308 lines
24 KiB
XML
308 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">arfæ</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_arfæ" xml:lang="os" abv:completeness="complete">
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T200441+0300" comment="checked"?>
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<form xml:id="form_d3698e66" type="lemma"><orth>arfæ</orth></form><?oxy_comment_end ?>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e69">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e70">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благословение</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>blessing</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e79">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поздравление</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>congratulation</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e88">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>приветствие</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>greeting</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e97">
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">в дигорском также</note>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="en">in Digor also </note>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>заговор (против сглаза и пр.)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>spell (against the evil eye etc.)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d3698e115">
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<form xml:id="form_d3698e117" type="lemma"><orth><oRef>arfæ</oRef>
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kænyn</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e120">
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e121">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благословлять</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to bless</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e130">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благодарить</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>to thank</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3698e219">
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<quote><oRef>arfætægængæ</oRef> sæ xæʒærttæm adæm cydysty</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>со словами благодарности народ расходился по домам</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>with words of gratitude, the people went home</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>142</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3698e280" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote><oRef>arfæ kænunmæ</oRef> ma ragi æj; næ kinʒæ næ xæʒaræ næma
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issirdta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>поздравлять еще рано: наша невестка еще не прибыла в наш дом</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>it is too early to congratulate: our daughter-in-law has not yet
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arrived at our house</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MD"/>
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<biblScope>1949 II 37</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<re xml:id="re_d3698e141">
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<form xml:id="form_d3698e143" type="lemma"><orth>arfægond</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d3698e146">
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благословенный</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>blessed</q>
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</abv:tr>
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</sense>
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<exampleGrp xmlns="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict">
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<abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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<quote>X˳ycawæj <oRef>arfægond</oRef> næ festæm</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>нет на нас Божьего благословения</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>we have not become blessed by God</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>30</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="example_d3698e321">
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<quote><oRef>arfægond</oRef> ū X˳ycawy nomæj cæwæg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>благословен грядый во имя Господне</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Матфей"/>
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<biblScope><hi rendition="#rend_italic">21</hi> 9</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</exampleGrp>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d3698e157">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e159">
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<quote>arvy dwar fegom, æmæ Xætægo sk˳yvta ærdæg jæxīcæn ælǧyst, ærdæg
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<oRef>arfæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>врата неба открылись, и Хатаго взмолился, (прося) себе наполовину
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проклятия, наполовину благословения</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>the gates of heaven opened, and Khætægo prayed, (asking) half a
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curse, half a blessing for himself</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>II 72</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e178">
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<quote>Sozyryqo jæ žippæj sista šarmy k’ylbyz, <oRef>arfætæ</oRef> jyl
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bakodta æmæ jæ ḱyzgyl aværdta</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Созруко достал из кармана лоскут кожи, произнес над ним заклинания и
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положил его на девушку</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>Sozruqo took a piece of leather from his pocket, pronounced charms
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over it and put it on the girl</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ЮОПам."/>
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<biblScope>I 97</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e197" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>cæsti <oRef>arfæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>заговор (против дурного) глаза</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>charm (against the evil) eye</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_СОПам."/>
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<biblScope>172—174</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e238" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>dukkag ku fæxxiztaisæ, wædta dæbæl mæ
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T174415+0300" comment="formally this is arfæ kænun, but the meaning is not 'to thank' (although perhaps here it is used ironically; Abaev's translation does not indicate this)"?><oRef>arfæ</oRef>
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simbælun kodtainæ<?oxy_comment_end ?></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>если бы ты подождал второго (выстрела), я послал бы тебе мое
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<oRef>arfæ</oRef> (т. е. убил бы тебя)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>if you had waited for the second (shot), I would have sent you my
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<oRef>arfæ</oRef> (i.e., I would have killed you)</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Диг._сказ."/>
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<biblScope>3</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d3698e302">
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<quote>nīḱī myn rakodta axæm xorz <oRef>arfæ</oRef></quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>никто не сделал мне такого хорошего пожелания</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>no one made me such a good wish</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Коста"/>
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<biblScope>144</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Закономерная перестановка из <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">afr-</w></mentioned>; восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e479" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e344" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>āfrī-</w></mentioned> (ожидаемого перехода <c>r</c> в <c>l</c> перед
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<c>i</c> не произошло, вероятно, потому, что исходной была форма на сильной
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ступени: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āfray-</w></mentioned>):
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e484" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e349" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>āfarīn</w>, <w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e489" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e354" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>хвала</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e497" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e362" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>nafrīn</w>
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<gloss><q>проклятие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e505" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e370" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">afrīw-</w> (<w>ʼʼpryw-</w>), <w type="rec">āfrīn</w>
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(<w>ʼʼpryn-</w>) <gloss><q>благословлять</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e514" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e379" xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">āfrīwan</w> (<w>ʼʼprywn</w>)
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<gloss><q>благословение</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e520" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e385" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
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<w type="rec">āfrīwan</w> (<w>ʼfrywn</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e525" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e390" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
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<w>aùrya-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e530" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e395" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>āfrītī-</w></mentioned>
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<gloss><q>заклинание</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>благословение</q></gloss>,
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<gloss><q>проклятие</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e551" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e416" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-</w>
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<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из <m>ā-</m> + <w>frī-</w>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e555" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e420" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>prī</w></mentioned>)</note>
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<gloss><q>пожелать кому (хорошего или дурного)</q></gloss></mentioned>,
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e564" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e429" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-vācah</w>
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<gloss><q>благословляющий</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>проклинающий</q></gloss>
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<note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e576" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e441" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
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<phr>arfæjy wac</phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>.
