abaev-xml/entries/abaev_tel.xml
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00

224 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tel</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_tel" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114905+0300" comment="Russian checked" flag="done"?>
<form xml:id="form_d2462e66" type="lemma"><orth>tel</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
<sense xml:id="sense_d2462e69" n="1">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>проволока</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>wire</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense n="2">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>телеграмма</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>telegram</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<re>
<form type="lemma"><orth>tel <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cævyn"/></orth></form>
<sense>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">телеграфировать</q>
</tr>
<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">telegraph</q>
</tr>
<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q>ударить проволоку</q>)</note>
<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q>hit the wire</q>)</note>
</sense>
</re>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>telæj</oRef> bast</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">обвязанный проволокой</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">tied with wire</q>
</tr>
</example>
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ænzor æʒoxdær estī arxajuj; ʒæbokæ æ razmæ,
arǧævnæ, kard, zægæltæ, <oRef>teli</oRef> gæppæltæ</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Анзор все время что-то мастерит; перед ним
молоток, клещи, нож, гвозди, обрывки проволоки</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Anzor is always making something; in front of
him there is a hammer, tongs, a knife, nails, wire scraps</q>
</tr>
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
<biblScope>II 32</biblScope></bibl>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
<example>
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">abon <oRef>tel</oRef> rajston</quote>
<tr xml:lang="ru">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сегодня я получил телеграмму</q>
</tr>
<tr xml:lang="en">
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">today I received a telegram</q>
</tr>
</example>
</exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk" extralang="az crh kum nog tr-x-anat"><lang>тюрк. (анат., азерб., крым., кум.,
ног.)</lang>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>нить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>проволока</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>струна</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>телеграмма</q></gloss></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat"><lang/>
<phr>tel vurmak</phr>
<gloss><q>телеграфировать</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(<q>ударить проволоку</q>)</note></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>III 10801081</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
<biblScope>471</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
<biblScope>I 370</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Магазаник</author>.
<title>Тур.-русск. сл.</title>
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1931</date>, <biblScope>стр.
1025</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Далее: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>нить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>проволока</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>телеграмма</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi-Jaba"/></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Курдоев"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>проволока</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="dar"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>проволока</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>телеграмма</q></gloss></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>телеграмма</q></gloss></mentioned>. — В ряде языков, как в турецком и
осетинском, <q>ударить проволоку</q> значит <q>телеграфировать</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<phr>tel xistin</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<phr>tel q̲abize</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
<phr>tel
b<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114108+0300" comment="NB: исправил Абаева, он интерпретировал &quot;я&quot; как ja, на самом деле это фарингализованная a (которую можно записать в данном случае как ä)" flag="done"?>ä<?oxy_comment_end ?>qes</phr></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
<phr>tel jaǧun</phr></mentioned>. — <name>Bailey</name> приводит также <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>ttīla</w>
<gloss><q>проволока</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>струна</q></gloss></mentioned> и считает
слово иранским по происхождению. В этой связи следует привести и <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>tār</w>
<gloss><q>нить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>струна</q></gloss></mentioned>;
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T180650+0300" comment="если это слово которое было только что то почему здесь две точки" id="qdr_nb5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114322+0300" parentID="qdr_nb5_mwb" comment="очеятка (проверил по словарю)" flag="done" mid="3"?><w>tār</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="3"?>
относится к <oRef>tel</oRef>, как
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T180719+0300" comment="перс??" id="tpf_rb5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114424+0300" parentID="tpf_rb5_mwb" comment="непонятно. в персидском-то bēl. я поставил среднеиранский" flag="done" mid="5"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><w type="rec">bār</w>
<note type="comment"> [<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<note type="comment">(из иран.)</note>
<w>bar-i</w></mentioned>]</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="5"?>
к <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bel"><w>bel</w>
<gloss><q>заступ</q></gloss></ref>. Как
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T180719+0300" comment="перс??" id="e3x_xb5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114622+0300" parentID="e3x_xb5_mwb" comment="пусть будет пока ср.иран." flag="done" mid="7"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><w type="rec">bār</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="7"?> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bel"/> возводятся соответственно к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">barθra-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">barθrya-</w></mentioned>, так <w>tār</w> и <oRef>tel</oRef> — к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tarθra-</w></mentioned> и <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tarθrya-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ter-</w>, <w type="rec">tre-</w>
<gloss><q>тереть</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>сверлить</q></gloss></mentioned>, отраженного
также в <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Draht</w>
<gloss><q>проволока</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>thread</w>
<gloss><q>нить</q></gloss></mentioned>. Для ос. <oRef>tel</oRef> естественнее
предполагать заимствование из соседних языков. В исконно иранском слове имели бы
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T175456+0300" comment="просто w?" id="ljr_2c5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114821+0300" parentID="ljr_2c5_mwb" comment="да, но второе тоже w (дигорское), потому что Абаев имеет в виду, что было бы ир. til / диг. tel, а в действительности имеем tel в обоих диалектах, что говорит о заимствовании" flag="done" mid="9"?><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">tīl</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="9"?><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">tel</w>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1966 XXIX 524</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning_Memorial"/>
<biblScope>3033</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="trk" extralang="az crh kum nog tr-x-anat"><lang>Turkic (Anatolian Turkish, Azerbaijani,
Crimean Tatar, Rumyk, Nogai)</lang>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>thread</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wire</q></gloss>,
<gloss><q>string</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>telegram</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tr-x-anat"><lang/>
<phr>tel vurmak</phr>
<gloss><q>telegraph</q></gloss>
<note type="comment">(<q>hit the wire</q>)</note></mentioned>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Радлов"/>
<biblScope>III 10801081</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Räsänen._Versuch"/>
<biblScope>471</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Будагов"/>
<biblScope>I 370</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Magazanik</author>.
<title>Turecko-russkij slovarʼ</title> [Turkish-Russian dictionary].
<pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1931</date>, <biblScope>p.
1025</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Further: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>thread</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>wire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>telegram</q></gloss>
<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Justi-Jaba"/></bibl>. —
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Курдоев"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>wire</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av" extralang="dar"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>wire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>telegram</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
<w>tel</w>
<gloss><q>telegram</q></gloss></mentioned>. — In a number of languages, as in Turkish
and Ossetic, <q>hit the wire</q> means <q>telegraph</q>: <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
<phr>tel xistin</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="av"><lang/>
<phr>tel q̲abize</phr></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="dar"><lang/>
<phr>tel
b<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114108+0300" comment="NB: исправил Абаева, он интерпретировал &quot;я&quot; как ja, на самом деле это фарингализованная a (которую можно записать в данном случае как ä)" flag="done"?>ä<?oxy_comment_end ?>qes</phr></mentioned>,
<mentioned xml:lang="lez"><lang/>
<phr>tel jaǧun</phr></mentioned>. — <name>Bailey</name> also lists <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
<w>ttīla</w>
<gloss><q>wire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>string</q></gloss></mentioned> and considers the
word to be Iranian in origin. In this regard, <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
<w>tār</w>
<gloss><q>thread</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>string</q></gloss></mentioned> should also be
mentioned;
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T180650+0300" comment="если это слово которое было только что то почему здесь две точки" id="qdr_nb5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114322+0300" parentID="qdr_nb5_mwb" comment="очеятка (проверил по словарю)" flag="done" mid="12"?><w>tār</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="12"?>
is related to <oRef>tel</oRef>, as
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T180719+0300" comment="перс??" id="tpf_rb5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114424+0300" parentID="tpf_rb5_mwb" comment="непонятно. в персидском-то bēl. я поставил среднеиранский" flag="done" mid="14"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><w type="rec">bār</w>
<note type="comment"> [<mentioned xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
<note type="comment">(from Iranian)</note>
<w>bar-i</w></mentioned>]</note></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="14"?>
is related to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bel"><w>bel</w>
<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T171404+0300" comment="?????заступ????????"?>spade<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></ref>.
Like
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T180719+0300" comment="перс??" id="e3x_xb5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114622+0300" parentID="e3x_xb5_mwb" comment="пусть будет пока ср.иран." flag="done" mid="17"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira-x-mid"><w type="rec">bār</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="17"?> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_bel"/> are traced back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">barθra-</w></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">barθrya-</w></mentioned> respectively, the same way <w>tār</w> and <oRef>tel</oRef> are
traces back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tarθra-</w></mentioned> and
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">tarθrya-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
<w type="rec">ter-</w>, <w type="rec">tre-</w>
<gloss><q>rub</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>drill</q></gloss></mentioned>, reflected also in
<mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
<w>Draht</w>
<gloss><q>wire</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
<w>thread</w></mentioned>. For Ossetic <oRef>tel</oRef> it is more natural to assume
borrowing from neighboring languages. In the
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T171559+0300" comment="?"?>original<?oxy_comment_end ?>
Iranian word
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230306T171612+0300" comment="??"?>we would
have had<?oxy_comment_end ?>
<?oxy_comment_start author="irina" timestamp="20230204T175456+0300" comment="просто w?" id="ljr_2c5_mwb" flag="done"?><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20230214T114821+0300" parentID="ljr_2c5_mwb" comment="да, но второе тоже w (дигорское), потому что Абаев имеет в виду, что было бы ир. til / диг. tel, а в действительности имеем tel в обоих диалектах, что говорит о заимствовании" flag="done" mid="21"?><w type="rec" xml:lang="os-x-iron">tīl</w><?oxy_comment_end ?><?oxy_comment_end mid="21"?><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">tel</w>.<lb/><bibl><author>Bailey</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
<biblScope>1966 XXIX 524</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Henning_Memorial"/>
<biblScope>3033</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>