616 lines
No EOL
41 KiB
XML
616 lines
No EOL
41 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xæræg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xæræg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T183015+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d83e66" type="lemma"><orth>xæræg</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d83e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>осел</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>donkey</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ишак</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T202246+0300" comment="не знаю стоит ли давать этот синоним"?>ass<?oxy_comment_end ?></q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xæræǵy kʼælæw</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осленок</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey foal</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærægdym</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xærægsynʒ</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">названия растений</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">names of plants</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærægbædæn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бересклет</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spindle tree</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Evonymus europaeus</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q><foreign>Evonymus europaeus</foreign></q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærægwarǧ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиный вьюк</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey load</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>235</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>68</biblScope></bibl>)</note>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærægǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">имеющий осла</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">having a donkey</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærægsast</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ничья в борьбе, состязании</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">draw in a fight, competition</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xærægqæd</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xærægǧædæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">брус-подставка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">foundation beam</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ækkojæ mæ nyxmæ kæm læwwyd <oRef/></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">в (таскании вьюков на) спине против меня не
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устоял бы (даже) осел</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">in (carrying loads on my) back (even) a donkey
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could not stand against me</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>57</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsīny læg cʼæx <oRef>xærægaw</oRef> tu nal
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særfy jæ cæskomæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">господский холуй, подобно серому ишаку, не
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стирает плевков с лица</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a master’s lackey, like a grey donkey, never
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removes spits from his face</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræǵy</oRef> cīn — dændagæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиная ласка — зубами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a donkey’s caress is with its teeth</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">saying</note></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærægæj</oRef> x˳ym bakænʒæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он на осле поле вспашет (на все способен)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he will plow a field with a donkey (able to do
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anything)</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærǵyty</oRef> dūǧy dær īw færazæj
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wyzæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и в скачке ослов один окажется впереди</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">even in a donkeys’ race one will be the
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leader</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">saying</note></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræǵy</oRef> bærkʼa fīwy tyxt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиный помет, завернутый в сало</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey dung wrapped in lard</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">поговорка: снаружи —
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блеск, внутри — дерьмо</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">a saying: lustre outside,
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dung inside</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ wajʒ æftæ jyn <oRef/> warǧæn næ
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axæsʒæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">его упреки (так тяжелы, что) осел не снесет их
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в качестве вьюка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">his reproaches (are so sever that even) a
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donkey will not carry them for a load</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/>, ma amæl, — særd ærcæwʒænīs</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не издыхай, ишак, — придет лето</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">do not die, donkey: summer will come</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">saying</note></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xæræǵy</oRef> dymæg!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ослиный хвост!</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">donkey tail!</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">выражение,
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соответствующее примерно русскому <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">черта
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лысого!</q></biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en"><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T205240+0300" comment="? чёрта лысого"?>an
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expression meaning that the speaker won’t give to the hearer what they asked
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for<?oxy_comment_end ?></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fosæj jæm cy wyd? īw
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<oRef>xæræg</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что у него было из домашнего скота? один
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осел</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what did he have of livestock? one donkey</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Брит."/>
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<biblScope>138</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Copan… naj kodta mūsy mīdæg kʼūda gal æmæ
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cʼæx <oRef>xærægæj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Цопан молотил (зерно) на току c помощью
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бесхвостого быка и серого осла</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Tsopan threshed (grain) on the threshing floor
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with a tailless ox and a grey donkey</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">læppū balxædta īw <oRef/>
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231029T205324+0300" comment="NB: æd"?>æd
|
||
kʼælæw<?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">юноша купил одну ослицу вместе c осленком</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the boy bought one she-ass with (her) foal</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 160</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
|
||
<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūj mæ nymætyn jæxsæj ærcæftæ kodta, æmæ
|
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<oRef/> festadtæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она хлестнула меня войлочной плетью, и я
|
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обратился в осла</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she whipped me with a felt lash, and I turned
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into a donkey</q>
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||
</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>293</biblScope></bibl>
|
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</example>
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<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg <oRef>xærægyl</oRef> ysbadtī
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zyǧ˳ymmæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг сел на осла задом наперед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Uruzmæg sat on the donkey backwards</q>
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||
</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
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<biblScope>22</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
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<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ḱī k˳yz, ḱī <oRef/> dæ?</quote>
|
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">что ты за пес, что ты за ишак?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">what a dog are you, what a donkey?</q>
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</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
|
||
<biblScope>34</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæd mæ gædy ʒyrdtæj bafynæj kænaj, wæd dyn
|
||
<oRef>xærægwarǧ</oRef> syǧzærīn æxca</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">если ты усыпишь меня, рассказывая небылицы, то
|
||
(дам) тебе ослиный вьюк золотых денег</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">if you make me sleep by telling tall tales,
|
||
then (I will give) you a donkey’s load of golden money</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dærǧæfs īwyldær xæragǵyntæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">все (жители) аула Даргафс владеют ослами</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">all the (inhabitants) of the Dærghæfs village
|
||
have donkeys</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
|
||
<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ūmæj <oRef>xærægdær</oRef> ma lag
|
||
wyʒæn!</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">будет ли человек более (подобный) ослу!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">will there be a man more (like) a donkey!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mulk in æ fidæj beræ bajzadæj, fal imæ nur ba
|
||
ewnæg tikis, ewnæg <oRef>xæræg</oRef>, xumi gæppæl æma igwærdænæj ændær necibal
|
||
adtæj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от отца ему досталось много добра, но теперь у
|
||
него ничего уже не было, кроме одного кота, одного осла, клочка пашни и покосного
|
||
участка</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from his father he received many possessions,
|
||
but he no longer had anything now, except for one cat, one donkey, a bit of arable
|
||
land and a mowing plot</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
|
||
<biblScope>127</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef/> bæxi ne ’jjafuj</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">осел не может тягаться с конем</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a donkey cannot compete with a horse</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
|
||
<biblScope>74</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæwæj xevastdær xwænxag <oRef/> dær næma
|
||
fæwwidton</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">упрямее тебя я еще не видел даже горного
|
||
ишака</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I haven’t seen even a mountain donkey more
|
||
stubborn than you</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
|
||
<date>1940</date>
|
||
<biblScope>III 53</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xaraka-</w></mentioned> от <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>. Ср. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><lang>перс.</lang>
|
||
<w>xar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><w>xarak</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>осленок</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>xar</w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ker</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>xrə</w></mentioned></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>nar-xar markab</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел-самец</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xara</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xoro</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xůr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><w>xor</w></mentioned></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xuṛ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>xarak</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xar-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γr-</w></mentioned>)
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>*xarāčarm</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γrʼčrm-</w></mentioned>)
|
||
<gloss><q>ослиная шкура</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khara-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">xara-pati-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>Eselhirt</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Brandenstein</author> — <author>Mayrhofer</author>.
|
||
<title>Antiguo persa</title>. <pubPlace>Madrid</pubPlace>, <date>1958</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>стр. 114, 126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lah"><?oxy_comment_start author="Artyom" timestamp="20230604T210508+0300" comment="нужно добавить, наверное, в базу" flag="done"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<w>khark</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q> и др.</gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Данные осетинского языка
|
||
позволяют предположить, что исходное значение этого индоиранского слова было <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q>; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræ_1"/>.
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"><w>Cʼæx</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></ref> и сейчас, остается в осетинском устойчивым эпитетом
|
||
осла, см. выше цитаты (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>grison</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>серый</q> → <q>осел</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(в частности, у <name>Лафонтена</name>)</note></mentioned> и
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>grauwtje</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q>, буквально <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. Значение <q>серый</q> распознается также в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khara-vaṛna-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">серого цвета</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
||
<bibl><author>Lüders</author> (<title>Textilien im alten Turkistan</title>.
|
||
<date>1936</date>, <biblScope>стр. 35</biblScope>)</bibl> переводит <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">ослиного цвета</q>. Однако естественнее думать, что не
|
||
цвет назван по ослу, а осел по цвету и что <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>khara-vaṛna-</w></mentioned> стоит в одном ряду с такими образованиями как
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śukra-vaṛna-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>светлого цвета</q> и т. п.</gloss></mentioned> Как прямое продолжение
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xər</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. За пределами арийского ср. <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kercap</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>осел</q></gloss></mentioned>, где в первой части <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Windekens"/> (<biblScope>37</biblScope>)</bibl> справедливо усматривает
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="txb"><w>ker-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>серый</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Осел как домашнее вьючное животное известен
|
||
индоиранским на родам от глубокой древности (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 270</biblScope></bibl>). Это относится и к далеким предкам осетин. Не
|
||
случайно неоднократное упоминание об осле в эпосе о Нартах (см. цитаты выше). Знали они и
|
||
дикого осла. В описании Херсонеса Таврического <name>Страбон</name> между прочим сообщает:
|
||
<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Охоты устраиваются в болотах на оленей и кабанов, а в
|
||
степях — на диких ослов (<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>ὀνάγρων</w></mentioned>) и
|
||
косулей</q> (<bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
||
<biblScope>VII 4 8</biblScope></bibl>). — Об использовании слова <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">осел</q> в значении <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">подставка</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">опора</q> и т. п. см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axxæræg"><w>axxæræg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>главная потолочная балка</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ag-xæræg</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ag"><w>ag</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>котел</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">балка, к которой подвешивался котел</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. К приведенному там материалу
|
||
можно добавить <mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang>груз.</lang>
|
||
<note type="comment">(диал.)</note>
|
||
<w>xiraga</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>ослиное деревянное седло</q>, а также <q>козлы, употребляемые при подковке
|
||
волов</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Ахвледиани</author>
|
||
<title>Сборник</title>
|
||
<biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xərək</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>кобылка музык. инструментов</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Уйгур.-русск. сл.</title>
|
||
<pubPlace>М.</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>стр.