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Амбивалентность значения (<gloss><q>благословлять</q></gloss> —
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<gloss><q>проклинать</q></gloss>), утраченная в персидском, где для
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негативного значения создано новообразование (<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e581" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e446" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>nafrīn</w></mentioned>), ясно еще чувствуется в осетинском, например
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<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>cæsti arfæ</phr>
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<gloss><q><?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T194408+0300" comment="I do not understand why (according to Abaev) this displays the negative meaning, because the charm is AGAINST the evil eye… (-> 'blessing of the eye')"?>заговор
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против дурного глаза<?oxy_comment_end ?></q></gloss></mentioned>, см.
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выше. Однако позитивное значение и в осетинском получило преобладание, так что
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слову <oRef/> нередко противопоставляется <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lǧītyn"><w>lǧyst</w>
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<gloss><q>проклятие</q></gloss></ref>. С корнем <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>frī-</w></mentioned> мы встречаемся еще в слове <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
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<gloss><q>друг</q></gloss></ref> q. v.<lb/><bibl>Вс.
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<author>Миллер</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">ОЭ</ref>
|
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<biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
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<biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
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<biblScope>X 907</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
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<biblScope xml:lang="ru">ОЯФ I 72, 581, 583 сл.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
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<etym xml:lang="en">Regular alternation from <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w type="rec">afr-</w></mentioned>; goes back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e344" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e479" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>āfrī-</w></mentioned> (there were no alterantion of <c>r</c> to <c>l</c>
|
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before <c>i</c>, probably because of the fact that the strong grade form was
|
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initial: <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>āfray-</w></mentioned>):
|
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e484" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
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<w>āfarīn</w>, <w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e489" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
|
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<w>āfrīn</w></mentioned>
|
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<gloss><q>praise</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e362" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e497" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
|
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<w>nafrīn</w>
|
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<gloss><q>curse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e505" xml:lang="sog"><lang/>
|
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<w type="rec">afrīw-</w> (<w>ʼʼpryw-</w>), <w type="rec">āfrīn</w>
|
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(<w>ʼʼpryn-</w>) <gloss><q>to bless</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e514" xml:lang="sog"><w type="rec">āfrīwan</w>
|
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(<w>ʼʼprywn</w>) <gloss><q>blessing</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
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<mentioned><mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e520" xml:lang="xpr"><lang/>
|
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|
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<w type="rec">āfrīwan</w> (<w>ʼfrywn</w>)</mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e525" xml:lang="kho"><lang/>
|
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<w>aùrya-</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e530" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<w>āfrītī-</w></mentioned>
|
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<gloss><q>spell</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>blessing</q></gloss>,
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>curse</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e551" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-</w>
|
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|
|
<note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">(из <m>ā-</m> + <w>frī-</w>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e555" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
|
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<w>prī</w></mentioned>)</note>
|
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<gloss><q>wish someone (well or
|
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|
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<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T195410+0300" comment="?"?>unwell<?oxy_comment_end ?>)</q></gloss></mentioned>,
|
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|
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e564" xml:lang="ae"><w>āfrī-vācah</w>
|
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|
|
<gloss><q>blessing</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>cursing</q></gloss>
|
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|
|
<note type="comment">(= <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e576" xml:lang="os"><lang/>
|
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|
|
<phr>arfæjy wac</phr></mentioned>)</note></mentioned>. The semantic
|
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ambiguity (<gloss><q>bless</q></gloss> — <gloss><q>curse</q></gloss>) has been
|
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|
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lost in Persian, where a new derivate was created for the negative meaning
|
|||
|
|
(<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d3698e446" xml:id="mentioned_d3698e581" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
|
|||
|
|
<w>nafrīn</w></mentioned>), but it is still available in Ossetic, e.g.
|
|||
|
|
<mentioned xml:lang="os-x-digor"><phr>cæsti arfæ</phr>
|
|||
|
|
<?oxy_comment_start author="oleg" timestamp="20231228T195549+0300" comment="I do not understand why (according to Abaev) this displays the negative meaning, because the charm is AGAINST the evil eye… (-> 'blessing of the eye')"?><gloss><q>spell
|
|||
|
|
against the evil eye</q></gloss><?oxy_comment_end ?></mentioned>, see
|
|||
|
|
above. However, the positive meaning has become prevalent in Ossetic, so the
|
|||
|
|
word <oRef/> is often opposed to <ref type="xr" target="#entry_7lǧītyn"><w>lǧyst</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>curse</q></gloss></ref>. The stem <mentioned xml:lang="ira"><w>frī-</w></mentioned> can also be found in the word <ref type="xr" target="#entry_lymæn"><w>lymæn</w>
|
|||
|
|
<gloss><q>friend</q></gloss></ref> q. v.<lb/><bibl>Ws.
|
|||
|
|
<author>Miller</author>. <ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Миллер_Вс._ОЭ">OÈ</ref>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>II 86</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_Bailey._Asica"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>4</biblScope></bibl>; <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_BSOAS"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope>X 907</biblScope></bibl>. — <bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/>
|
|||
|
|
<biblScope xml:lang="en">72, 581, 583 ff.</biblScope></bibl></etym>
|
|||
|
|
</entry>
|
|||
|
|
</body>
|
|||
|
|
</text>
|
|||
|
|
</TEI>
|