493 lines
No EOL
35 KiB
XML
493 lines
No EOL
35 KiB
XML
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">xo</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т. <biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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||
<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_xo" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="english-questions">
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<form xml:id="form_d734e66" type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>xo</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwæræ</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d734e69">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>сестра</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>sister</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">. Термин не только семейной, но я родовой организации:
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любая кенщина моего рода может называться <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>mæ xo</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя сестра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя сестра</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>; любая женщина рода моей матери может называться <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>æ mady xo</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя тетя</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя тетя</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сестра моей
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матери</q>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сестра моей
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матери</q>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>; любой потомок женщины моего рода может называться <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron">mæ xæræfyrt</form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwærifurt</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой племянник</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой племянник</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын моей
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сестры</q>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын моей
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сестры</q>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>. Ср. в этом отношении семантику слова <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærvad"><w>rvad</w>
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<gloss><q>брат</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>родич</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>62 — 63</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><title xml:lang="ru">Энгельс и
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языкознание</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="ru">М.</pubPlace>, <date>1972</date>,
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр. 240—241</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">стр.
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240—241</biblScope></bibl>). Поэтому, когда хотят подчеркнуть, что речь идет о родной
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сестре, говорят <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ævsymær xo</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænsuvær xwæræ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">единоутробная сестра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">единоутробная сестра</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit> ; см. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>ævsymær xogond</phr> или <phr>kængæ xo</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">названная сестра</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment">. The term reflects not only a family organization, but
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also a tribal one: any woman of my clan can be called <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>mæ xo</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя сестра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my sister</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>; any woman of my motherʼs family can be called <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma"><orth>æ mady xo</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">моя тетя</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my aunt</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сестра моей
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матери</q>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">my motherʼs
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sister</q>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>; any descendant of a woman of my family can be called <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron">mæ xæræfyrt</form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>xwærifurt</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мой племянник</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">my nephew</q>
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</tr>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">сын моей
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сестры</q>)</note>
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<note xml:lang="en" type="comment"> (<q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">my sisterʼs
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son</q>)</note>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit>. In this respect, cf. the semantics of the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærvad"><w>rvad</w>
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<gloss><q>brother</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>relative</q></gloss></ref> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
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<biblScope>62 — 63</biblScope></bibl> — <bibl><title xml:lang="en">Engelʼs i
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jazykoznanie [Engels and linguistics]</title>. <pubPlace xml:lang="en">Moscow</pubPlace>, <date>1972</date>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">стр.
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240—241</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">pp. 240—241</biblScope></bibl>).
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Therefore, when they want to emphasize that they are talking about a sister, they say <cit>
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<re>
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<form type="lemma" xml:lang="os-x-iron"><orth>ævsymær xo</orth></form>
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<form xml:lang="os-x-digor" type="dialectal"><orth>ænsuvær xwæræ</orth></form>
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<sense>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">единоутробная сестра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">half-sister</q>
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</tr>
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</sense>
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</re>
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</cit> ; see <mentioned xml:lang="os"><phr>ævsymær xogond</phr> or <phr>kængæ xo</phr>
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<gloss><q rendition="#rend_doublequotes">named sister</q></gloss></mentioned></note>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæm ræzync, kæm cærync dæ <oRef>xotæ</oRef>,
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dæ mad?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">где растут, где живут твои сестры, твоя
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мать?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">where do your sisters, your mother live, grow
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up?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>119</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">max <oRef>xo</oRef> æmæ ævsymær stæm</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">мы — сестра и брат</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">we are sister and brother</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>36</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Ajssæ mæ kængæ <oRef>xo</oRef> ū</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Айсса — моя названая сестра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Aissa is my named sister</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>58</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Batyraʒ æn... Xūry ḱyzg wydis ærdxord
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<oRef>xo</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Батрадзу дочь Солнца была присяжной сестрой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the daughter of the Sun was a sworn sister to
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Batradz</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/>
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<biblScope>50</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">avd ævsymæræn — īwnæg ævsymær <oRef>xo</oRef>
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Tamar</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">у семи братьев (была) единственная
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единоутробная сестра Тамара</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">seven brothers (had) the only half-sister
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Tamara</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Сека"/>
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<biblScope>19</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">mady <oRef>xojæ</oRef> mady ad cæwy</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">от сестры матери исходит сладость (родной)
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матери</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">from the sister of the mother comes the
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sweetness of (native) mother</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><biblScope xml:lang="ru">пословица</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">proverb</biblScope>; <ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>III 214</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Wyryzmæg jæ <oRef>xo</oRef> Satanamæ
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bacard</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Урызмаг стал жить (в супружестве) со своей
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сестрой Шатаной</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Uryzmag began to live (in marriage) with his
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sister Shatana</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Нарт._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>28</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">jæ <oRef>xotæ</oRef> dær segas ne ʽxsæn ne
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sty?</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">и сестры его не все ли между нами?</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">and his sisters, are they not all with us?</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">13</hi> 56</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">næxecæn æj ænsuvær <oRef>xwæræ</oRef>
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iskænæn</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">сделаем ее для себя (как бы) единоутробной
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сестрой</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">letʼs make her for ourselves (as if she was) a
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half-sister</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>25</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">ærsærnæwudæj sæ <oRef>xwæræ</oRef></quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">пришла к ним их сестра</q>
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</tr>
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<tr xml:lang="en">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">their sister came to them</q>
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</tr>
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<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭ"/>
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<biblScope>I 100</biblScope></bibl>
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</example>
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<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
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<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Negor-ældar... bacudæj æ <oRef>xwæræmæ</oRef>
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ma in zaǧta: wæ ors alasa mæ armi cæmæj baftuja oj min baamonæ, kenæ ba xwariurst
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(sic! В. А.)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(sic! V. A.)</note> æma <oRef>xwarævdesæn</oRef>
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<note xml:lang="ru" type="comment">(sic! В. А.)</note><note xml:lang="en" type="comment">(sic! V. A.)</note> kud bakænæn otæ!</quote>
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<tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Негор-алдар пошел к сестре и сказал ей: научи
|
||
меня, чтобы ваш белый конь попал в мои руки, а не то я отрекусь от тебя как от
|
||
сестры!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Negor-Aldar went to his sister and said to her:
|
||
teach me so that your white horse would fall into my hands, otherwise I will
|
||
renounce you as a sister!</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">kæsgon cægær ældar... ista sin sæ
|
||
<oRef>xwærti</oRef> fustaw ævzaræ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">плешивый кабардинский князь отнимал у них
|
||
сестер, как овец, на выбор</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">the bald-headed Kabardian prince took their
|
||
sisters away from them, like sheep, to choose from</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Gurdž._Æduli"/>
|
||
<biblScope>73</biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
<example xml:lang="os-x-digor">
|
||
<usg xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><lang/></usg>
|
||
<quote xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">Æmburdtæ ragi avd <oRef>xwæri</oRef>
|
||
adtæncæ</quote>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="ru">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(звезды) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Æmburdtæ</hi> (созвездие Плеяд) были давно семью сестрами</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr xml:lang="en">
|
||
<q xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">(the stars) <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Æmburdtæ</hi> (constellation Pleiades) were seven sisters long ago</q>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<bibl xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/>
|
||
<biblScope>20<hi rendition="#rend_subscript">10</hi></biblScope></bibl>
|
||
</example>
|
||
</exampleGrp>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="ru">Как и другие термины родства, древнее индоевропейское наследие. Восходит
|
||
к <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">hwahar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">swesor-</w></mentioned>. И. <oRef>хо</oRef> возводится к форме имен.
|
||
падежа <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahā</w></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">Стоит отметить, что и другие осетинские термины родства — <ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærvad"/> — отражают древнеиранские формы имен. падежа: (<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mātā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pitā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātā</w></mentioned>) в отличие, например, от <hi rendition="#rend_bold">персидского</hi> (<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>mādar</w></mentioned> и пр.).</note> д.
|
||
<oRef>xwæræ</oRef> — к основе косвенных падежей<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahar-</w></mentioned>, но с одной аномалией: слабым корневым гласным <c>æ</c>
|
||
вместо ожидаемого <c>a</c>, может быть, для избежания омонимии с <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xor"><w>xwar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>хлеб в зерне</q></gloss></ref>. Впрочем, в одном случае, в первой части
|
||
сложных слов, мы находим <c>xwar-</c> (см. выше цитату: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>). Вот как зовется сестра в иранских языках и
|
||
наречиях: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwūhar</w>, <w>xahār</w> (в диалектах) <w>xwar</w>, <w>xah</w>, <w>xōh</w>,
|
||
<w>xohr</w>, <w>xuh</w>, <w>xūa</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. I, стр.
|
||
30</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. I, стр.
|
||
30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwahar</w>, <w>xwah</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xovar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/> (по диалектам) <w>xōh</w>,
|
||
<w>xwä</w>, <w>xoar</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 448</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 448</biblScope></bibl>)</note>,
|
||
<w>xušk</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Rossi</author>. <title>Brāhuī and Western
|
||
Iranian clusters -šk, -sk</title>. <pubPlace>Napoli</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:base="ru">стр. 25</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>,
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>gwahar</w>, <w>gōhar</w>, <w>gwār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xovar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hova</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
||
<w>x̌warǵ</w></mentioned> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwer</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>племянник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>племянница</q></gloss>, <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahrya-</w></mentioned></note>)</mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xúy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>yax</w><gloss><q/></gloss>, <note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hahwā-</w> ← <w>hwahā</w></mentioned>. <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
||
<biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl></note></note>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
||
<w>yixa</w></mentioned> (ср. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xær</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>племянник</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>племянница</q></gloss></mentioned>),
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wx’r</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwōr</w>, <w>xōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwār</w> (<w>γw’r</w>, <w>xw’r</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w>’x-</w> = <w>uxa</w> (<note type="comment">из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahā-</w>, ср.: </mentioned><note type="bibl"><bibl><author>Henning</author>,
|
||
</bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XV 495</biblScope></bibl></note></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvar(a)-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛanhar</w></mentioned>. За пределами иранского: <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>svasar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sestra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>сестра</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>swestro</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
||
<w>swistar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Schwester</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sister</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>soror</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
|
||
<w>siur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>chwaer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="br"><lang/>
|
||
<w>c’hoar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kw"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hoer</w>, <w>hor</w>, <w>hair</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>koir</w></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>húg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>младшая сестра</q></gloss></mentioned> некоторые производят из иранского.
|
||
<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/> (<biblScope>Uul 196</biblScope>)</bibl>
|
||
оспаривает это сближение. — См. еще <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræfyrt"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 52, 73, 92, III 142</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XVI 33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="ru">Эдельман</author>,
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1977 IV 83</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>503</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
<etym xml:lang="en">Like other terms of kinship, this is an ancient Indo-European heritage.
|
||
It goes back to <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">hwahar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ine"><lang/>
|
||
<w type="rec">swesor-</w></mentioned>. Iron <oRef>хо</oRef> is traced back to the
|
||
nominative case form <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahā</w></mentioned>,<note type="footnote">It is worth noting that other Ossetian terms of kinship,<ref type="xr" target="#entry_mad"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_fyd_1"/>, <ref type="xr" target="#entry_ærvad"/>, reflect the ancient Iranian nominative case forms:
|
||
(<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">mātā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">pitā</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">brātā</w></mentioned>), unlike, for example, <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Persian</hi> (<mentioned xml:lang="fa"><w>mādar</w></mentioned> etc.).</note> whereas
|
||
Digor <oRef>xwæræ</oRef> goes back to the basis of indirect case forms <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahar-</w></mentioned>, but with one anomaly: a weak root
|
||
vowel <c>æ</c> instead of the expected <c>a</c>, perhaps, in order to avoid homonymy with
|
||
<ref type="xr" target="#entry_xor"><w>xwar</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>bread in grain</q></gloss></ref>. However, in one case, in the first part of
|
||
compound words, we find <c>xwar-</c> (see the quote above: <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_СОПам."/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 73</biblScope></bibl>). This is the name of the sister in Iranian
|
||
languages and dialects: <mentioned xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwūhar</w>, <w>xahār</w> (in dialects) <w>xwar</w>, <w>xah</w>, <w>xōh</w>,
|
||
<w>xohr</w>, <w>xuh</w>, <w>xūa</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>, <biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. I, стр.
|
||
30</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. I, p.
|
||
30</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwahar</w>, <w>xwah</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="pal-x-turfan"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xovar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ku"><lang/> (in dialects) <w>xōh</w>,
|
||
<w>xwä</w>, <w>xoar</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_KPF"/>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:lang="ru">Abt. III, Bd. II, стр. 448</biblScope><biblScope xml:lang="en">Abt. III, Bd. II, p. 448</biblScope></bibl>)</note>,
|
||
<w>xušk</w><note type="bibl"> (<bibl><author>Rossi</author>. <title>Brāhuī and Western
|
||
Iranian clusters -šk, -sk</title>. <pubPlace>Napoli</pubPlace>, <date>1977</date>,
|
||
<biblScope xml:base="en">p. 25</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="x-balochi"><lang/>
|
||
<w>gwahar</w>, <w>gōhar</w>, <w>gwār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ttt"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xovar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="tly"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hova</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwār</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prc"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xi</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ps"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xor</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yah"><lang/>
|
||
<w>x̌warǵ</w></mentioned> (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xwer</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>nephew</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>niece</q></gloss>, <note type="comment">from
|
||
<mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahrya-</w></mentioned></note></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="wbl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xúy</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
|
||
<w>yax</w><gloss><q/></gloss>, <note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hahwā-</w> ← <w>hwahā</w></mentioned>. <note type="bibl"><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Morgenstierne._Shughni"/>
|
||
<biblScope>106</biblScope></bibl></note></note>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="mnj"><lang/>
|
||
<w>yixa</w></mentioned> (cf. <mentioned xml:lang="os"><w>xær</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>nephew</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>niece</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>wx’r</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="yai"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwōr</w>, <w>xōr</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xwār</w> (<w>γw’r</w>, <w>xw’r</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xco"><lang/>
|
||
<w>’x-</w> = <w>uxa</w> (<note type="comment">from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">hwahā-</w>, cf.: </mentioned><note type="bibl"><bibl><author>Henning</author>, </bibl><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XV 495</biblScope></bibl></note></note></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hvar(a)-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
||
<w>xᵛanhar</w></mentioned>. Outside Iranian: <mentioned xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
||
<w>svasar-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sestra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sestra</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="prg"><lang/>
|
||
<w>swestro</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="got"><lang/>
|
||
<w>swistar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="de"><lang/>
|
||
<w>Schwester</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="en"><lang/>
|
||
<w>sister</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="la"><lang/>
|
||
<w>soror</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="sga"><lang/>
|
||
<w>siur</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="cy-x-cymr"><lang/>
|
||
<w>chwaer</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="br"><lang/>
|
||
<w>c’hoar</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="kw"><lang/>
|
||
<w>hoer</w>, <w>hor</w>, <w>hair</w></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
|
||
<w>koir</w></mentioned>. — <mentioned xml:lang="hu"><lang/>
|
||
<w>húg</w>
|
||
<gloss><q>younger sister</q></gloss></mentioned> are traced back to Iranian by some
|
||
authors. <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Joki"/> (<biblScope>Uul
|
||
196</biblScope>)</bibl> disputes this convergence. — See also <ref type="xr" target="#entry_xæræfyrt"/>.<lb/><bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>II 52, 73, 92, III 142</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Miller._Gr."/>
|
||
<biblScope>38</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Hübschmann._Oss."/>
|
||
<biblScope>70</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author>Szemerényi</author>
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_AI"/>
|
||
<biblScope>XVI 33</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><author xml:lang="en">Edelman</author>,
|
||
<ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ВЯ"/>
|
||
<biblScope>1977 IV 83</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Saka_Dictionary"/>
|
||
<biblScope>503</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
|
||
</entry>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</text>
|
||
</TEI> |