372 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
372 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xalyn</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xalyn" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d3911e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xalyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>xæld</orth></form></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ixalun</orth><form type="participle"><orth>ihald</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3911e69" n="1">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>портить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to spoil</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>разрушать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to ruin</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расстраивать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to unsettle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>нарушать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to violate</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>fexalyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>испортить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to ruin</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">разрушить</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to destroy</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>расстроить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to unsettle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>деформировать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to deform</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>æǧdawxal</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нарушающий обычай</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">violating the custom</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<sense n="2">
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>развязывать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to untie</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>распутывать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to untangle</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>rajxalyn</orth><form type="variant"><orth>syxalyn</orth></form><form type="variant"><orth>ajxalyn</orth></form></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>развязать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to untie</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">распутать</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to untangle</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>x˳yd syxalyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">распороть шов</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">to unstitch</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="1">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(tyxǵyn) ædyxdæry card
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<oRef>xaly</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(сильный) портит жизнь более слабому</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(a stronger one) spoils the life of a poorer
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one</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fyd qūs — xæʒar <oRef>xal</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">дурное ухо (искажающее услышанное) (способно)
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разрушить (внести разлад) дом (семью)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a bad ear (distorting things that was heard)
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(is able) to destroy (to sow discord to) a house (a family)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка;
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</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">a proverb; </note><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 204</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">x˳ycaw су ’ǧdaw yskodta, ūj dy næ
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<oRef>fexalʒynæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты не нарушишь порядок, установленный Богом</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you won't disrupt the order settled by the
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God</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæ zard syn ma <oRef>xal</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не нарушай (не расстраивай) их пения</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't ruin (don't unsettle) their singing</q>
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</tr>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ axodæn myn <oRef>fexældtaj</oRef>, nyr myn
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mæ sīxor dær xalys</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты нарушил мой завтрак, теперь нарушаешь и мой
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обед</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you've disrupted my breakfast, now you ruin
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also my lunch</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sawǵyn… <oRef>fexældta</oRef> jæ
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bæstyxaj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">поп разрушил свою постройку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a priest destroyed my building</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>112</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ ors Elia, Saw xonx
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<oRef>fexalæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">о наш белый Елиа, сокруши Черную гору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">oh our white Elia, destroy the Black
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mountain</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>59<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">207</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">dæ unaffæ ma <oRef>fexalæ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не нарушай своего решения</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">don't violate your decision</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>40</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æxsævi ǧos <oRef>ixalgæ</oRef>, ford ne
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’ncajuj, ǧær kænuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">нарушая ночную тишину, река не знает покоя,
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шумит</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">disrupting night silence, a river knows no
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rest, [it] makes the noice</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>54</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" n="2">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">awaʒūt ma mæ fæltaw, <oRef>rajxalūt</oRef> mæ
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bæddæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">отпустите меня лучше, развяжите мои путы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you'd better release me, untie my bonds</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>121</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ ūs myn... <oRef>syxældta</oRef> me
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’xca</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">жена развязала мои деньги</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my wife untied my money</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">G˳yrʒyxan jæ wyrdty bos sinag
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<oRef>ajxældta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Гурдзыхан развязала шнур ремизок (ткацкого
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станка)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Gurdzukhan untied the cord of healds (of a
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weaving loom)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
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<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">syxægtæ ambyrd sty, bændæn
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<oRef>ajxældtoj</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">соседи сбежались (к повесившейся), развязали
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веревку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">neighbors came running (to the woman who hung
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herself), untied the rope</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>77</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mazuq-ældar næwæg xund kinʒæn æ rewi æǧnægutæ
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muri ǧær gængæ <oRef>isixaldta</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Мазук-алдар у новоприведенной невесты стал
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||
расстегивать грудные застежки, (при этом) звеневшие, как колокольчики</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Mazuq-ældar started to unbutton clasps, ringing
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like bells, on the breasts of a just brought bride</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>227</biblScope></bibl>
|
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <w type="rec">wi-kāraya-</w>. Простая основа (без преверба)
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налична в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"><w>kalyn</w>
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<gloss><q>рушить</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>лить</q></gloss></ref> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
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<biblScope>569—570</biblScope></bibl>). Для семантики (<q>разрушать</q> —
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<q>развязывать</q>) ср. <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>kandel</w></mentioned> с теми же значениями. Обращение к <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khallate</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>шатается</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>57—58</biblScope></bibl>) представляется излишним. — См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælyn"/>, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælyn_1"/>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to <w type="rec">wi-kāraya-</w>. The core stem (without a
|
||
preverb) is present in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"><w>kalyn</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>to tear down</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to pour</q></gloss></ref>, etc.
|
||
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ИЭС_I"/>
|
||
<biblScope>569—570</biblScope></bibl>). As for semantics (<q>to ruin</q> — <q>to
|
||
untie</q>), cf. <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>kandel</w></mentioned> with the same meanings. Bringing the word closer to <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>khallate</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>staggers</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>III 143</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>57—58</biblScope></bibl>) we consider to be redundant. — See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kalyn"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kælyn"/>, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælyn_1"/>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |