247 lines
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18 KiB
XML
247 lines
No EOL
18 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">qælæs</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_qælæs" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d5097e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>qælæs</orth></form>
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<form xml:id="form_d5097e69" xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ǧælæs</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5097e72"><sense xml:id="sense_d5097e73"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>голос</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>voice</q>
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</abv:tr></sense><sense xml:id="sense_d5097e82"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>глотка</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>throat</q>
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</abv:tr></sense></sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:id="exampleGrp_d5097e92">
|
||
<example xml:id="example_d5097e94">
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">qælæsy ʒag</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во весь голос</q>
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">во всю глотку</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the top of one’s voice</q>
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">at the top of one’s lungs</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example xml:id="example_d5097e123">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ʒæbæxdær baqyrnūt wæ bæzǵyn qælæstæj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">получше подпевайте вашими густыми голосами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sing along better with your thick voices</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Æfx._Xæs."/>
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<biblScope>221</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e146">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dysa kæwynqælæsæj aftæ zæǧy…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Дыса плачущим голосом так говорит…</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Dysa says so in a crying voice…</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>51</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e169">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">nyr fergom kodta jæ qælæs æfsærmyjy
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ḱynʒ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">теперь обнаружила свой голос застенчивая
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невестка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Now the shy daughter-in-law has discovered her
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voice</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Čerm."/>
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<biblScope>117</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e192">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mīǧæj ʒūræg qælæs…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">глас из облака глаголющий</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a voice out of the cloud, which said</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">17</hi> 5</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e219">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">æmæ wydīs qælæs arvæj…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и был глас с небес</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and a voice came from heaven</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Лука"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi> 22</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e245">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ qælæs yn qūsys, fælæ næ zonys, kæcæj
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ærcæwy æmæ kædæm æcæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">голос его слышишь, а не знаешь, откуда он
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приходит и куда уходит</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst
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not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Иоанн"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">3</hi> 8</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e271">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azaw bambærsta kæfq˳yndary qælæsy kæj
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fæcæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Азау поняла, что она идет в пасть дракона</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Azau realized that she was walking into the
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dragon’s mouth</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:id="example_d5097e294">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kujtæ rūvasy sæ qadæsy axastoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">собаки с лаем кинулись на лису (<q>взяли ее в
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глотку</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the dogs barked and rushed at the fox (<q>took
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it in the throat</q>)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>115</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example xml:id="example_d5097e321" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæ komiʒag min mæ ǧælæsæj ku fæjjervæzun
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kodtaj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ты дал моему куску (добыче) ускользнуть из моей
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глотки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">you let my piece (prey) slip out of my
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throat</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
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<biblScope>17<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">12—13</hi></biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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||
<example xml:id="example_d5097e350">
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zærond osæ in æ ʒeʒe æ ǧælæsi bakænuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">старуха вкладывает свой сосок в его рот (в знак
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усыновления кровника и примирения с ним)</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the old woman puts her nipple in his mouth (as
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a sign of adoption of the bloodline and reconciliation with him)</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_DZ"/>
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<biblScope>181</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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||
<etym xml:lang="ru">С давних пор сопоставляется с <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e524" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e376" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>glasъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e529" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e381" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>голос</w></mentioned>. Остается спорным, имеем ли мы дело с первоначальным
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(индоевропейским) родством [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e534" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e386" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>. <w type="rec">gal-so-</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e540" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e392" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>īgarṡä</w>
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<gloss><q>aus vollem Hals</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e556" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e408" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>qælæsy ʒag</phr></mentioned>] или с последующим скифославянским схождением. Первое
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предположение встречает трудности: откуда <c>l</c> в осетинском? (для иранских языков
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характерен ротацизм); откуда второй <c>æ</c>? Ввиду этих неясностей выставить для
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осетинского слова иранский прототип не представляется возможным. Правильнее думать, что
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перед нами специфическое славяно-скифское схождение, возможно заимствование в скифский из
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старославянского с закономерным в этом случае полногласием в осетинском (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e566" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e418" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>glasъ</w></mentioned> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e571" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e423" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>gælæs</w></mentioned>, как <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e576" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e428" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>glaxa</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gælæxxa" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>gælæxxa</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e587" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e439" xml:lang="ccs"><lang/>
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<w>čxar-</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxær"><lang/>
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<w>cæxær</w></ref> и т. п.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>526 сл.</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e602" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e454" xml:lang="ru-x-south"><lang/>
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<w>галáс</w>
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<gloss><q>шум голосов</q>, <q>шумный говор</q>, <q>крики</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> относится сюда же.— Ср.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 287</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">Вс. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Миллер</hi>. ОЭ</ref>
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<biblScope>II 53, 72</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>.— <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Walde-Pok."/>
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<biblScope>I 538</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>350</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">For a long time it has been compared with <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e376" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e524" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>glasъ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e381" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e529" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>golos</w></mentioned>. It remains debatable whether we are dealing with the original
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(Indo-European) relationship [<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e386" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e534" xml:lang="ine"><lang/>. <w type="rec">gal-so-</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e392" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e540" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>īgarṡä</w>
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<gloss><q>aus vollem Hals</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Konow._Gramm."/>
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<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned> = <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e408" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e556" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>qælæsy ʒag</phr></mentioned>] or with the subsequent Scythian-Slavic rapprochement.
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The first assumption meets difficulties: where does <c>l</c> come from in Ossetic? (The
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Iranian languages are characterized by rhotacism); where does the second <c>æ</c> come
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from? In view of these ambiguities, it is not possible to think of an Iranian prototype
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for the Ossetic word. It is more correct to think that we are facing a specific
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Slavic-Scythian convergence, possibly borrowing into Scythian from Old Slavonic with a
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natural in this case fullvoicing in Ossetic (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e418" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e566" xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
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<w>glasъ</w></mentioned> → <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e423" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e571" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>gælæs</w></mentioned>, as in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e428" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e576" xml:lang="ka"><lang/>
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<w>glaxa</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_gælæxxa" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>gælæxxa</w></ref>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e439" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e587" xml:lang="ccs"><lang/>
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<w>čxar-</w></mentioned> → <ref type="xr" target="#entry_cæxær" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<w>cæxær</w></ref> and so on: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>526 cf.</biblScope></bibl>). <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d5097e454" xml:id="mentioned_d5097e602" xml:lang="ru-x-south"><lang/>
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<w>galás</w>
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<gloss><q>the noise of voices</q>, <q>noisy talk</q>, <q>screams</q></gloss>
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<note type="bibl">(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Даль"/></bibl>)</note></mentioned> also belongs here. — Cf.: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Vasmer._REW"/>
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<biblScope>I 287</biblScope></bibl>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>II 53, 72</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr.">Gr.</ref>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
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<biblScope>33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Walde-Pok."/>
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<biblScope>I 538</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Pokorny"/>
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<biblScope>350</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Fraenkel"/>
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<biblScope>131</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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||
</text>
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||
</TEI> |