187 lines
18 KiB
XML
187 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:abv="http://ossetic-studies.org/ns/abaevdict" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<teiHeader>
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<fileDesc>
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<titleStmt>
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<title>Abaev Dictionary: entry <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæjnæg</hi></title>
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</titleStmt>
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<publicationStmt xml:base="../pubstmt.xml"><p>Translated from Russian in 2020 by Oleg Belyaev (ed.), Irina Khomchenkova, Julia
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Sinitsyna and Vadim Dyachkov.</p></publicationStmt>
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<sourceDesc>
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<bibl xml:lang="ru"><author>Абаев, Василий Иванович</author>.
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<title>Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка</title>. Т.
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<biblScope unit="volume">I</biblScope>. A–Kʼ. <pubPlace>М.–Л.</pubPlace>:
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<publisher>Наука</publisher>, <date>1958</date>. С. <biblScope unit="page">??–??</biblScope>.</bibl>
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</sourceDesc>
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</fileDesc>
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<encodingDesc xml:base="../encodingdesc.xml">
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<tagsDecl>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_italic" scheme="css">font-variant: italic;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_smallcaps" scheme="css">font-variant: small-caps;</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_singlequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "‘" "’";</rendition>
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<rendition xml:id="rend_doublequotes" scheme="css" scope="q">quotes: "«" "»";</rendition>
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</tagsDecl>
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</encodingDesc>
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</teiHeader>
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<text>
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<body>
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<entry xml:id="entry_fæjnæg" xml:lang="os">
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<form xml:id="form_d4807e66" type="lemma"><orth>fæjnæg</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4807e69"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>доска</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>plank</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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<re xml:id="re_d4807e79">
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<form xml:id="form_d4807e81" type="lemma"><orth>fæjnægfars</orth></form>
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<sense xml:id="sense_d4807e84"><abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>крепкобокий</q>
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</abv:tr><abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>with sturdy sides</q>
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</abv:tr></sense>
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</re>
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<abv:exampleGrp xml:id="exampleGrp_d4807e95">
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4807e97">
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<quote>donyl ma fæjnæg rawaʒūt, kæd yl cæwag racæwid</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>перекиньте через реку доску, чтобы по ней мог перейти пешеход</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>throw a board over the river so that a pedestrian can cross it</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Munk."/><biblScope>194</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4807e116" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>agæ fæjnægæj æmbærzuni ǧud kæntæ</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>позаботьтесь о том, чтобы покрыть котел доской</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>take care to cover the cauldron with a board</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_MSt."/><biblScope>33%l12–13%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4807e138" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>Narti fæjnægfars xwarz Sozuruqo</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>Нартовский крепкобокии славный Созуруко</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>glorious Sozuruko the Nart with sturdy sides</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_ОЭп."/><biblScope>58%l159%l</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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<abv:example xml:id="example_d4807e160" xml:lang="os-x-digor">
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<usg><lang/></usg>
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<quote>rewi fæjnæg</quote>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="ru">
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<q>грудная клетка</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<abv:tr xml:lang="en">
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<q>thorax</q>
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</abv:tr>
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<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#src_Bes."/><biblScope>99</biblScope></bibl>
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</abv:example>
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</abv:exampleGrp>
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<etym xml:lang="ru">Восходит к <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e364" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e185" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*pānaka</w></mentioned>, от корня <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e369" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e190" xml:lang="ira"><w>pā-</w>
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<gloss><q>охранять</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>ограждать</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>служить оградой, щитом</q></gloss></mentioned>: ‘доска’ получила
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название по своему использованию в качестве материала для ограждений и для
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щитов. Для семантики ‘доска’ — ‘щит’ ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e381" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e202" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
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<w>bret</w></mentioned> и <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e386" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e207" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>hord</w></mentioned>, совмещавшие значения ‘доска’ и ‘щит’, а также
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<mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e391" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e212" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w n="0">щитъ</w></mentioned>, исходное значение которого ‘дерево’, ‘доска’
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выступает в <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e397" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e219" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>scît</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e402" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e224" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Scheit</w>
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<gloss><q>дощечка</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e410" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e232" xml:lang="de"><w/>
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<gloss><q>обломок дерева</q></gloss></mentioned>. У скифо-меотских племен
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„щиты делались из дерева“ (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="ru">Н. Анфимов. Древние
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поселения Прикубанья. 1953</biblScope></bibl>). <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Тацит</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>Анн. II
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14</biblScope></bibl>) пишет о древних германцах, что они в качестве щитов
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пользовались „тонкими раскрашенными досками“ („%itenues et fucatas colore
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tabulas<hi rendition="#rend_italic">“). Слово засвидетельствовано в <hi rendition="#rend_bold">скифском</hi>; ос. </hi>fæjnægfars%i
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‘крепкобокий’ (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/><biblScope>58%l159%l</biblScope></bibl>) должно было звучать в
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скифском <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*panak-pars</hi>; с обычной для скифского инверсией в сложных словах
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имеем <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pars-panak</hi> в скифском собственном имени <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e428" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e250" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Παρσπάνακος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru"> (<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>175,
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235</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. За пределами
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скифо-осетинского ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e439" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e261" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>pānak</w>
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<gloss><q>то, что ограждает, охраняет</q></gloss></mentioned> (в сложных
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словах), отсюда <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e447" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e269" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>p'anak'</w>
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<gloss><q>покров</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e455" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e277" xml:lang="xcl"><w/>
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<gloss><q>защита</q></gloss></mentioned> (ср. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e461" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e283" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>šāb-panah</w>
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<gloss><q>ночной кров</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e469" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e291" xml:lang="sgh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>приют</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e476" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e298" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pānah</w>
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<gloss><q>деревянный дверной засов</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e484" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e306" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>клин</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e490" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e312" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>pāna-</w>
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<gloss><q>охрана</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e498" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e320" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>защита</q></gloss></mentioned> (в сложных словах), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e504" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e326" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pāna-</w></mentioned> id. Может быть, сюда же <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e509" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e331" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>pon</w>
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<gloss><q>крыша</q></gloss></mentioned>. <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Русск.</hi> (диал.) <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e518" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e340" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>пано́к</w>
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<gloss><q>доска для лубочной картины</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e526" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e348" xml:lang="ru"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="ru">также</note>
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<gloss><q>корытце для рубки мяса</q></gloss></mentioned> является, возможно,
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скифским наследием.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>175,
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176, 199, 212, 236</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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<etym xml:lang="en">Traces back to <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e185" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e364" xml:lang="ira"><lang/>
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<w>*pānaka</w></mentioned>, from the root <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e190" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e369" xml:lang="ira"><w>pā-</w>
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<gloss><q>guard</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>enclose</q></gloss>, <gloss><q>serve as a fence, as a shield</q></gloss></mentioned>: ‘plank’
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received its name due to its use as a material for fences and shields. For the
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semantics ‘plank’ — ‘shield’ cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e202" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e381" xml:lang="gmh"><lang/>
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<w>bret</w></mentioned> and <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e207" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e386" xml:lang="ang"><lang/>
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<w>hord</w></mentioned>, which combined both meanings: ‘plank’ and ‘shield’,
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and also <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e212" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e391" xml:lang="sla"><lang/>
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<w>ščitъ</w></mentioned>, the initial meaning of which is ‘wood’, ‘plank’ is
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in <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e219" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e397" xml:lang="goh"><lang/>
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<w>scît</w></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e224" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e402" xml:lang="de"><lang/>
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<w>Scheit</w>
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<gloss><q>small plank</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e232" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e410" xml:lang="de"><w/>
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<gloss><q>piece of wood</q></gloss></mentioned>. The shields of
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Scythian-Maeotian tribes ‘were made of wood’ (<bibl><biblScope xml:lang="en">N. Anfimov. Ancient settlements of the Kuban region.
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1953</biblScope></bibl>). <hi rendition="#rend_smallcaps">Tacit</hi> (<bibl><biblScope>Анн. II
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14</biblScope></bibl>) wrote about ancient Germans that they used ‘thin
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coloured planks’ („<hi rendition="#rend_italic">tenues et fucatas colore tabulas</hi>“) as shields. The word
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is attested in <hi rendition="#rend_bold">Scythian</hi>; Ossetic <hi rendition="#rend_italic">fæjnægfars</hi> ‘with sturdy sides’
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЭп."/><biblScope>58%l159%l</biblScope></bibl>) should have sounded in
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Scythian as <hi rendition="#rend_italic">*panak-pars</hi>; with the usual for Scythian inversion in compound
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words there is <hi rendition="#rend_italic">pars-panak</hi> in a Scythian proper name <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e250" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e428" xml:lang="xsc"><lang/>
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<w>Παρσπάνακος</w><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">
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(<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>175,
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235</biblScope></bibl>)</note></mentioned>. Beyond the bounds of
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Scythian-Ossetic cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e261" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e439" xml:lang="pal"><lang/>
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<w>pānak</w>
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<gloss><q>thing that fences, protects</q></gloss></mentioned> (in compound
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words), from which there is <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e269" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e447" xml:lang="xcl"><lang/>
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<w>p'anak'</w>
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<gloss><q>cover</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e277" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e455" xml:lang="xcl"><w/>
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<gloss><q>defence</q></gloss></mentioned> (cf. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e283" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e461" xml:lang="sgh"><lang/>
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<w>šāb-panah</w>
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<gloss><q>night shelter</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e291" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e469" xml:lang="sgh"><w/>
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<gloss><q>shelter</q></gloss></mentioned>), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e298" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e476" xml:lang="fa"><lang/>
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<w>pānah</w>
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<gloss><q>wooden door bolt</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e306" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e484" xml:lang="fa"><w/>
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<gloss><q>wedge</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e312" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e490" xml:lang="ae"><lang/>
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<w>pāna-</w>
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<gloss><q>guard</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e320" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e498" xml:lang="ae"><w/>
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<gloss><q>defence</q></gloss></mentioned> (in compound words), <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e326" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e504" xml:lang="inc-x-old"><lang/>
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<w>pāna-</w></mentioned> id. The word <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e331" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e509" xml:lang="oru"><lang/>
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<w>pon</w>
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<gloss><q>roof</q></gloss></mentioned> may be related to it as well. <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e340" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e518" xml:lang="ru"><lang/>
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<w>panók</w>
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<gloss><q>board for cheap popular prints</q></gloss></mentioned>, <mentioned corresp="#mentioned_d4807e348" xml:id="mentioned_d4807e526" xml:lang="ru"><w/><note type="comment" xml:lang="en">also</note>
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<gloss><q>trough for meat mincing</q></gloss></mentioned> is probably a
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Scythian heritage.%n<bibl><ref type="bibl" target="#ref_ОЯФ_I"/><biblScope>175,
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176, 199, 212, 236</biblScope></bibl>.</etym>
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</entry>
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</body>
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</text>
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</TEI>
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