w>stʼælfyn</w>
|
||
<q>shudder</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæt"><w>skʼæt</w>
|
||
<q>barn</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_skʼæryn"><w>skʼæryn</w>
|
||
<q>drive</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_x0yskʼ"><w>x˳yskʼ</w>
|
||
<q>dry</q></ref> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>524</biblScope></bibl>). The presence of <c>l</c> instead of <c>r</c>
|
||
connects <lang>Ossetic</lang>
|
||
<oRef/> with <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>stella</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>astʼł</w></mentioned>. Already in the common Indo-European language, there should
|
||
have existed parallel stems <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">ster-</w> and <w type="rec">stel-</w></mentioned>; <bibl><name>Otrębski</name>
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KZ"> (<title>Lateinische Wortdeutungen</title>.
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="jvsin" timestamp="20230216T200306+0300" comment="????"?>KZ<?oxy_comment_end ?></ref>
|
||
<biblScope>LXXXIV <hi rendition="#rend_italic">1</hi> 81 ff.</biblScope>)</bibl> cites
|
||
in particular <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>στίλβω</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>shine</q>, <q>glow</q></gloss></mentioned>. But is it possible to assume that
|
||
Ossetic, alone in the entire Indo-Iranian world, retained this rare old Indo-European
|
||
variant? Extremely doubtful. It is even more difficult to explain the final <c>-u</c> in
|
||
Digor. <name>Korsh</name> (apud <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 162</biblScope></bibl>) traced <oRef>stʼalu</oRef> back to
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T223455+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">staru̯a-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?>. <name>Bailey</name> expresses a similar
|
||
guess: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">PossibIy Digor <c>-u</c> = Iron <c>-y</c> comes
|
||
from an earlier nom. sing. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>-u̯i</m></mentioned> (with
|
||
<c>-i</c> from <mentioned xml:lang="oos"><lang>OIran.</lang>
|
||
<m>-ah</m></mentioned>, as we have <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang>Khotan.</lang>
|
||
<m>-a</m>, <m>-i</m></mentioned>, in the nom. sing.) from a word ending in
|
||
<c>-u̯a-</c></q> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1957 XIX 52</biblScope></bibl>). Another solution is possible. Nothing
|
||
prevents the Iranian form <oRef/> from being traced back to
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T223545+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">stārya-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> (like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xoly"><w>xoly</w>
|
||
<q>carrion</q></ref> to
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="julie" timestamp="20221116T223545+0300" comment="какой язык?"?><w type="rec">xvarya-</w><?oxy_comment_end ?> etc.). In Digor, there is often variants
|
||
<c>i</c> || <c>u</c>: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qyʒy"><w>ʒigi</w> || <w>ʒugu</w>
|
||
<q>tickling</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fydbylyz"><w>fidbiliz</w> ||
|
||
<w>fudbuluz</w>
|
||
<q>trouble</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_stur"><w>istur</w> || <w>ustur</w>
|
||
<q>big</q></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"><w>zumæg</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">instead of <w>zimæg</w></note>
|
||
<q>winter</q></ref> and back — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_myst"><w>mistæ</w>
|
||
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">instead of <w>mustæ</w></note>
|
||
<q>mouse</q></ref> etc. It is therefore possible that <lang>Digor</lang>
|
||
<oRef>stʼalu</oRef> appeared secondarily <w type="rec">stʼali</w> as a result of a purely
|
||
Digor transition <c>i</c> → <c>u</c>. In this case, <c>l</c> instead of <c>r</c> also gets
|
||
an explanation: every <c>r</c> before <c>i</c> (<c>y</c>) regularly changes into <c>l</c>.
|
||
The same procedure should explain <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7vzaly"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">vzaly</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ævzalu</w>
|
||
<q>coal</q></ref>, q. v.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OE</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>II 81, 115—116, III 162</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>20, 30</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>18, 524</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Mann"/>
|
||
<biblScope>163</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |