285 lines
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22 KiB
XML
285 lines
No EOL
22 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">walʒæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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||
</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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||
<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_walʒæg" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="incomplete">
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<form xml:id="form_d387e66" type="lemma"><orth>walʒæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d387e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>весна</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>spring</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>walʒygon</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">весенний</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spring (adj.)</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>весной</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in spring</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>ragwalʒæg</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ранняя весна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">early spring</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ранней весной</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>in early spring</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>walʒygænd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">яровой посев</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spring sowing</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d387e75">
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ zymæg ingæn ū... næ <oRef>walʒæg</oRef> —
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ʒænæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наша зима — это могила, наша весна — рай</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">our winter is our grave, our spring is our
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heaven</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>59</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zyrnæg aīvǧ˳ydta, <oRef>walʒæg</oRef>
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ærævvaxs īs</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">зима миновала, приблизилась весна</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">winter has passed, spring was near</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>17</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ralæwwyd <oRef>walʒæg</oRef>; bæstæ ‘zmælæg
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yssī</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">наступила весна; все пришло в движение</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spring came; everything came into motion</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>27</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/> </usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">rajǧal æj <oRef>walʒæg</oRef>, iʒuluj dujne,
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xor dær næ tavuj, <q>zumægæn kæron</q> — zærbatug zaruj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">проснулась весна, радуется <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(весь) </note> <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(весь) </note>мир,
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и солнце нас греет, <q>зиме конец</q> — поет ласточка</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">spring is awoken, the <note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(весь) </note> <note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(whole)
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</note>world is at joy, and the sun is shining, <q>winter is over</q> — sings the
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swallow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_AK"/>
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<biblScope>I 59—60</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/> </usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>walʒæg</oRef> ku ærcudæj, wæd
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sirdmartæ… ærcudæncæ babæj eci xonxi cormæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">когда наступила весна, охотники пришли опять к
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той горе</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">when spring came, the hunter came back to that
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mountain again</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 96</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">darǧ xæxxon zymæg <oRef>walʒygon</oRef> bonaw
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nyr ærymysyn…</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">долгую горную зиму я вспоминаю теперь, как
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весенний день</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">I remember the long mountain winter as a spring
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day</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>18</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">adæm <oRef>walʒygon</oRef> k˳ystytæ
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kodtoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">люди были заняты весенними работами</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the folk were busy with spring labour</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>124</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…cʼīwtæ ʒy <oRef>walʒygon</oRef> alaz
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særībary zaræg k˳yd kænoj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…чтобы птицы там каждый год весной пели песню
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свободы</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">…so that every year birds would sing us there
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the song of freedom</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
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<biblScope>35</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Насколько очевидна генетическая связь с <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/> <w type="rec">wahar-</w> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned>, настолько
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словообразовательная сторона ставит некоторые трудности, в общем, однако, преодолимые.
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Конечное <w>-æg</w> здесь — вторичный формант, как в <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"><w>zymæg</w> <gloss><q>зима</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzzæg"><w>fæzzæg</w> <gloss><q>осень</q></gloss></ref> (см. эти слова, ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_walʒygænd"><w>walʒy-gænd</w></ref>). Основа <w>walʒ-</w> возводится
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закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wārtī-</w></mentioned> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wahartī-</w></mentioned>, как <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"><w>balc</w> <gloss><q>поездка</q></gloss></ref> к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bārtī-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælc"><w>xælc</w> <gloss><q>провизия</q></gloss></ref> к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xwartī-</w></mentioned> и т. п. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/> <biblScope>572—573</biblScope></bibl>). Ср. также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qælʒæg"><w>qælʒæg</w> <gloss><q>веселый</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wi-gartī-aka-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæmʒæg"><w>wæmʒæg</w> <gloss><q>блевотина</q></gloss></ref> из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wamtī-aka-</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/> <w>aiwi-vantī-</w> <gloss><q>vomissure</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Duchesne — Guillemin</author>. <title>Les composés de l’Avesta</title>.
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<pubPlace>Liège</pubPlace>, <date>1936</date>, <biblScope>стр. 86</biblScope></bibl>).
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Реконструированное <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wārtī-</w></mentioned> находит
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решающую поддержку в <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/> <w>wartī-</w> <note type="comment">(<w>wrṯyy</w>)</note> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned>
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(<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/> <biblScope>XIV
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486<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">572</hi></biblScope></bibl>). Другие иранские
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формы: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/> <w>bahār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/> <w>vōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>vohōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>vihōr</w></mentioned>
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/> <biblScope>I 79, II
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137</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/> <w>wahār</w> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/> <w>wōṛay</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/> <w>wāṛo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/> <w>wōro</w> <gloss><q>лето</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/> <w>wug</w> <note type="comment">(<w type="rec">wāhrt-</w>)</note> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/> <w>vaŋri</w> <gloss><q>весной</q></gloss></mentioned> (местный падеж от
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<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w type="rec">vaŋhar-</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/> <w>vāhara-</w></mentioned> в названии весеннего месяца <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>θura-vāhara-</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/> <w>əvəsor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/> <w>wasāri</w> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned> странным образом
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созвучны доиранскому
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<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230627T154309+0600" comment="и какой это язык в итоге?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vasar-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Или из
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">upa-sarda-</w></mentioned>, как <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/> <w>psarlai</w></mentioned> и пр. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/> <biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>)?</note>
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Гетероклитическая индоевропейская база <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wesṛ-</w></mentioned> || <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wesn-</w></mentioned>
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представлена, далее, в <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/> <w>vasanta</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/> <w>vesna</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/> <w>весна</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/> <w>vāsara</w> <gloss><q>лето</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>pavasaris</w> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/> <w>vār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/> <w>ver</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/> <w>ἔαρ</w></mentioned>,
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<mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/> <w>garun</w> <gloss><q>весна</q></gloss></mentioned>.
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— Ср. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_særd"><w>særd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzzæg"><w>fæzzæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"><w>zymæg</w></ref>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">The genetic connection to <mentioned xml:lang="x-oldirn"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">wahar-</w>
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<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned> is as obvious as difficult the derivational
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side of this equation is. But this difficulties can be overcome. The final <w>-æg</w> here
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is a secondary formant, like in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"><w>zymæg</w>
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<gloss><q>winter</q></gloss></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzzæg"><w>fæzzæg</w>
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<gloss><q>autumn</q></gloss></ref> (see these words, cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_walʒygænd"><w>walʒy-gænd</w></ref>). The stem <w>walʒ-</w> in a regular
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way goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wārtī-</w></mentioned> from
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<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wahartī-</w></mentioned>, like <ref type="xr" target="#entry_balc"><w>balc</w>
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<gloss><q>journey</q></gloss></ref> to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">bārtī-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xælc"><w>xælc</w>
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<gloss><q>supplies</q></gloss></ref> to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">xwartī-</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>572—573</biblScope></bibl>). Cf. also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_qælʒæg"><w>qælʒæg</w>
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<gloss><q>funny</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wi-gartī-aka-</w></mentioned>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wæmʒæg"><w>wæmʒæg</w>
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<gloss><q>vomit</q></gloss></ref> from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wamtī-aka-</w></mentioned>, cf. <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>aiwi-vantī-</w>
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<gloss><q>vomissure</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Duchesne
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— Guillemin</author>. <title>Les composés de l’Avesta</title>.
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<pubPlace>Liège</pubPlace>, <date>1936</date>, <biblScope>p. 86</biblScope></bibl>).
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The reconstructed <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">wārtī-</w></mentioned> gains
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strong support from <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w>wartī-</w>
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<note type="comment">(<w>wrṯyy</w>)</note>
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<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><author>Henning</author>, <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
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<biblScope>XIV 486<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">572</hi></biblScope></bibl>). Other
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Iranic forms include: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>bahār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>vohōr</w></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="fa-x-dial"><w>vihōr</w></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Жуковский"/>
|
||
<biblScope>I 79, II 137</biblScope></bibl>), <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wahār</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wōṛay</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ydg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wāṛo</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wōro</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>summer</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="srh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wug</w>
|
||
<note type="comment">(<w type="rec">wāhrt-</w>)</note>
|
||
<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vaŋri</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>in spring</q></gloss></mentioned> (locative case form of <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><w type="rec">vaŋhar-</w></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vāhara-</w></mentioned> in the name of the spring month <mentioned xml:lang="peo"><w>θura-vāhara-</w></mentioned>.<note type="footnote"><mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
|
||
<w>əvəsor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="zza"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wasāri</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned> sound strangely similar to Pre-Iranian
|
||
<?oxy_comment_start author="elohim" timestamp="20230627T154309+0600" comment="и какой это язык в итоге?"?><mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">vasar-</w></mentioned><?oxy_comment_end ?>. Or do they
|
||
come from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">upa-sarda-</w></mentioned>, like
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>psarlai</w></mentioned> etc. (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._EVP"/>
|
||
<biblScope>60</biblScope></bibl>)?</note> The heteroclitcal Indo-European stem
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wesṛ-</w></mentioned> || <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w type="rec">wesn-</w></mentioned> is further present in <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vasanta</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vesna</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>spring</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vāsara</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>summer</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="lt"><w>pavasaris</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="non"><lang/>
|
||
<w>vār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ver</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="grc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ἔαρ</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>garun</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>spring</q></gloss></mentioned>. — Cf. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_særd"><w>særd</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fæzzæg"><w>fæzzæg</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_zymæg"><w>zymæg</w></ref>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |