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229 lines
No EOL
16 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">æ-</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_æ-" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240126T161631+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e66" type="lemma"><orth>æ-</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e69">
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<def xml:lang="ru">негативная частица (α privativum)</def>
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<def xml:lang="en">negative particle (<foreign>α privativum</foreign>)</def>
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</sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e75">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">образует первую часть многих сложных слов со
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значением отсутствия чего-либо: </note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">forms the first part of many compound words
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with the meaning of the absence of something:</note>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e83">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e85" type="lemma"><orth>æ-das</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e88">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>безопасный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>safe</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e99" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e103" type="lemma"><lang/><orth>æ-donug</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e106">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>жажда</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>thirst</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e117">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e119" type="lemma"><orth>æ-ʒæræg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e122">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>безлюдный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>deserted</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e134">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e136" type="lemma"><orth>æ-ʒūx</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e139">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>постоянно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>constantly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cūx"><w>cūx</w>
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<gloss><q>недостача</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cūx"><w>cūx</w>
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<gloss><q>shortage</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e160">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e162" type="lemma"><orth>æ-ʒæskom</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e165">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бессовестный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>shameless</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e176">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e178" type="lemma"><orth>æ-gad</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e181">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бесславный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>inglorious</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e192">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e194" type="lemma"><orth>æ-gomyg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e197">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>немой</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"><w>kom</w>
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<gloss><q>рот</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>mute</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_kom"><w>kom</w>
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<gloss><q>mouth</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e224">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e226" type="lemma"><orth>æ-væd</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e229">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e230">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>бесследный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>traceless</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e239">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">а также </note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>без потомства</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (от <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"><w>fæd</w>
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<gloss><q>след</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>without offspring</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (from <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæd"><w>fæd</w>
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<gloss><q>trace</q></gloss></ref>)</note>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e274">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e276" type="lemma"><orth>æ-væræz</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e279">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>беспомощный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>helpless</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d4221e291">
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<form xml:id="form_d4221e293" type="lemma"><orth>æ-ræǵy</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4221e296">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>недавно</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>recently</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">; cтарыми, уже неразложимыми в сознании говорящих
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сложениями являются, по-видимому, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ægær"><w>æ-gær</w>
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<gloss><q>слишком</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ægas"><w>ægas</w>
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<gloss><q>невредимый</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævast"><w>æ-vast</w>
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<gloss><q>самовольный</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævælmon"><w>æ-vælmon</w>
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<gloss><q>без заботы</q></gloss></ref>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ænūs"><w>æn-ūs</w>
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<gloss><q>вечный</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">; the following words are apparently old, no
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longer synchronically analyzeable combinations: <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ægær"><w>æ-gær</w>
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<gloss><q>too (much)</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ægas"><w>ægas</w>
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<gloss><q>unharmed</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævast"><w>æ-vast</w>
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<gloss><q>willful</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ævælmon"><w>æ-vælmon</w>
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<gloss><q>careless</q></gloss></ref>, and also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ænūs"><w>æn-ūs</w>
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<gloss><q>eternal</q></gloss></ref></note>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к общеиндоевропейской негативной частице <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">n̥-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang>индоиран.</lang>
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<m>a-</m> (<note type="comment">перед гласными</note> —
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<m>an-</m>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e467" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e407" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<m>an-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e472" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e412" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<m>α-</m>, <m>αν-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e477" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e417" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<m>in-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e482" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e422" xml:lang="got" extralang="de"><lang/>
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<m>un-</m></mentioned>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznag"><w>æ-znag</w>
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<gloss><q>враг</q></gloss> ← <gloss><q>незнакомец</q></gloss></ref> =
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e490" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e430" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>á-jñāta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e495" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e435" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἄγνωτος</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e500" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e440" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ignotus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e505" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e445" xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
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<w>in-gnad</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e510" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e450" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>un-kunþs</w></mentioned>. Модификациями этой же частицы являются, в
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историческом плане, предлог и приставка <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ænæ"><w>ænæ</w>
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<gloss><q>без</q></gloss></ref> и отрицание <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næ"><w>næ</w>
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<gloss><q>не</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl>Вс. <author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>II 48</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Goes back to the common Indo-European negative particle
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<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><m type="rec">n̥-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="iir"><lang/>
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<m>a-</m> (<m>an-</m>
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<note type="comment">before vowels</note>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e467" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<m>an-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e472" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<m>α-</m>, <m>αν-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e477" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<m>in-</m></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e482" xml:lang="got" extralang="de"><lang/>
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<m>un-</m></mentioned>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æznag"><w>æ-znag</w>
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<gloss><q>enemy</q></gloss> ← <gloss><q>stranger</q></gloss></ref> =
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e430" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e490" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>á-jñāta-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e435" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e495" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἄγνωτος</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e440" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e500" xml:lang="la"><lang/>
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<w>ignotus</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e445" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e505" xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
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<w>in-gnad</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4221e450" xml:id="mentioned_d4221e510" xml:lang="got"><lang/>
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<w>un-kunþs</w></mentioned>. Modifications of the same particle are,
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historically, the preposition and prefix <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ænæ"><w>ænæ</w>
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<gloss><q>without</q></gloss></ref> and the negation <ref type="xr" target="#entry_næ"><w>næ</w>
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<gloss><q>not</q></gloss></ref>.<lb/><bibl>Ws. <author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
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<biblScope>II 48</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI> |