|
||
421</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærgæfs"/>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>II 47, 73</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>28, 48, 57, 188</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xaraka-</w></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>. Cf. <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><lang>перс.</lang>
|
||
<w>xar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bqi"><w>xarak</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey foal</q></gloss></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><w>xar</w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ker</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><w>xrə</w></mentioned></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>nar-xar markab</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>he-ass</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>šer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xara</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xoro</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xůr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgy"><w>xor</w></mentioned></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xuṛ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><w>xarak</w></mentioned></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xar-</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γr-</w></mentioned>)
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">xarāčarm</w></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><w>γrʼčrm-</w></mentioned>) <gloss><q>donkey hide</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khara-</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xara-</w></mentioned> в <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w type="rec">xara-pati-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>Eselhirt</q></gloss></mentioned>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Brandenstein</author> — <author>Mayrhofer</author>.
|
||
<title>Antiguo persa</title>. <pubPlace>Madrid</pubPlace>, <date>1958</date>,
|
||
<biblScope>pp. 114, 126</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khara-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lah"><?oxy_comment_start author="Artyom" timestamp="20230604T210508+0300" comment="нужно добавить, наверное, в базу" flag="done"?><lang/><?oxy_comment_end ?>
|
||
<w>khark</w></mentioned>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q> etc.</gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Turner"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. The data of Ossetic allow
|
||
us to conjecture that the original meaning of this Indo-Iranian word was <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræ_1"/>.
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_cʼæx"><w>Cʼæx</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></ref> still remains a stable epithet for a donkey in Ossetic,
|
||
see quotations above (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
|
||
<biblScope>41</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 39</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also <mentioned xml:lang="fr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>grison</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grey</q> → <q>donkey</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(in particular, in <name>Lafontaine</name>)</note></mentioned> and
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="nl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>grauwtje</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q>, lit. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey</q></gloss></mentioned>. The meaning <q>grey</q> is also recognizable in
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khara-vaṛna-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">grey-coloured</q></gloss></mentioned>.
|
||
<bibl><author>Lüders</author> (<title>Textilien im alten Turkistan</title>.
|
||
<date>1936</date>, <biblScope>p. 35</biblScope>)</bibl> translates <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">of donkey colour</q>. But it is more natural to assume
|
||
that it is not the colour that was named for the donkey, but the donkey was named for its
|
||
colour, and that <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>khara-vaṛna-</w></mentioned> is in one
|
||
group with such derivates as <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>śukra-vaṛna-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>light-coloured</q> etc.</gloss></mentioned> A direct continuation is<mentioned xml:lang="hi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xər</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></mentioned>. Outside Aryan cf. <mentioned xml:lang="txb"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kercap</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>donkey</q></gloss></mentioned>, where in the first part <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Windekens"/> (<biblScope>37</biblScope>)</bibl> rightfully sees
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="txb"><w>ker-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>grey</q></gloss></mentioned>. — The donkey as a domesticated beast of burden
|
||
has been known to Indo-Iranian peoples from deep antiquity (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Schrader"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 270</biblScope></bibl>). This also concerns the distant ancestors of the
|
||
Ossetians. The frequent mentions of the donkey in the Nart epics (see quotations above) is
|
||
not accidental. They also knew about the wild donkey. In his description of Chersonesus
|
||
<name>Strabo</name> among other things reports that: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Stags and wild boars are hunted in the marshes, and wild asses (<mentioned xml:lang="grc"><w>ὀνάγρων</w></mentioned>) and roes in the plains</q><note type="footnote">Translation: <bibl>
|
||
<title>The Geography of Strabo</title>. <note type="comment">Literally translated,
|
||
with notes, in three volumes</note>. <pubPlace>London</pubPlace>. <publisher>George
|
||
Bell & Sons</publisher>. <date>1903</date></bibl>. Text quoted from the Perseus
|
||
Digital Library (<ref type="url" target="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu">https://www.perseus.tufts.edu</ref>).</note> (<bibl><author>Strabo</author>
|
||
<biblScope>VII 4 8</biblScope></bibl>). — On the use of the word <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">donkey</q> in the sense of <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">support</q>, <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">buttress</q> etc. see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axxæræg"><w>axxæræg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>main ceiling beam</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>ag-xæræg</w></mentioned>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ag"><w>ag</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>cauldron</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">beam to which the cauldron is
|
||
attached</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>94</biblScope></bibl>)</note>. To the material provided therein we can add
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ka-x-dial"><lang>Georgian</lang>
|
||
<note type="comment">(dialectal)</note>
|
||
<w>xiraga</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>wooden saddle for a donkey</q>, also <q>trestles used when shoeing
|
||
oxen</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><author>Axvlediani</author>
|
||
<title>Sbornik</title>
|
||
<biblScope>200</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ug"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xərək</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>bridge of string instruments</q></gloss>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<bibl><title>Ujgursko-russkij slovarʼ</title> [Uyghur-Russian
|
||
dictionary] <pubPlace>Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1968</date>, <biblScope>p.
|
||
421</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. — Also see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xærgæfs"/>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>II 47, 73</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>26</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>28, 48, 57, 188</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |