abaev-xml/entries/abaev_dard.xml
2025-03-21 13:42:40 +03:00

137 lines
No EOL
10 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">dard</hi></title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. AKʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">????</biblScope>.</bibl>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
<tagsDecl>
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "" "";</rendition>
<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
</tagsDecl>
</encodingDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<entry xml:id="entry_dard" xml:lang="os">
<form xml:id="form_d3584e66" xml:lang="os-x-iron" type="lemma"><orth>dard</orth></form>
<form xml:id="form_d3584e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>idar</orth></form>
<sense xml:id="sense_d3584e72">
<sense xml:id="sense_d3584e73">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>далекий</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>distant</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
<sense xml:id="sense_d3584e82">
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>далеко</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>far (from)</q>
</abv:tr>
</sense>
</sense>
<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3584e92">
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e94">
<quote>dard ū mæ fændag</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>далек мой путь</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>my way is long</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>23</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e113">
<quote>fælyǧtæn īw dard</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>я убегал далеко</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>I was running far away</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e132" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
<usg><lang/></usg>
<quote>eci doni bilæbæl, idard cardæj ew xan</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>далеко на берегу этой реки жил один хан</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>one khan lived far on the banks of this river</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
<biblScope>10<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">4</hi></biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
<abv:example xml:id="example_d3584e154">
<quote>nywwaǧta jæ īw dard qædy</quote>
<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
<q>оставил его в отдаленном лесу</q>
</abv:tr>
<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
<q>left him in a distant forest</q>
</abv:tr>
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/>
<biblScope>116</biblScope></bibl>
</abv:example>
</abv:exampleGrp>
<etym xml:lang="ru">Начальный <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>- (из преверба <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi</hi>-) в дигорском и конечный -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> не оставляют сомнения, что перед нами
застывшее прош. причастие от глагола, означавшего ‘удаляться’ и т. п.: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i-dard</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-tarta</hi>-. Ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e242" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e176" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>vi-tar-</w>
<gloss><q>уносить</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e250" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e184" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
<gloss><q>удалять</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e256" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e190" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vitīrṇatara-</w>
<gloss><q>дальше расположенный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e262" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e196" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>vi-tar-</w>
<gloss><q>переправлять</q></gloss></mentioned>. Простой глагол <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tar</hi>- сохранился в осетинском в значении
‘гнать’, ‘угонять’ (см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæryn_1"/>). Сближение со
славянским <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e273" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e207" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
<w n="0">даль</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e278" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e213" xml:lang="sla"><w n="0">дальний</w></mentioned>
и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>) не объясняет глагольного характера
<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e285" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e221" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w>dard</w></mentioned> и не поддерживается другими иранскими параллелями.
Сопоставление c <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e290" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e226" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>dərəta-</w>
<gloss><q>расколотый</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
<biblScope>30, 35</biblScope></bibl>) неприемлемо со стороны
семантики.</etym>
<etym xml:lang="en">The initial <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i</hi>- (from the
preverb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi</hi>-) in Digor form and the final -<hi rendition="#rend_italic">d</hi> leave no doubt that it is a lexicalized past
participle form of the verb meaning move away etc.: <hi rendition="#rend_italic">i-dard</hi> ← *<hi rendition="#rend_italic">vi-tarta</hi>-. Cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e176" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e242" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
<w>vi-tar-</w>
<gloss><q>take away</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e184" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e250" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w/>
<gloss><q>delete</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e190" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e256" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><w>vitīrṇatara-</w>
<gloss><q>further located</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e196" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e262" xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
<w>vi-tar-</w>
<gloss><q>transport to</q></gloss></mentioned>. A simple verb <hi rendition="#rend_italic">tar</hi>- remains in Ossetic in the meaning drive
out, chase away (see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_tæryn_1"/>). Bringing
together with Slavic <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e207" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e273" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
<w>dalь</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e213" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e278" xml:lang="sla"><w>dalьnij</w></mentioned> etc.
(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/><biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>) does not explain the erbal character
of <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e221" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e285" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
<w>dard</w></mentioned> and is not supported by other Iranian parallels. The
comparison with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3584e226" xml:id="mentioned_d3584e290" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
<w>dərəta-</w>
<gloss><q>cracked</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/><biblScope>30, 35</biblScope></bibl>) is
unacceptable due to semantic reasons.</etym>
</entry>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>