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262 lines
No EOL
15 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xīx</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xīx" xml:lang="os-x-digor" abv:completeness="russian-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d598e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xīx</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xexæ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d598e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>хвоя</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>fir needles</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>побег</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sprout</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>почка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>bud</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>ветка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>branch</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сучок</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>knot</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīxǵyn</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хвойный</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">coniferous</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīxǵyn bælas</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хвойное дерево</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">conifer tree</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>xīxǵyn qæd</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">хвойный лес</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">coniferous forest</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</re>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">sæǧ... næzy bælasæn jæ cʼæx sūʒinxoyz
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<oRef>xīxtæ</oRef> xæry</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">коза ест зеленую иглоподобную хвою сосны</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">goat eats green needle-like pine needles</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1957 III 24</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">bælæstæn sæ <oRef>xīxtæ</oRef>
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axsæsta</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">он обрубил сучья у деревьев</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">he cut the branches off the trees</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>225</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ qæræj qædy <oRef>xīx</oRef> zǧæly</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от его крика осыпается лесная хвоя</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from his cry the forest needles crumble</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 70</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">xærīsæn jæ <oRef>xīx</oRef> færæsyd</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">на иве набухают почки</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">buds swell on the willow</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Niger"/>
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<biblScope>152</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">wad-dymgæ stong syrdaw zīly, gom
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<oRef>xīxtæm</oRef> wazal xæssy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ветер кружит, как голодный зверь, наносит стужу
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на голые ветви</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the wind whirls like a hungry beast, chills the
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bare branches</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Xar._Zærdæ"/>
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<biblScope>87</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">razdær næ xæxty <oRef>xīxǵyn</oRef> bælæstæ,
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tūlʒ æmæ syvylʒ paraxatæj, zadysty </quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">раньше в наших горах хвойные деревья, дуб и
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карагач росли в изобилии</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">earlier coniferous trees, oaks and elms grew in
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abundance in our mountains </q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_F."/>
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<biblScope>1967 IV 78</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">cawæjnænttæn... næzuj <oRef>xexæ</oRef> — sæ
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fælmæn xussæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">для охотников сосновая хвоя — их мягкая
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постель</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">for hunters pine needles are their soft bed</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ИАС"/>
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<biblScope>II 466</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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</exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит закономерно к <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w xml:lang="ira">xwaikā-</w></mentioned> и неотделимо от <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
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<w type="rec">xvojka</w>, уменьш. от <w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned>, ср. <mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
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<w>xvôjka</w>
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<gloss><q>хвоя</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
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<w>xôjka</w>
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<gloss><q>ель</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>chwojka</w>
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<gloss><q>вид можжевельника</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>хвойка</w>
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<gloss><q>ветвь хвойного дерева</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>хвойка</w>
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<gloss><q>сосенка</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
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<biblScope>VIII 127</biblScope></bibl>). Заимствование степняками скифами от лесовиков
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славян такого слова как <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">хвоя</q> представляется вполне
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естественным. Отметим, что и осетинские названия ели (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_naz"/>) и сосны (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_næzy"/>) трудно признать оригинальными. Нельзя
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обойти молчанием в связи с ос. <oRef>xīx</oRef> и некоторые припамирские факты: <mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>xax</w>
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<gloss><q>колючка</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
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<biblScope>249</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
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<w>xēx</w>
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<gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss></mentioned> и пр. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/><biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>) производит эти слова от <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šax</w>
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<gloss><q>ветка</q></gloss></mentioned>, что связано с фонетическими трудностями. Не
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исключено, что они связаны с ос. <oRef>xīx</oRef> | <oRef>xexæ</oRef> и служат
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подтверждением того, что припамирские иранские языки также являются осколками
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скифо-сакского мира. См. об этом: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">139—140, гл. <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Скифы и
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сако-афгано-припамирская группа</q></biblScope></bibl>. — Этимологически со
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славянским <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned> связано,
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вероятно, в конечном счете и <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>свая</w></mentioned>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Regularly goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><w xml:lang="ira">xwaikā-</w></mentioned> and is inseparable from <mentioned xml:lang="sla"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
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<w type="rec">xvojka</w>, diminutive from <w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned>, cf.
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<mentioned xml:lang="sh"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
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<w>xvôjka</w>
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<gloss><q>fir needles</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sl"><lang xml:lang="sla"/>
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<w>xôjka</w>
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<gloss><q>spruce</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pl-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>chwojka</w>
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<gloss><q>juniper species</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru-x-dial"><lang/>
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<w>xvojka</w>
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<gloss><q>coniferous tree branch</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="bg"><lang/>
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<w>xvojka</w>
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<gloss><q>pine</q></gloss></mentioned> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Трубачев._ЭССЯ"/>
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<biblScope>VIII 127</biblScope></bibl>). Borrowing of such a word from the Slavic
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foresters by the Scythians dwelling in the steppe seems quite natural. Note that the
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Ossetian names of spruce (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_naz"/>) and pine (<ref type="xr" target="#entry_næzy"/>) are difficult to recognize as original. It is impossible to pass
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over in silence the connection of Ossetic . <oRef>xīx</oRef> with some facts from Pamir:
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<mentioned xml:lang="isk"><lang/>
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<w>xax</w>
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<gloss><q>thorn</q></gloss><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Пахалина"/>
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<biblScope>249</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh" extralang="sgh-x-oroshori"><lang/>
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<w>xēx</w>
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<gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned> etc. <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Morgenstierne</hi> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
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<biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>) traces back these words to<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>šax</w>
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<gloss><q>branch</q></gloss></mentioned>, which is associated with phonetic
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difficulties. It is possible that they are related to Ossetic <oRef>xīx</oRef> |
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<oRef>xexæ</oRef> and are a confirmation of the fact that the Pamir Iranian languages
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are also fragments of the Scythian-Saka world. On this, see: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СЕИ"/>
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<biblScope xml:lang="en">139—140, chapter <q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">Scythians
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and the Saka-Afghan-Pamir group</q></biblScope></bibl>. — Ethymologically, Slavic
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<mentioned xml:lang="sla"><w type="rec">xvoja</w></mentioned> is probably connected in
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the end to <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>svaja</w></mentioned>.</etym>
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</entry>
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||
</body>
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||
</text>
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||
</TEI> |