358 lines
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23 KiB
XML
358 lines
No EOL
23 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xærd_2</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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||
<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xærd_2" n="2" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231025T202946+0300" comment="Russian checked + English"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d5219e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xærd</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xærd(æ)</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d5219e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>подъем</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (обычно о рельефе дороги); ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"/></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (обычно о рельефе дороги); ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"/></note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the rise</q>
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<note type="comment"> (usually of road terrain); ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"/></note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærdmæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вверх</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">upwards</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>в гору</q>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdygmæ</w></ref></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdygmæ</w></ref></note>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>uphill</q>
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<note type="comment"> ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdygmæ</w></ref></note>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>æmxærd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">круто вверх</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>æmwyrdyg</w></ref></note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>æmwyrdyg</w></ref></note>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">steeply upwards</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>æmwyrdyg</w></ref></note>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xærdaiv</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">не крутой, легкпй подъем</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdygaiv</w></ref></note>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="comment"> ант. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdygaiv</w></ref></note>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">not a steep, easy climb</q>
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<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="comment"> ant. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdygaiv</w></ref></note>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>fæ-, ys-xærd kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">двинуться вверх</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">move upwards</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>преодолевать подъем</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>overcome a climb</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">’sbad īw dæ bæxyl!… <oRef>xærdy</oRef> dyn
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ævælmæcgæ bīræ fæwajʒæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сядешь на своего коня!… на подъеме он долго
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будет бежать не уставая</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sit down on your horse!.. on the climb it will
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run up for a long time without fatigue</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Saw ʒwary <oRef>fæxærdgænænmæ</oRef>
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bacxæccæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">она дошла до начала подъема к Черному
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святилищу</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">she reached the start of the climb to the Black
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Sanctuary</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>52</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">fændag ū <oRef>xærdtæ</oRef> æmæ
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wyrdg˳ytæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(вся) дорога — это подъемы и спуски</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the road is (all) rises and climbs</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><title>газета <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Рæстдзинад</q></title>, <date>25 апр. 1986
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г.</date></bibl>
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<bibl xml:lang="en"><title><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Ræstdzinad</q> newspaper</title>, <date>25 April
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1986</date></bibl></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærdaiv</oRef> ūrs læǧz qæpænyl q˳yst
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sald wafsy qys-qys</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на подъеме по белому гладкому снежному насту
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был слышен скрип оледенелых подошв</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">during the rise up over white smooth packed
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snow the creaking of iced soles</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bar."/>
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<biblScope>69</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">zindtæj <oRef>xærdæbæl</oRef> ungæg
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nad</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">виднелась узкая дорога (ведущая) в гору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a narrow road (leading) uphill was seen</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Iræf"/>
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<biblScope>67</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sawædonæmæ… arf kommæ urdugmæ cæwyn ǧæwuj,
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fæstæmæ ba si don kærz <oRef>xærdi</oRef> xæssun ǧæwuj</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">к роднику надо спускаться в глубокое ущелье, а
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обратно нести воду надо по крутому подъему</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">towards the spring one must descend into a deep
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ravine, and water must be carried back on a steep climb</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<date>1956</date>
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<biblScope>VII 51</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næ wazti nifsæn co fændi liǧz nadbæl, fændi
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<oRef>xærdi</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">одушевленная нашей любовью, шествуй (уверенно)
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хоть по гладкой дороге, хоть в гору</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">animated by our love, walk (assuredly) on a
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smooth road as well as uphill</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Тайм._Мӕ_уарзт"/>
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<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Axsaq Temur… æ bæxæj rafestæg æj ma ’j
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<oRef>xærdi</oRef> æ fæstæ lasta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ахсак Темур спешился c коня и на подъеме повел
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его за собой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Akhsaq Temur came down from his horse and led
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it behind him on the climb</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 84</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kʼaebyla jæ xīcawy kʼaxyl jæ ḱysyl ʒæmby
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aværdta æmæ jæm <oRef>xærdmæ</oRef> ’skast</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">щенок положил свою лапку на ногу хозяина и
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посмотрел на него вверх</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the puppy put its paw onto the master’s leg and
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looked upwards at him</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<date>1956</date>
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<biblScope>V 7</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærdmæ</oRef> cæwyn kæm qæwy, ūm
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wyrdygmæ cæwyn dær baqæwʒæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">там, где приходится идти в гору, придется идти
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и под гору</q>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wherever one has to go uphill, one also has to
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go downhill</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">proverb</note></bibl>
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||
</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærdmæ</oRef> myl ysxæcūt</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">приподымите меня вверх</q>
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||
</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">lift me upwards</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАА"/>
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<biblScope>II 182</biblScope></bibl>
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||
</example>
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<example>
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||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mæg˳yry dūr <oRef>xærdmæ</oRef> sūry</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">бедняка камень преследует (снизу) вверх</q>
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||
</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">a stone chases a poor man upwards (from
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below)</q>
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||
</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">поговорка</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">proverb</note></bibl>
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||
</example>
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<example>
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||
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="ru" type="footnote">Смысл обеих
|
||
поговорок: бедняку во всем не везет.</note>
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||
<note xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" type="footnote">The meaning of
|
||
both proverbs is: a poor man is unlucky in everything.</note>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæ <oRef>xærdmæ</oRef> ’skast</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Садулла посмотрел вверх</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Sadullæ looked upwards</q>
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||
</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>79</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><oRef>xærdmæ</oRef> sqīwync tæltæg
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bæxtæ</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">вверх прядают горячие кони </q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ardent horses are jumping upwards</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Хар._Кадӕг"/>
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||
<biblScope>61</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">В осетинском распознается несколько слов, где перед начальным гласным
|
||
возникает протетический согласный <c>x</c>, нечто вроде <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">затвердевшего</q> spiritus asper; см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xom"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xubeʒæstæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyzyn"/>. Если такого же
|
||
характера начальный <c>x</c> в <oRef/>, то <w type="rec">ærd</w> сближается с <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ərədva-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>высокий</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>arduus</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>крутой</q>, <q>отвесный</q>, <q>высокий</q>, также
|
||
<q>трудный</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
|
||
<w>orto</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>вверх</q></gloss></mentioned>. Не исключено, что <oRef>xærd</oRef>
|
||
<gloss><q>подъем</q></gloss> и <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdyg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>спуск</q></gloss></ref>, заключая один и тот же корень <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ṛdu</w></mentioned>, этимологически идентичны; при этом два
|
||
варианта, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ard</w></mentioned>
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ṛdu</w></mentioned>, использованы в полярных
|
||
значениях. См. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"/>, а также <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrd_2"/>. Колебание начального <c>æ</c> | <c>u</c> (<c>wy</c>) — как в
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændyg"/> ‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_undugæ"><w>undug</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w>æstur</w> ‖ <w>ustur</w></ref> и др. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>479</biblScope></bibl>) производит от базы <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">har-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>идти</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">här-</w></mentioned> и пр.). Но <mentioned xml:lang="os"><c>h-</c></mentioned> перед <mentioned xml:lang="os"><c>a</c></mentioned> в осетинском
|
||
утрачивается, см. <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aǧd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aly"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/> и пр.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">In Ossetic several wards are recognized where the initial vowel is
|
||
preceded by the prothetic consonant <c>x</c>, something like a <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">hardened</q>
|
||
<foreign>spiritus asper</foreign>; see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xom"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xaj"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xubeʒæstæ"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyz"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xyzyn"/>. If the initial
|
||
<c>x</c> in <oRef/> is of the same type, then <w type="rec">ærd</w> is close to
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>ərədva-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>high</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>arduus</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>steep</q>, <q>precipitous</q>, <q>high</q>, also
|
||
<q>difficult</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xto"><lang/>
|
||
<w>orto</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>upwards</q></gloss></mentioned>. It is not exlcuded that <oRef>xærd</oRef>
|
||
<gloss><q>the rise</q></gloss> and <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"><w>wyrdyg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>descent</q></gloss></ref>, containing the same root <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ṛdu</w></mentioned>, are etymologically identical; at the same time
|
||
both variants, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ard</w></mentioned>
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">ṛdu</w></mentioned>, are used in opposite
|
||
meanings. See <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrdyg"/>, and also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_wyrd_2"/>. The alternation of the initial <c xml:lang="os-x-iron">æ</c><c xml:lang="os-x-digor">u</c> (<c>wy</c>) is as in <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ændyg"/>
|
||
‖ <ref type="xr" target="#entry_undugæ"><w>undug</w></ref>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_styr" xml:lang="os-x-digor"><w xml:lang="os-x-iron">æstur</w> ‖
|
||
<w>ustur</w></ref> etc. — <bibl><author>Bailey</author> (<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary">Saka Dictionary</ref>
|
||
<biblScope>479</biblScope></bibl>) derives this word from the stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">har-</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>go</q></gloss></mentioned> (<mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">xar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">här-</w></mentioned> etc.). But <c>h-</c> is lost before <c>a</c> in
|
||
Ossetic, see <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aǧd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_aly"/>,
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_æcæg"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æd"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æm-"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_æmæ"/> etc.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |