273 lines
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19 KiB
XML
273 lines
No EOL
19 KiB
XML
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axsyn_1</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_axsyn_1" n="1" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T131135+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2952e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>axsyn</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d2952e68" type="participle"><orth>axst</orth></form></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:id="form_d2952e71" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>axæssun</orth>
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<form xml:id="form_d2952e73" type="participle"><orth>axæsst</orth></form></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2952e76">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2952e77">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ловить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to catch</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2952e86">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>захватывать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to grip</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2952e95">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>занимать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to occupy</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d2952e104">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>арестовывать</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to arrest</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d2952e114">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e116">
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<quote>myst zaǧta: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Wædæ mæ gædy mawal
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<oRef>axsæd</oRef></q></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мышь сказала: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Так пусть кошка меня
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больше не ловит</q></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the mouse said: <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">So may the cat not
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catch me anymore</q></q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОТ"/>
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<biblScope>62</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e135">
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<quote><oRef>ærcaxsta</oRef>
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20240124T125447+0300" comment="NB: можно ли bæxty 'gas?"?>bæxtæn
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se ’gasæj<?oxy_comment_end ?> x˳yzdær</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поймал лучшую из лошадей</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he caught the best of the horses</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
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<biblScope>20</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e154">
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<quote>bilet kæmæ næj, ūdon <oRef>axsgæ kænæm</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>у кого нет билета, тех мы арестовываем</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we arrest those who do not have a ticket</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>89</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e173" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>saw xalon nekæd <oRef>axæssuj</oRef> nard wærccæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>черная ворона никогда не поймает жирной перепелки</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>a black crow will never catch a fat quail</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
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<biblScope>72</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e195" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>taǧd alke æ bæx <oRef>axæssæd</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>живо пусть каждый ловит своего коня</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>let everyone catch their horse quickly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>2</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e218" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>axæssuncæ</oRef> tæxgæ cʼew</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>они ловят птицу на лету</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>they catch birds on the fly</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e240" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>ʒæbodurtæ cid sæ tækkæ siwtæj <oRef>nijjaxæssidæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>горных туров он ловил за рога</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he caught mountain goats by their horns</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/>
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<biblScope>102</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e262" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>bæǧænvadæj næ budurti gælæbotæ <oRef>axæston</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>босиком на наших равнинах я ловил бабочек</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>barefoot, I was catching butterflies on our plains</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Qazb."/>
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<biblScope>31</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e284" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>wæxæn saǧæstæj <oRef>axæst</oRef> æj Tujǧani sær</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>такими думами занята голова Тугана</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Tuyghan’s head is occupied with such thoughts</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes._Ka_ke"/>
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<biblScope>53</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e306" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>gotoni kʼoxtæ <oRef>rajaxæsta</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>он ухватился за поручни плуга</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>he grabbed the plough handles</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1934 III—IV 83</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e328">
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<quote>x˳yssæg mæ <oRef>axsy</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>мне хочется спать</q>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (буквально „сон меня ловит“)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>I want to sleep</q>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en"> (literally <gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">the sleep is catching
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me</q></gloss>)</note>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d2952e350">
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<quote>æfsædtæ ’gas bydyr <oRef>bacaxstoj</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>войска заняли всю равнину</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>troops occupied the whole plain</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Начальное <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>a-</m> —
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<gloss>преверб</gloss></mentioned>. Более старую форму основы дает
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дигорский: <w>xæss-</w>; ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxsyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nyxsyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nixæssun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>xæssun</w>
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<gloss><q>вязнуть</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxsyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræxsyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræxæssun</w>
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<gloss><q>плести обувь <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærḱʼī"><hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">арчи</hi></ref></q></gloss></ref>; <w>xæss-</w> (из <w type="rec">xæxs-</w>), в свою очередь, восходит, возможно, к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e447" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e376" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">hag-s-</w></mentioned>, где <m>s</m> — инхоативный суффикс;
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исходное значение корня <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hag</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>seĝh</w>
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<note type="bibl">по <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Walde-Pok."/>
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<biblScope>II
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481</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>захватывать</q></gloss></mentioned>; ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e457" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e386" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sah-</w>, <w>sāhatḗ</w>
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<gloss><q>побеждать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e465" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e394" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haz-</w>
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<gloss><q>овладевать</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>захватывать</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e479" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e408" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἔχω</w>
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<gloss><q>держать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>владеть</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>захватывать</q></gloss></mentioned>. Звуковое развитие
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слова представляется в следующем виде: <w type="rec">āxag-s</w> → <w type="rec">ā-haxš</w> → <w>axæss-</w> → <w>axs-</w>; что иронский также прошел через
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ступень <w>axæss-</w>, подтверждается с несомненностью словами <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axæst" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/>
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<w>axæst</w>
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<gloss><q>арестант</q></gloss></ref> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axæst6d9on"><w>axæstdon</w>
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<gloss><q>тюрьма</q></gloss></ref>. Семантически менее вероятна связь с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"><w>xæssyn</w>
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<gloss><q>нести</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xarš-</w></mentioned>)</note></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The initial <mentioned xml:lang="os"><m>a-</m> is a
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<gloss>preverb</gloss></mentioned>. An older form of the stem is
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evidenced by Digor: <w>xæss-</w>; cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_nyxsyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">nyxsyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">nixæssun</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssun" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><lang/>
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<w>xæssun</w>
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<gloss><q>to get stuck</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ræxsyn"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">ræxsyn</w><w xml:lang="os-x-digor">ræxæssun</w>
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<gloss><q>to weave <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærḱʼī"><foreign>archi</foreign></ref> shoes</q></gloss></ref>;
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<w>xæss-</w> (from <w type="rec">xæxs-</w>), in its turn, probably goes back
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to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e376" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e447" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*hag-s-</w></mentioned>, where <m>s</m> is an inchoative suffix; the
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initial meaning of the root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hag</w>
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<note type="comment">(<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w>seĝh</w>
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<note type="bibl">according to <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Walde-Pok."/>
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<biblScope>II
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481</biblScope></bibl></note></mentioned>)</note> is <gloss><q>to take
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hold of</q></gloss></mentioned>; cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e386" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e457" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>sah-</w>, <w>sāhatḗ</w>
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<gloss><q>to win</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e394" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e465" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>haz-</w>
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<gloss><q>to acquire</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to grab</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d2952e408" xml:id="mentioned_d2952e479" xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
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<w>ἔχω</w>
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<gloss><q>to hold</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>to possess</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>to get hold of</q></gloss></mentioned>. The phonetic
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development of the word seems to have had the following form: <w type="rec">āxag-s</w> → <w type="rec">ā-haxš</w> → <w>axæss-</w> → <w>axs-</w>; that
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the Iron dialect has also passed through the step <hi rendition="#rend_italic">axæss-</hi> is confirmed with certainty by the <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axæst" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><lang/> words <w>axæst</w>
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<gloss><q>prisoner</q></gloss></ref> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_axæst6d9on"><w>axæstdon</w>
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<gloss><q>prison</q></gloss></ref>. A connection to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæssyn"><w>xæssyn</w>
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<gloss><q>to carry</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xarš-</w></mentioned>)</note></ref> is semantically less
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likely.</etym>
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</entry>
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||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |